COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF SANDCRETE BLOCKS AND LATERITE/CEMENT BLOCKS FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ADEBOYE THEOPHILUS OLADETA

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1 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF SANDCRETE BLOCKS AND LATERITE/CEMENT BLOCKS FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BY ADEBOYE THEOPHILUS OLADETA 2OO7/1/27271BT DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION, SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION,FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA. OCTOBER,

2 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF SANDCRETE BLOCKS AND LATERITE/CEMENT BLOCKS FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BY ADEBOYE THEOPHILUS OLADETA 2OO7/1/27271BT A RESEARCH SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION, SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA. IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMEMT OF THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH.) IN INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION. OCTOBER,

3 CERTIFICATION I ADEBOYE THEOPHILUS OLADETA with matriculation number 2007/1/27271BT an undergraduate student of Iindustrial and Technology Education Department, do certify that the work embodied in this project is original and has not been submitted in part or full for any other Diploma or degree of this or any other university. Name Sign-Date 3

4 APPROVAL PAGE This project has been read and approved as meeting the requirement for the award of B.Tech degree in Industrial and Technology Education, School of Science and Science Education, Federal University of Technology,Minna. Supervisor Signature/Date Head of Department Signature/Date External Supervisor Signature/Date 4

5 DEDICATION This project is dedicated to Almighty God who saw me through the course of the programme and to my parent Pastor Mr Adeboye Olajide Joseph and Mrs Adeboye Florence Olamide, who has made it possible for me to create my own future. 5

6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere gratitude goes to the almighty God for sparing my life up till this moment and for seing me through the course of this project work. May his name be praised forever (Amen). My special thanks goes to the H.O.D of the department, Dr E.J OHIZE, I wish to appreciate my supervisor Mall. Mohammed Bala Maik, for his wise councel, understanding, his constructive criticisms and knowledge as he impacted me, despite his tight schedule during the project period. My special appreciation goes to Engr. Dr. P.A Omozokpia who acted as a co-supervisor, my special thanks goes to Professor G.D MOMOH the pioneer of the department, Professor K.A SALAMI, and other lecturers in Industrial and Technology Education Department, for all their guidance during the course of the project work. I also wish to appreciate Mallam Saka, a technologist of Building Technology Department of the Federal University of Technology, Minna for his assistance during my practical work. I wish to express my grattitude to my parent Pastor Mr and Mrs Adeboye, for their love, care, and support in my life till this day. I also wish to appreciate my younger once, Adeboye Loveth, Adeboye Titus, Adeboye Phoebe, Adeboye Miracle, Adeboye Mary And Adeboye Emmanuel, and the family of Mr and Mrs Olatayo Bamidele Oriolowo for their contribution and support to my educational pursue. Finally i wish to appreciate all my entire friends both in and out of the department who had in one way or the other contributed grately to the success of this project. May God bless you all. 6

7 TABLE CONTENTS Content Page Title page ii Certification iii Approval page iv Dedication v Acknowledgement vi Table ofcontent vii Lists of table x Abstract xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of study 1 Statement of the problem 4 7

8 Purpose of the study 5 Significance of the study 5 Research questions 6 Scope and limitation of the study 6 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Building construction materials. 8-9 Building standards and blocks 9-13 Block moulding and curing Sandcrete blocks and its basic constituents Laterite/cement blocks and its basic constituents Types,characteristics and properties of blocks Methods of stabilizing soil for construction purposes Emperical studies Summary of literature reviewed 34 CHAPTER III MATERIALS AND METHODS Research design 35 Scope 35 Materials

9 Area of study 36 Molding of blocks 36 Curing of sandcrete blocks blocks 36 Curing of laterite/cement blocks 36 Determining the functional properties of blocks Determining the compressive strength of blocks Method of analysis of result 40 CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION OF RESULTS Research question Research question Research question Research question Findings Discussion of findings CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary of study Implication of study 53 Conclusion 53 Recommendation 54 Suggestion for further study 54 9

10 Reference Appendix A 58 Appendix B Appendix C LIST OF TABLES Sieve analysis for river sand (Sharp Sand) 41 Moisture content for sharp sand 41 Sieve analysis for laterite sand 42 Moisture content for laterite/cement sand 43 Compressive strength of sandcrete blocks with mix proportion of 1: Compressive strength of sandcrete blocks with mix proportion of 1:8 44 Compressive strength of laterite/cement blocks with mix proportion of 1:6 45 Compressive strength of laterite/cement blocks with mix proportion of 1:8 46 LIST OF GRAPHS Comparism of sandcrete blocks and laterite/cement blocks with mix proportion 1:6 47 Comparism of sandcrete blocks and laterite/cement blocks with mix proportion 1:

11 ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of experimental investigations carried out on the comparative analysis of the strength properties of laterite/cement blocks and sandcrete blocks for building construction. A total number of 64 blocks were produced using machine compacted method. Two mix proportions (1:6 and 1:8) were used. 16 blocks each were produced for laterite blocks and sadcrete blocks with mix proportion of 1:6 and 1:8. Curing was done by sprinkling water on the sandcrete blocks and open room temperature for laterite/cement blocks. The results showed that for each mix proportion the compressive strength increase with increase in the curing age. Machine compacted 225mm hollow sandcrete blocks made from mix ratio 1:6 have strength which varies from 2.45N/mm 2 at 7 days to 2.62N/mm 2 at 14 days to 2.95N/mm 2 at 21 days and finally 3.21 N/mm 2 at 28 days. For laterite/cement blocks it varies from 2.41N/mm 2 at 7 days to 2.67 N/mm 2 at 14 days to 2.99 N/mm 2 at 21 days and finally 3.29N/mm 2 at 28 days.for mix proportion 1:8 The result indicated that the compressive strength of 225mm sandcrete hollow blocks with mix proportion of 1:8 varies from 2.25N/mm 2 at 7 days to 2.40N/mm 2 at 14 days to 2.66N/mm 2 at 21 days and finally 2.95 N/mm 2 at 28 days. For laterite/cement blocks it varies from 2.21N/mm 2 at 7 days to 2.49 N/mm 2 at 14 days to 2.77 N/mm 2 at 21 days and finally 3.10N/mm 2 at 28 days. It was concluded that laterite/cement blocks have better strength than sandcrete hollow blocks. 11