The Microscope. Packet #2. 10/17/2016 9:12:02 PM Ryan Barrow 2012

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1 1 The Microscope Packet #2 10/17/2016 9:12:02 PM Ryan Barrow 2012

2 2 Historical Timeline 1609 Galileo Galilei develops a compound microscope with a convex and a concave les Robert Hooke publishes Micrographia and coins the word cell for structures he discovers in cork bark 1674 Anton van Leeuwenhoek improves on a simple microscope for viewing biological specimens 1931 Ernst Ruska starts to build the first electron microscope 10/17/2016 9:12:03 PM Ryan Barrow 2012

3 3 Types of Microscopes 10/17/2016 9:12:03 PM Ryan Barrow 2012

4 4 Types of Microscopes I Compound Microscope Light microscope that has two converging lens systems: the objective and the eyepiece 10/17/2016 9:12:03 PM Ryan Barrow 2012

5 5 Types of Microscopes II Electron Microscope Any class of microscopes that use electrons instead of light to form images of very small objects such as individual parts of small living things 10/17/2016 9:12:03 PM Ryan Barrow 2012

6 6 Types of Microscopes III Transmission Electron Microscope Microscope used to reveal the internal structure of microbial and cell types. Microscopes Scanning Electron Microscope The electron beam is scanned, or swept over a metal coating to form a three-dimensional image. Compound Microscope Light Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Scanning Tunneling Microscope Scanning Tunneling Microscope Can produce three-dimensional images of individual molecule and atoms, as well as movies Internal Structures 3D image 3D image Molecules & Atoms

7 7 The Compound Microscope

8 8

9 9 The Compound Microscope Base Supporting structure that generally contains the source Condenser Converges light beams to pass through the specimen Iris Diaphragm Controls the amount of light passing through the specimen

10 10 Compound Microscope II Objective Lens Magnifies image Body Tube (Arm) Conveys light to the ocular lens Ocular Lens (Eye piece) Magnifies the image from the objective. A microscope with one ocular lens (eyepiece) is monocular; a microscope with two ocular lenses is binocular

11 11 Compound Microscope III Mechanical Stage Allows precise control in moving the slide Coarse Adjustment Knob used to locate specimen Fine Adjustment Knob used to bring the specimen into sharp focus

12 12 Compound Microscope IV Total magnification Calculated by multiplying the magnifying power of the objective lens by the magnifying power of the ocular lens. Increased magnification is no value unless good resolution can also be maintained.

13 13 The Behavior of Light Used for the Compound Microscope Properties of Light

14 14 Properties of Light Reflection Light strikes an object and bounces back Transmission Passage of light through an object Must be one of these 2 for a microscope Absorption Taken up by that object and used as energy Photosynthesis

15 15 Properties of Light II Refraction Bending of light as it passes through one medium to another of different density

16 16 Properties of Light II Diffraction Occurs when light rays are bent as they pass through a small opening, such as a hole, a slit, a space between two adjacent cellular structures, or a small, high powered, magnifying lens in a microscope. The bent light rays distort the image obtained and limit the usefulness of the light microscope.

17 17 Properties of Light Properties of Light Reflection Transmission Absorption Refraction Strikes & bounces back. Passes through an object. Absorbed by object. Bends passing from medium to medium.

18 18 Use of Immersion Oil With the Compound Microscope

19 19 Immersion Oil Immersion Oil Same index of refraction as glass Used to replace air to prevent refraction at a glassair interface Works as a secondary lens Allows a clearer and larger image 10/17/2016 9:12:06 PM Ryan Barrow 2012

20 20 Review 10/17/2016 9:12:06 PM Ryan Barrow 2012

21 21 Review The Microscope Types of Microscopes Properties of Light Use of Oil Immersion Compound Four Properties Electron 10/17/2016 9:12:06 PM Ryan Barrow 2012

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