EXTRACTION OF MANGO KERNEL OIL AND ITS UTILIZATION IN TOILET SOAP PRODUCTION. AHMODUMUSA REG. No 99/S092EH

Transcription

1 EXTRACTION OF MANGO KERNEL OIL AND ITS UTILIZATION IN TOILET SOAP PRODUCTION BY AHMODUMUSA REG. No 99/S092EH DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY. FEDRAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA. A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BARCHELORDEGREE IN ENGINEERING (B. ENG) NOVEMBER 2005.

2 '. ". EXTRACTION OF MANGO I(ERNEL OIL AND ITS. UTILIZATION IN TOILET SOAP PRODUCTION.. ".... BY AHMODD lviljsa... REG. No 99/S092EH. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING "..!,".' "-',.,". '." " SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND' ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY. FEDRAH UNIVERSITY OF, ".' ' ',"0 TECHNOLOGY, MINNA. A PROJ:E:CT SUBMITTED., IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT ()F ;' -', THE REQUIREMENt FOR THE ~ WARD Of,., BARCHELOR DEGREE IN:ENGINEERINQ (B. EN(j). ' ' /'," ". NOVEMBER 2005.

3 11 Declaration I, Ahmodu Musa do declare that this thesis presented for the Award of Bachelor of Engineering in Chemical Engineering has not been presented either wholly or partial for any degree elsewhere. Signature _t_=~_l'?:=:.::=.~c!_f= Date

4 111 Certification This is to certify that this thesis "Extraction of Mango Kernel Oil and its Utilization in Toilet Soap Production" is the original work of Ahamodu Musa, carried out wholly by him under the Supervision of Engr (Mrs.) Aisha Farouk and submitted to the Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna Nigeria ~,~ Eng. Aisha Farouq Supervisor \~l:l \'1 J r;. DDS Date Dr. F. Aberuagba Head of Department Date External Examiner Date

5 IV Dedication This work is dedicated to Mr. Joel Attah.

6 v Acknowledgement First, gratitude to God Almighty for life, health, strength, and understanding throughout my study. He is worthy of praise. To my family for their financial and moral support especially my parents Mr. and Mrs. Yakubu Achor,'Mr. and Mrs. Joel Attah, Barister Williams, Mr. and Mrs. Abdulkareem Ismaila; Also to Solomon, Akoji, Unekwu, Mercy. I also want to express my gratitude to my supervisor Engr. Aisha Farouq for her understanding and support. Thanks also to the Head of Department Dr. F. Aberuagba and all the lecturers who in one way the other impacted knowledge to us. Appreciation also goes to my course mates; Joshua Ochoge, Dche Ameh, Clement Yari, Alate Waheed, Asere Bunmi, Gideon Aduma, Awokaz, Motunlola, Kumbi, Micah, Mary Isaac, Dere, oh just too many to mention. Many thanks. Support of friends like Godwin Haruna, Agada Katson, MayoPaul, Tope, Ahmed (Ustaz), Bose Akeju, you are highly appreciated. God bless you all.

7 Vl Abstract This work was carried out to effectively extract mango kernel oil and subsequently utilize the oil as a superfatting agent in the production of toilet soap. The average percent yield of the oil obtained by solvent extraction was 9.74 percent. The saponification value of the mango kernel oil was found to be mgKOH per gram of fat. Superfatted and unsuperfatted soaps were produced using the Cold Process method and the foamability test carried out on the soaps showed that the foamability of the unsuperfatted soap was about 1.2 times that of the superfatted soap. Percent Free Caustic test carried out on the soaps showed that 0.08% caustic remained unneutralized in the superfatted soap while 0.13% caustic remained unneutralized in the unsuperfatted soap. On use of soaps, some degree of lubricity was.produced by the superfatted soap with less hardness on the skin compared to the unsuperfatted soap. The project thus showed that effective utilization of discarded mango seeds could bring about an improvement in the quality of toilet soaps.

8 Vll TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page.... Declaration Certification.... Dedication.... Acknowledgement.... Abstract.... Table of contents..... List of tables and appendices.... CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION...,... ~_. (' Background of study Aim/Objective Significance of the study Scope and Limitation of the study.... '~~"'<>..""""" IV V VI.. Vll IX CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW... >.~ The Mango Plant The Mango Kernel Composition of Mango Kernel Oil Extraction of Oils Method of Extraction Solvent Extraction of Mango Kernel Oil Factors Influence Rate of Extraction Mass Transfer in Solvent Extraction Choice of Solvent Properties ofn-hexane Soap Production Materials for Soap Production Soap Production Processes Superfatting of Soap...,