Croatian ideas on simplifying the CAP

Transcription

1 PAYING AGENCY IN AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Croatian ideas on simplifying the CAP Karlo Banović, Sector for OTS control 2017 IACS Workshop, Ghent

2 Contents Current use new technologies in the context of supporting implementation of the current CAP in Croatia, especially in the OTSC and LPIS process Identified use-cases Ideas for the future Conclusion

3 Doubths and Limitations for use of Sentinel-2 in Croatia - EK Current use new technologies in the context of supporting implementation of the current CAP in Croatia especially in the OTSC and LPIS process: Geo-tagged photos GNSS-receivers combined with GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO and EGNOS Open data - Google Instantstreetview Unmanned Aircraft Systems - Drones The European Earth observation programme - Copernicus through a series of Sentinel sensors

4 Geo-tagged photos Croatia: operational use since 2011 Photos taken by the controllers during RF visits or classic OTSC Hundreds of thousands of photos showing the real situation from the field at the time the photo was taken The photo speaks more than a thousand words A very useful tool for continuously collected information over the years Captured photos are useful as: - an excellent overview of the facts in the field - an audit trail, as confirmation of findings - a useful tool for checking the quality of the inspector's work

5 Geo-tagged photos Each arrow represents one georeferenced photo stored in LPIS

6 Geo-tagged photos Three options for photo geo-positioning: GNSS tool with integrated camera Simultaneously capturing the position with the GNSS tool and photos with the camera Using a camera that has an integrated GPS receiver Photos take up a lot of space on the server (Optimize photo size without dropping the quality) Sometimes there are problems with photo positions and azimuth The next step is to load photos made by farmers or other interested parties

7 Geo-tagged photos The replacement of field visit by geotagged photos coming directly from the farmers Smart mobile phones and tablets have on chipsets with GPS-receivers that determine their location with accurate position, between 4 and 15 meters. There will be problems to be solved with photo positions and azimuth of photos. It will be necessary to check, by Agency, the quality and representativeness of the photos. In some cases, however, you will need to make RFV, but in a lot less cases than now. This will reduce the agency's costs, requirements for a larger number of people involved, and increase data quality and increase the accuracy of payment approvals. It is necessary to adopt a legislative basis for the application of this solution and to develope software and methodological solutions

8 GNSS-receivers combined with GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO and EGNOS Croatia: Topcon GMS2 device Operational use since 2011 For both GPS+Glonass satellite systems Provides access to the EGNOS correction services as a standard feature. Using its internal Bluetooth connection to GSM device, GMS-2 can be configured to connect to a regional GPS reference station network (CROPOS) Profit: better and more accurate positioning and measurement in worse conditions

9 Open data Google Instantstreetview Instantstreetview covers almost all rural areas with asphalt roads In Croatia and other EU members Integration into LPIS as a layer from 2017 A useful additional source of information The photo speaks more than a thousand words Using 3D images gives a much better impression of parcel or part of the plot than just looking at 2D images from LPIS 360 degree view from the road to the parcels in the surrounding area And up to several hundred meters away from the road It should be borne in mind that the photos are not always the latest

10 Open data Google Instantstreetview

11 Open data Google Instantstreetview

12 Unmanned Aircraft Systems - Drones - very demanding to use - seek the development of special software solutions - They are looking for specially trained people - they can cover relatively small areas - Use only in special cases in limited areas - It is not for general use as the main control tool

13 Results of a small pilot project on the use of Earth Observation Products - Sentinel data in Croatia Exploratory use, no S-2 specific scientific background Basic band combinations True color False color NDVI NDWI B01 B08 B12 B01 B08 B02

14 Sentinel - hub Sentinel hub: PAYING AGENCY IN AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 12/preset=CUSTOM/layers=B04,B03,B02/maxcc=20/gain=1/gamma=1/ time= /cloudCorrection=none/atmFilter=/

15 Possibilities of use Sentinel images in conducting classical OTS controls PAYING AGENCY IN AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

16 Tools in use Sentinel Hub services integrated in OTS tools 2016 Download Images problem and solution Simple inclusion of WMS services Full control over EO products visualisation Prototype use Sentinel Playground (free web tool) Testing various combinations Exploration

17 Greening winter-crop inspection Remote control of areas with greening measure (stubble crop) Cross-check with NDVI in late autumn (November) Could be semi-automated

18 Possibilities of use Sentinel images in conducting controls with remote sensing (CWRS) PAYING AGENCY IN AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT Ploughing on parcels

19 Cross-check of farmer s appeal Farmer claiming that water was not present during growing season; 4.3 ha of illegible area proven by use of S-2

20 Doubths and Limitations for use of Sentinel-2 in Croatia Determined possibilities of using sentinel data existence and duration of catch crops cuting on grassland ploughing on parcels if the winter soil cover is kept the existence of weeds on parcels non compliance with minimum farmers activity

21 Conclusion on use of Sentinel-2 in Croatia Pilot use in 2016 proved to add value, operational use planned for 2017 At the moment treated as a supportive layer, not yet part of official procedure Manual use, no automatics Free data, low cost of operation and benefits of additional data source make it a must-have

22 How about the future?

23 Supportive data during submission process Farmers and operators can get access to most recent imagery, which might be useful in cases of 3 years old aerial imagery Layers should not be overlaid with LPIS data to prevent point-by-point digitization/delineation (too low resolution) if presented in a pop-up, they help with interpretation but do not get in the way

24 Sentinel-powered Risk Analysis today and in the future Selection of zones Satellite imagery acquisition Selection Manual photointerpretation Rapid field-visit Ongoing ingestion of EO data Automatic identification of problems Manual postselection Manual photointerpretation Rapid field-visit Follow-up Follow-up

25 Sentinel-powered Risk Analysis Full agriculture area is checked automatically or semi-automatically country wide OTSC/CWRS process focused to identified issues to assure audit-proof evidence Long-term effects as farm holders know they are being watched Current IACS methodology does not put incentive to such processes

26 Doubths and Limitations for use of Sentinel-2 in Croatia - EK The possibility of continuously monitoring the agricultural activity Legislation should be adapted to promote ongoing monitoring The possible increase of error rate due to new technologies allowing to detect more errors. The high number of small reference parcels in MS does not allow monitoring of 100% of the areas by the Sentinel data.

27 Doubths and Limitations for use of Sentinel-2 in Croatia - EK There is still a lack of expertise, knowledge and validation of methods using sentinel data and new technologies. New algorithms need to be developed, implemented and fully tested. Sentinel image storage is a real challenge. Croatia proposes the active involvement of the EC to support the use of Sentinels data in IACS: improving data availability, providing data storage, validation of methods, software development, evaluation of the technical guidance. Best approaches must be proven by the EC before operational use.

28 Doubths and Limitations for use of Sentinel-2 in Croatia Common pilot project (EU level) are needed for proving the methodology, validation and real implementation in the IACS workflow. Croatia is willing to cooperate but also expressed the need of EC/ESA/JRC support. Common data availability is essential (common Sentinel hub) Shorter revisit time will be useful because of the presence of clouds Technical support/guidance by JRC would be appreciated More examples and more practice are necessary to implement solutions in real working environment. Croatia proposes that the EC amend the Working Document on the increase of rate on-the-spot checks in such a way that the use of those new technologies will not lead to more controls.