Augmented Reality in Transportation Construction
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1 September 2018 Augmented Reality in Transportation Construction FHWA Contract DTFH6117C00027: LEVERAGING AUGMENTED REALITY FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION Hoda Azari, Nondestructive Evaluation Research Program Manager IHEEP 2018 Lincoln, Nebraska. September 25, 2018
2 Augmented Reality Research Project FHWA Contract DTFH6117C00027 Thorough review of state-of-the art augmented reality (AR) technologies and applications for Highway Construction Draft Report will be completed at the end of 2018
3 Augmented Reality (xr) Terminologies Mixed Reality (xr) Reality Augmented Reality Augmented Virtuality Virtual Reality The Reality Virtuality Continuum
4 Augmented Reality (xr) Terminologies Mixed Reality (xr) Reality Augmented Reality Augmented Virtuality Virtual Reality Google Daydream (VR) Daqri Smart Glasses (AR)
5 Augmented Reality (xr) Terminologies Mixed Reality (xr) Reality Augmented Reality Augmented Virtuality Virtual Reality Typical AR Devices are closer to the Reality end of the spectrum: Primarily See-through of reality Some VR overlay
6 Augmented Reality Technologies Components of AR System: Sensory input Display device Haptic input (navigation/interaction) Tracking Systems Computing Device Media Representation Data Input / Storage
7 Augmented Reality Technologies Display devices fit into two categories Hand-held devices tablets, smart phones Head-mounted displays (HMD) / Glasses
8 Augmented Reality Technologies Tracking Methods Position and Orientation GNSS / Wifi networks / V2X/I2X (radio systems for CAV) Inertial sensors track local movements of the device Optical sensors track 2D video or 3D imagery of the real-world Sensor fusion systems that combine all of the tracking methods Marker-based position initialization
9 Augmented Reality Technologies Hand-held devices and commercial AR applications PokemonGo Google Translate
10 Augmented Reality Technologies Hand-held devices and AR applications Video see-through: real-world captured by camera on device GNSS positioning / Inertial tracking for orientation and movement Some devices use optical or 3D sensor tracking Initial registration typically achieved with markers / targets in scene Hand-helds on construction sites not necessarily new AR could be add-on to existing uses of mobile devices
11 Augmented Reality Technologies Head-mounted displays Optical see-through: real-world seen directly through lenses GNSS positioning / Inertial tracking for orientation and movement Some devices use optical or 3D sensor tracking Initial registration typically achieved with markers / targets in scene
12 AR Information Display Options Categories of information display that AR will support: Display what is not yet constructed Compare design alternatives in context Check relationships between existing/future elements Site logistics, equipment movements Preview complex installation procedures Illustrate construction methods and sequencing Opportunities for training on-site Check traffic management/temporary structures Display what was intended to be constructed Site inspection and validation Code/standards/compliance checking Checking quantities and work progress Inspection training opportunities Check traffic management/temporary structures
13 AR Information Display Options Categories of information display that AR will support: Display what is hidden from view Buried utilities or structural components Elements obstructed from the current view Display abstract information aligned with real-world context Alignment information, easements, site boundaries, ROW boundaries Environmental boundaries, such as flood levels or sea-level rise data Sensitive areas such as archeological and historic sites Meta-data tagged to associated real-world objects Potential work-zone hazards
14 Augmented Reality Challenges Challenges with current systems Field of View (FOV) Handheld devices limited to FOV displayed on screen held at arms length Current HMD s typically limit virtual display to 60 degrees FOV (see next slide)
15 Field of View (FOV) Binocular Typical AR Field Display of View FOV 120⁰ 60⁰ Left eye 135⁰ Right eye 135⁰
16 Augmented Reality Challenges Challenges with current systems Occlusion Current systems can only display overlaid virtual information in the foreground Virtual elements that are behind realworld elements are not masked out Limits the immersive quality of the AR representation Calculating occlusion requires that the AR application have detailed 3D information of both the real-world scene and the virtual model
17 Augmented Reality Challenges Challenges with current systems Ruggedness / Durability Current devices not designed for daily outdoor use, safety issues Performance / Portability Display processing must be performed on-board the device Some devices tethered to wearable computing device adds weight Most applications require storage for pre-loading of 3D assets onto the device WiFi connectivity / streaming could allow assets to be loaded on demand no examples of this yet (solvable in the near future with 5G?) Safety Hand-held devices use one or usually both hands and block view HMD s can limit peripheral vision, and possibly audio
18 Augmented Reality Challenges Challenges with current hardware Tracking technologies GNSS requires visibility of satellite network Most systems require marker-based or manual registration Optical / 3D sensors require visible detail in environment Bright / outdoor scenes are difficult for optical tracking These last two requirements could be key challenges with construction, especially in an outdoor work environment without details to track Display brightness Current display technology in HMD s is limited in ability to display over optical see-through devices in a bright outdoor environment Matching virtual display to real-world brightness problematic, especially in outdoor environment
19 Augmented Reality Software AR Ready Cloud-based Platforms Autodesk BIM360 Platform Not currently supporting Geo-referencing Forge development platform Bentley Bentley Connect Trimble Trimble Connect AR Ready Developer Platforms Apple ARkit, Google ARCore, Windows Mixed-Reality, WebAR Game Platforms - Unity most common in AR
20 Augmented Reality Workflows AR in 3D Model-based Workflows AR should become a critical tool within existing BIM model workflows Piggyback on BIM data management and 3D modeling efforts Some current BIM platforms already supporting AR tools AR in Workflows for other data types Leveraging other types of information (non-3d) will require new tools and workflows Abstract data could be included in 3D model if geolocated correctly
21 ARTC Workshop Augmented Reality in Transportation Construction (ARTC) Held May 9 th 2018, at Turner Fairbanks Highway Research Facility ~40 participants Goals: FHWA / State DOT s University / Research Contractors / Consultants AR Vendors / R&D Educate participants in AR Identify new applications for AR Prioritize future applications of AR
22 ARTC Workshop Conducted in Three Sessions 1: Overview of AR Technologies Current display technologies Characteristics of AR systems Challenges with AR tools for construction 2: Vendor technology presentations and hands-on demonstrations Participants were able to see and experience the AR tools 3: Brainstorming and participant polling of application opportunities Discussion and identification of potential AR applications Documentation of challenges for AR applications in construction Electronic ranking of top AR application concepts
23 ARTC Workshop Key themes emerged in the brainstorming session on AR application areas in construction 1: Visualization of design information Simplified 3D model components Abstract 2D information such as alignments or ROW Accessible through existing 3D workflows 2: AR to support construction inspection activities Comparing as-built condition with as-designed virtual information Access to context specific inspection criteria and specifications 3: AR as a training support tool In particular for construction inspection activities
24 ARTC Workshop Key challenges identified in the second brainstorming session on roadblocks to AR implementation 1: Challenges with the technology AR systems and hardware still new 3D workflows required to implement AR 2: Challenges within STA s in implementing AR Cultural shift- changes in workflows, acceptance of new and untried technologies Potential costs for new computing systems needed Labor costs for more advanced 3D workflows
25 ARTC Workshop Informal Vote of Participants on Applications - Top 10 Ideas Identified: Site planning and Logistics AR support of automated code/standard compliance of proposed designs AR to support road safety audits/hazard recognition/hazards to the traveling public Provide visualization to the property owner to better understand a project s impact and show options to the property owner as well. Visually tag variances in schedule and quality issues so that both sides are viewing the same issue Streamline/Assist with NEPA and upholding other project commitments AR to support training and certification for construction inspection Verify the work is being installed properly by having the right information and right format for the inspector AR to facilitate faster approval of pay estimates Automated layout of systems
26 ARTC Workshop What Type of Agency or Field Do you Work In? 1. Federal Agency (23%) 2. State Agency (23%) 3. Technology Developer (35%) 4. Engineering and Construction Industry Firms (11%) 5. University or Research (8%) ( 26 RESPONDENTS )
27 Prioritization Impact the impact of the proposed augmented reality application in improving project performance 1 little to no impact 9 great impact Feasibility level of effort required to implement the proposed augmented reality application considering both technical and human resource requirements 1 significant effort 9 little to no effort
28 ARTC Workshop Polling What would be the IMPACT of implementing Concept X 1. Extremely Low Low Neutral High Extremely High
29 ARTC Workshop Polling What would be the Feasibility of implementing Concept X 1. Extremely Difficult Difficult Neutral Easy Extremely Easy
30 ARTC Workshop Polling Results of Participant Polling on Applications - Top 5 by Impact Rating: Inspector s Toolkit: use of augmented reality to verify that work is being installed properly by providing the right information and right format for the inspector in the field. Impact: 7.54, Feasibility: 3.70 NextGen Training and Certification: use of augmented reality supported training and certification for construction inspection. Impact: 7.24, Feasibility: 4.73 Augmented Reality support of Right-of-Way Acquisition: provide project visualization to property owners to better understand a project s impact and to show design options to the property owner as well. Impact: 7.12, Feasibility: 6.08 Automated Inspection: use of augmented reality to support automated code/standard compliance checking of installed items through machine learning. Impact: 7.08, Feasibility: 3.44 Visual Variances: visually tag variances in the field with regards to schedule and quality issues to ensure all parties are viewing the same issue. Impact: 6.92, Feasibility: 4.54
31 LOW IMPACT HIGH FEASIBILITY HIGH IMPACT HIGH FEASIBILITY ARTC Workshop Polling Results of Participant Polling on Applications Plot of Impact vs. Feasibility: Impact vs. Feasibility of Proposed AR Applications (Overall) ROW Visualization 2 Training/Certification Visually Tag Variances Site Planning and Logistics NEPA/Commitments Assist HIGH IMPACT LOW FEASIBILITY Automated Layout Provide Right Info at Right Time Automated Code/Standard Compliance Hazard Recognition Pay Estimates LOW IMPACT LOW FEASIBILITY -2
32 LOW IMPACT HIGH FEASIBILITY HIGH IMPACT HIGH FEASIBILITY ARTC Workshop Polling Results of Participant Polling on Applications Plot of Impact vs. Feasibility: Impact vs. Feasibility of Proposed AR Applications (State & Federal) 1.2 ROW Visualization Visually Tag Variances Automated Layout Site Planning and Logistics HIGH IMPACT LOW FEASIBILITY Training/Certification Provide Right Info at Right Time Automated Code/Standard Compliance Hazard Recognition Pay Estimates NEPA/Commitments Assist LOW IMPACT LOW FEASIBILITY -1.2
33 LOW IMPACT HIGH FEASIBILITY HIGH IMPACT HIGH FEASIBILITY ARTC Workshop Polling Results of Participant Polling on Applications Plot of Impact vs. Feasibility: Impact vs. Feasibility of Proposed AR Applications (Engineering & Construction) 3 ROW Visualization Site Planning and Logistics Training/Certification NEPA/Commitments Assist 0.5 Visually Tag Variances HIGH IMPACT LOW FEASIBILITY Provide Right Info at Right Time Automated Layout Automated Code/Standard Compliance Hazard Recognition Pay Estimates LOW IMPACT LOW FEASIBILITY -3
34 LOW IMPACT HIGH FEASIBILITY HIGH IMPACT HIGH FEASIBILITY ARTC Workshop Polling Results of Participant Polling on Applications Plot of Impact vs. Feasibility: Impact vs. Feasibility of Proposed AR Applications (Research & Development) Training/Certification Automated Layout Automated Code/Standard Compliance Site Planning and Logistics ROW Visualization Hazard Recognition Visually Tag Variances NEPA/Commitments -0.5 Assist Provide Right Info at Right Time Pay Estimates HIGH IMPACT LOW FEASIBILITY LOW IMPACT LOW FEASIBILITY -2
35 September 2018 Thank You HODA AZARI NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION RESEARCH PROGRAM DIRECTOR TURNER FAIRBANKS HIGHWAY RESEARCH FACILITY, MCLEAN, VA
36 VENDOR DEMONSTRATION SESSIONS Autodesk Trimble Banc3 Hololens
37 BRAINSTORMING SESSION 1 1. Based on what you have seen today, how could state transportation agencies immediately use augmented reality? 1. For construction inspection 2. Human Resource Development (training) 3. Improved project management and QA 4. Other areas? 2. If there was opportunity to further develop augmented reality, how would you like to use the technology on future projects? 1. For construction inspection 2. Human Resource Development (training) 3. Improved project management and QA 4. Other areas?
38 BRAINSTORMING SESSION 2 3. What are the greatest challenges in state transportation agencies use of augmented technology? Technology barriers? Human resource barriers? Process barriers?
39 BRAINSTORMING SESSION 3 4. What would it take for state transportation agencies to successfully implement AR? On their projects? Within their agency?
40 POLLING OF POTENTIAL STRATEGIES Capture Data from Attendees Identify Key Strategies for AR Implementations
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