Contents TRAM TRACK DESIGN GUIDELINES

Transcription

1 Contents 1. Introduction Purpose Scope Responsibilities Records Referenced Documents Definitions 3 2. Approval of Design Documentation 4 3. Survey Works General Control Information Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Detail Information Intergraph File format 6 4. Core Samples 7 5. Tramway Track Design Horizontal Alignment Special Works Vertical Alignment Drainage Clearances Track Construction Track Standards Plan Production Types of Drawings Layout Plans Rail Plans Rail Bending Diagrams Long Sections Cross Sections Level and Drainage Plans at Special Works 17 SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC i

2 Document History and Status Issue Rev. Issued To Qty Date Reviewed Approved Massoud Majidi 1 1/9/ Yarra Trams 1 12/10/ Yarra Trams 1 30/08/ Yarra Trams 1 10/07/ Yarra Trams 1 17/11/03 Printed: 17 November :25 AM Last Saved: 17 November :25 AM File Name: Project Manager: Frank Engelen Name of Organisation: YARRA TRAMS Name of Project: DESIGN OF TRAM TRACKS Name of Document: Document Version: 1.4 Project Number: SF99137 I:\DATA\PROJECT\SFRA\SF99137\REP02_08.13\TrmTrkDesnV1.4.doc SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC ii

3 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose These guidelines have been prepared as a guide to the design standards and procedures involved in tramway track design. They are to be used as a guide only and all design work will require extensive track and road design engineering knowledge, as well as a sound understanding of track and road construction methods, surveying practice, and of the characteristics of each particular site. 1.2 Scope This specification shall be used by Yarra Trams and any Contractors for the design of any tramway tracks and associated infrastructure. These guidelines set down requirements as applicable for: Survey for design works. Tram track design procedures. Plan production 1.3 Responsibilities It is the responsibility of the Contractor to complete all works as specified in these guidelines and in accordance with relevant standard drawings, specifications and codes of practice. It is the responsibility of the Superintendent to ensure that all works are carried out in compliance with these guidelines. 1.4 Records Nil 1.5 Referenced Documents Where Australian, British, or American standard specifications, rules, or codes of practice are referred to, such reference shall always be taken to include the latest issues, together with the latest amendments and supplements It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to ascertain the existence such amendments and supplements. The following documents should be read in conjunction with these guidelines and are available from the relevant authority: VicRoads: Standard Specification for Roadworks and Bridgeworks, July, Road Design Guidelines Final Drawing Presentation Standard Drawings for Roadworks SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 1

4 Australian Standards: AS Stormwater Drainage AS 4058 Precast Concrete Pipes Yarra Trams Documents: Tram Track Construction Specification PTC Documents: TS 94/007 Construction of Autopoints N/A PTC Investigation Into Simultaneous Dual Track Reconstruction, October N/A ENG-TE-STD-2101 Track Technical Definitions N/A The above documents marked N/A are generally not applicable to most design works and are not provided with the design guidelines. These documents shall be provided or made available if they are needed to complete the scope of works for the project. Drawings: TITLE DRAWING No. REVISION Tramway Structure Gauge P C1 Standard Check Plate, Block & Assembly, 41 kg Rail YTS 1102 C1 Track Construction, Check Plate for Curves, 41 kg Rail YTS 1103 C1 Track Construction, Check Plate opposite Crossings YTS 1208 C1 Track Drain Pit Construction Details TS1304-YT C2 Track Drainage General Arrangement TS1305 Track Construction Concrete to Surface TS1401-YT C1 Track Construction Ballast Track TS1403 Left Hand Crossover for Straight Track Layout Plan TS2804 B Switch Spiral TS2901 Plain End Spiral TS2902 Alignment, Services and Drainage Plan P19612 P1 Longitudinal Section P19613 P1 Cross Sections P19617 P1 Docklands Stage 3, Rail Plan & Rail Bending Diagrams (Sample Plan) P18750 C2 Docklands Stage 1, Cast Crossings (Sample Plan) P17597 A Docklands Stage 1, 'H' Crossing & Diamond Modules, Assembly (Sample Plan) P17599 A SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 2

5 1.6 Definitions Contractor: Principal: Public Transport Corporation: Superintendent: Technical Definitions: Contractor shall include tenderer and service supplier. Principal shall mean Yarra Trams. Public Transport Corporation (PTC) documents, including drawings, are referred to in this document. The PTC documents shall be utilised unless superseded by Yarra Trams documents Superintendent shall mean the Principal s representative. The term shall include any appointed representative of the Superintendent. Refer to document ENG-TE-STD-2101, Track Technical Definitions. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 3

6 2. Approval of Design Documentation Designs shall conform to these guidelines unless otherwise approved in writing by the Superintendent. Vertical designs and drainage designs (and horizontal designs, if applicable) shall be approved in writing by VicRoads and/or local council as appropriate. Documentation shall be submitted for review at the following stages as well as at any time that the Contractor needs advice or guidance: establishment of horizontal alignment. final approval of horizontal alignment so that others can proceed with other designs as part the project. establishment of vertical alignment. final approval of all plans. An allowance of 2 weeks shall be made for the Superintendent to review documentation. Allowances shall also be made for VicRoads, local authorities and/or service authorities to perform their design works and/or give approvals for the Contractor's designs. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 4

7 3. Survey Works 3.1 General The design works shall include completing a feature survey of the area covered by this contract. It is the responsibility of the Contractor to ensure that the survey is thorough enough to enable the design works to be completed to the satisfaction of the Superintendent. 3.2 Control Information Placement of station marks, of a type approved by the Superintendent, with due regard to stability and permanence. Locality sketches shall be required for all stations. The adoption of a minimum of two Bench Marks within the length of the job and Bench Marks every 500 metres. (Bench Marks shall be of reasonable stability and may be points on significant structures and/or especially placed marks, but shall not to be standard Permanent Marks.) Survey work shall be based on the adoption of AMG zone 54/55 for the horizontal datum and AHD for the vertical datum. 3.3 Digital Terrain Model (DTM) The design works shall be based on a DTM being a representation of the ground conditions. The DTM shall be created by the placement of breaklines along salient features and other spot heights as deemed necessary. Breaklines shall include, but not be limited to:- rails, kerb lines, crown lines, track margins. The DTM shall extend to at least 30.0 m past the limits of works. 3.4 Detail Information All tram track furniture with appropriate details/comments (pits, poles, tram stops, overhead poles with pole bonds, full details of overhead trolley wire network in areas where the tracks may be realigned, etc). All service authorities' furniture with appropriate details/comments (pits and poles, etc). All road furniture with appropriate details/comments (traffic signal poles and pits, signs, etc). All significant vegetation. All drainage features, including the proving and documentation of sizes and invert levels of pits and pipes in areas where track drainage may need to be installed. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 5

8 Line marking and traffic loops affected by the works. Existing road boundaries, ie building lines and kerbs (top, invert and lip) and the location of points of access to properties. 3.5 Intergraph File format The field observations shall be reduced into an Intergraph File format, ie Microstation drawing file (*.dgn) with detail/symbology as specified below using the cell library available on request from the Superintendent, or as specified in the VicRoads Standard Drawing Guidelines. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 6

9 4. Core Samples Core samples shall be taken at approximately 300 to 500 m intervals along the tracks with a minimum of two locations along the length of the works. At least 3 core samples to be taken at each location - 1 in each track and 1 between the 2 tracks. Each sample shall be at least 500 mm deep. The purpose of the samples is for confirmation of existing track construction, and hence extra samples shall be taken at locations where there is an obvious change in track construction. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 7

10 5. Tramway Track Design 5.1 Horizontal Alignment Horizontal track design consists of a combination of straights and curves. There are two types of curves used in track design - circular curves (constant radius) and transition curves (varying radius). Transition curves are always used in combination with circular curves, however circular curves can be used by themselves. Various combinations of circular and transition curves are used, the most desirable being a circular curve with identical transition curves at each end. This is the most common usage of a transition curve (linking a circular curve to a straight), however a transition curve can also link two circular curves of different radii (a straight merely being a curve of infinite radius). The purpose of a transition curve is to provide a gradual increase in both cant and horizontal acceleration. To serve this purpose, the curve is designed to have a gradually varying radius with respect to arc length. The same radius is required at its ends, as the curves which it links. There are five different types of transitions in use in the tramway system, each serving its own purpose and with its own limitations. a. Euler Spiral: the ideal spiral, also known as the clothoid. This is the preferred transition for all trackworks. b. Cubic Parabola: an approximation to the euler spiral and can only be used up to 24. After this the radius starts increasing instead of decreasing. c. Plain End Spiral: a series of constant radius arcs of decreasing value, also known as Lorains No 3 Spiral. It can be broken at the end of any arc, but the radius of the last arc should be larger than the radius of the circular arc. (Refer to TS2902) d. Switch Spiral: the same as the Plain End Spiral but has the first 5 20'10" replaced with a constant radius of m. This must be used where a switch is or may be required. (Refer to TS2901) e m Radius: a constant radius of m for an angle of 7 02' 33". This is only used in extreme cases where there is not sufficient room to put anything better and only inside depots. It is also only used where a switch is, or may be required. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 8

11 5.2 Special Works Special Work is any trackwork which must be pre-fabricated (ie bent or assembled) before it can be constructed on site. This includes all switches, crossings and any trackwork which needs pre-bending. Fabrication Drawings shall include Rail Plans and Rail Bending Diagrams. The only transitions used in new designs are the euler spiral for simple circular curves or switch spirals for junction designs. Alignments shall be as smooth as practical. Straights shall be as long as possible and the radius of any curve shall be as large as possible with due consideration to other constraints. Small radii (less than 50 m) shall not be used for small angles (less than 10 ). Combinations of short straights and small curves shall not be used where a single curve can be used. Fabrication Drawings for Special Works shall not commence until the Horizontal Alignment has been approved by the Superintendent. All switches, crossings and rails (shorter than 3 m) connecting these items, shall be cast from manganese steel. Rails in special works shall be placed so that a minimum number of joints are required and as many whole rail lengths as possible shall be used. Pre-bent rails shall extend to approximately 3 m onto the straight past the tangent point of the curve. Where Tee head rails are used at special works, or curves up to 325 m, the rails shall be head hardened and guard rails or check plates shall be fitted in accordance with the following table:- CURVE RADIUS / TURNOUT Curve CHECK REQUIREMENT HIGH LEG CHECK FLANGE GAP HEIGHT AT RAIL HEAD LOW LEG CHECK FLANGE GAP HEIGHT AT RAIL HEAD Up to 100 m R Both Rails 30 mm -2.4 mm 30 mm +3.6 mm 100 to 325 m R Low Leg Rail 30 mm -2.4 mm 30 mm -2.4 mm Greater than 325 m R Not Required Not Applicable Turnout, Opposite V Crossing Zero Superelevation Both Rails 30 mm -2.4 mm 26 mm +3.6 mm With Superelevation Both Rails 26 mm +3.6 mm 26 mm +3.6 mm Check Plate details and construction shall comply with Drawings No. YTS 1102, YTS 1103 and YTS SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 9

12 All rails associated with special work and curves with a radius less than 325 m shall be pre-bent and a pre-bent check plate shall be fitted to Tee head rails prior to installation. 5.3 Vertical Alignment Vertical alignment design shall not commence until the horizontal alignment has been approved by the Superintendent. In some cases the vertical alignment may affect the horizontal alignment. Longitudinal sections shall be drawn for the two outer rails for most vertical designs - other rails also need to be drawn when determining levels through junctions. Grades and vertical curves shall be kept as long as possible and should be calculated wherever possible. In extreme cases, grade changes of not more than 0.3% may be used without a vertical curve. On normal straight track the inner rails are 6 mm above the outer rails with a level difference of 50 mm between the two tracks to suit the general crossfall of the road. The higher track may slope down towards the lower track when there is a steep crossfall. In places where there is heavy cross traffic, the four rails shall be kept in one plane if possible, and a traffic line should be plotted to check the affect on cross traffic. Through junctions, including crossovers, the rails shall be kept in one plane to ensure that each rail has an even longitudinal profile. On curved track the outer rail shall be higher than the inner rail. The theoretical cant requirement depends on the radius of the curve and the velocity of the tram. However, in most cases the overall shape of the road governs the amount of cant which can be applied to a curve. Equilibrium cant is the amount of cant which enables the tram to travel around the curve without any sidethrust on the wheels. However, this amount of cant is usually too large for road conditions and a certain amount of sidethrust is tolerated. 5.4 Drainage Tram track drainage shall be provided at changes of longitudinal grade from negative to positive, ie low points. Track drains shall also be provided on the high side of major cross roads and/or on the high side of passenger loading areas where there is a long run (300 m) with no other track drainage. At special works all switches shall be drained and extra drains shall be provided approximately 3 m on the high side of any special works. The road motor box of automatic points shall also be drained. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 10

13 Track drains usually have the invert of the pipes at least 400 mm deep with the pit floor being 100 mm deeper. The frames and covers for track drains are of standard design while the pit is cast as an integral part of the track slab. The pits for points drains are provided as part of the points assembly and pipe inverts are also approximately 400 mm deep. The pits containing the motors for automatic points are approximately 700 mm deep and these shall be drained from the bottom to ensure that the motors remain as dry as possible. Points drains and track drains normally get sand washed into them and special care must be taken to ensure that sand and other rubbish cannot be washed into the pit containing the road motor box for the automatic points. All drains shall be reconnected to existing drains. If new connections to storm water drains are needed then full details shall be provided and negotiated with the relevant local authority. Refer to Drawing No. TS1305 for general drainage arrangement in concrete track. Refer to Drawing No. TS1403 for general drainage arrangement in ballast track. Refer to Drawing No. TS1401-YT for sub-surface drainage requirements in concrete track. Drainage design shall cater for 1 in 100 year flood. 5.5 Sub-Surface Drains Pavement drains are generally provided along the line between an existing pavement and a new pavement (ie track slab) where pavement depths or permiabilities could create a moisture trap. Special reference is to be made to VicRoads Design Guidelines Section Sub-surface drainage shall be wrapped in geotextile to prevent siltation. Drawing TS1403 shows a typical ballast track cross section with sub-surface drainage. Drawing TS1401-YT shows a typical concrete track cross section with subsurface drainage. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 11

14 5.6 Clearances For safety considerations it is necessary to maintain minimum clearances between trams and other trams, other vehicles and structures. On straight track, track centres of m ensure that a minimum clearance of 0.6 m between trams is maintained. Clearance to other vehicles is provided by a 100 mm broken yellow fairway line at 900 mm offset, measured from running edge of rail to the outside edge of the line. Clearances to structures are shown on the diagram on Drawing No. P The horizontal alignment design shall allow for the maintenance of standard clearances. Clearances to structures and other road traffic shall be checked to ensure that the standards are maintained. The Superintendent shall be informed of any instances where standard clearances cannot be maintained. 5.7 Track Construction Tram Track Construction Specification provides details of construction requirements. Drawings No. TS1401-YT and TS1403 provide details of requirements for concrete and ballast track construction respectively. TS1407-YT provides details of requirements for concrete construction at points and crossings. At major arterial road crossings a stronger structure like TS1407-YT with reinforcing mesh shall be provided. If these constructions can not be achieved, then drawings showing special construction methods shall be produced and approved by the Superintendent before they are used in any track construction. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 12

15 6. Track Standards HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT TRACK GAUGE - straight and curved track (except turnouts) - straight track through Diamonds and H crossings - turnouts, (turnout move) opposite V Crossings - turnouts, (through move), opposite V Crossings where superelevation is applied TRACK CENTRES - normal straight track - straight track with centre poles RADIUS - minimum main line - minimum city streets TRANSITIONS - type - desirable main line length - desirable city streets length Desirable minimum straight between reverse curves Standard crossover angle Standard switch radius FLANGEWAYS Check Plates - normal straight and curved track - through and opposite crossings In Concrete - sloped m m m m m m m m Euler Spiral m m m 11 25'00" m 30 mm 26 mm mm VERTICAL ALIGNMENT GRADE - maximum - minimum RADIUS - desirable minimum - absolute minimum:- under curve - absolute minimum:- over curve SUPERELEVATION - tangent track, inner rail above outer rail - maximum - desirable development rate - maximum development rate LEVELS - DIFFERENCES - desirable outer rail above margin - maximum outer rail above margin - desirable range between inner rails - maximum between inner rails 6.67 % 0.25 % 760 m 500 m 500 m 6 mm 100 mm 1 in in mm 30 mm mm 100 mm SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 13

16 VERTICAL ALIGNMENT GUARD RAIL OR CHECK PLATE - height at rail head (except low leg of turnout curve) - height at rail head for total length of low leg of turnout curve - height at rail head for total length of high leg of turnout curve Level 3.5 mm above 2.5 mm below CLEARANCES TRAM TO TRAM - standard straight track - minimum on curves TRAM TO STRUCTURES - minimum to permanent structures (1420 to rail) - minimum on curves 600 mm 250 mm 750 mm 450 mm TRAM TO OTHER VEHICLES - standard clearance line (900 to rail) 200 mm NOTE: Measurements from rail apply to straight track only, extra distances must be stipulated to allow for extra overhang of trams on curved track. SPEED Straight Track - Depends on regulatory roadway speed as applicable to Trams - Maximum 70 km/h Curves - up to 100 m radius 15 km/h to 240 m radius 30 km/h to 430 m radius 45 km/h - greater than 430 m radius 60 km/h Through special work 15 km/h MISCELLANEOUS Tram loading - per axle 9 t Axle centres - 2 per bogie 1.8 m Bogie centres - 2 or 3 per vehicle 8.5 m SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 14

17 7. Plan Production The final drawings must be clear, legible and understandable to the engineering and construction personnel. The drawings shall contain all the necessary data and details to permit a Contractor to submit a realistic tender and then later to set out and construct the project. The A' series of sheet sizes have been adopted with the `A3' sheet being the standard drawing sheet. A copy of the 'A3' title sheet will be supplied on floppy disk to the successful tenderer. All drawings with trackwork shall have chainages increasing from left to right on the sheet. Chainages in the tramway system generally run from the city outwards. AMG and AHD values together with a north point shall be shown on each drawing if applicable. References to other relevant information, surveys or drawings shall be included in the reference column on the drawing. Where the drawing continues onto another sheet, a continuation note shall be placed on the sheet near the edge where the other sheet joins. Minor alterations to a finished drawing may be made and shall then be listed in the amendment column. The letter of the amendment shall also be added to the drawing number. A finished drawing here refers to one that has been signed off by the Superintendent. Major alterations may require a complete redraw including a new drawing number. All drawings shall be numbered and a block of numbers shall be issued by the Superintendent. All final drawings shall be plotted on drafting film. Text styles to be used are helvetica, iso and isoeq with heights of 1.8, 2.5 and 3.5 mm. All drawings shall be provided to the Superintendent in Microstation (*.dgn) format on 3½" diskettes, with details/symbology as specified on the attached sheets. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 15

18 8. Types of Drawings The drawings to be produced are - Layout Plans, Long Sections, Cross Sections and Rail Bending Plans for pre-bending of curved trackwork. Samples of plans are attached. 8.1 Layout Plans Scale shall be 1:500 or 1:250 depending on detail to be provided. Generally 1:500 is used for straight tracks and 1:250 is used for junctions or curves. These plans shall show the following: Alignments of trackwork - including curve details and relevant coordinates Limit of works Feature survey background - reference file Locations of services within 5 m of trackwork - reference file Locations of track drains Locations of Rail Bonds and Pole Bonds Coordinates of survey bench marks. Notes to be included on relevant layout plans include but are not limited to: RAIL BONDS TO BE INSTALLED AT POLE Nos. POLE BONDS TO BE INSTALLED AT POLE Nos. ANY OTHER POLE BONDS, IF FOUND, TO BE TESTED AND REINSTATED OR DISCONNECTED YARRA TRAMS PITS AFFECTED BY THE WORKS SHALL BE REINSTATED WARNING, BEWARE OF UNDERGROUND SERVICES, THE LOCATIONS OF UNDERGROUND SERVICES ARE APPROXIMATE ONLY AND THEIR EXACT POSITION SHOULD BE PROVEN ON SITE. NO GUARANTEE IS GIVEN THAT ALL EXISTING SERVICES ARE SHOWN. 8.2 Rail Plans Scale shall be 1:250. Rail Plans shall show the distribution of rails, crossings and switches as well as all dimensions necessary, including lead distances and offsets to the crossings, TP - TP distances, AMG coordinates. 8.3 Rail Bending Diagrams Rail Bending Diagrams are drawn NOT TO SCALE. Rail Bending Diagrams show the chords, offsets and spreads necessary for the bending of rails and the casting of crossings. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 16

19 8.4 Long Sections Scales shall be 1:1000 horizontally and 1:100 vertically. These plans shall show the following: Vertical profile along the centreline of double tracks Chainages, existing and design levels: every 10 m along the alignment at tangent and transition points of horizontal curves at low points Vertical alignment details - including chainages, levels, grades/radii and lengths. 8.5 Cross Sections Scales shall be 1:250 horizontally and 1:50 vertically. These plans shall show the following: Sections every 10 m and at tangent, transition and low points Offsets from the design line, with existing and design levels for each rail. Information from cross sections shall also be summarised in a tabulation format. 8.6 Level and Drainage Plans at Special Works Scale shall be 1:250. Level and drainage plans shall show design and existing spot levels and drainage details at special works. Levels shall be shown on the rails at tangent points, transition points and secants of curves as well as at equal divisions of circular arcs not exceeding 10 m in length and at equal divisions of transitions not exceeding 5 m in length. Levels are also to be shown at the tangent points and heels of all switches and at the intersections of all crossings at points on the adjacent rails opposite single crossings. The spacing between levels shall not exceed 10 m. The layout of drainage pipes, pits and connection points shall also be shown on this plan. SINCLAIR KNIGHT MERZ SF99137: TRMTRKDESNV1.4.DOC 17

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