THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTENSITY DURATION FREQUENCY CURVES FITTING CONSTANT AT KUANTAN RIVER BASIN

Transcription

1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTENSITY DURATION FREQUENCY CURVES FITTING CONSTANT AT KUANTAN RIVER BASIN NUR SALBIAH BINTI SHAMSUDIN B.ENG (HONS.) CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTENSITY DURATION FREQUENCY CURVES FITTING CONSTANT AT KUANTAN RIVER BASIN NUR SALBIAH BINTI SHAMSUDIN Report submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of the degree of B. Eng. (Hons) Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth Resources UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG JUNE 2016

3 UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG DECLARATION OF THESIS / UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT PAPER AND COPYRIGHT Author s full name : NUR SALBIAH BINTI SHAMSUDIN Date of birth : 7 th OCTOBER 1993 Title : THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTENSITY DURATION FREQUENCY CURVES FITTING CONSTANT AT KUANTAN RIVER BASIN Academic Session : 2015/2016 I declare that this thesis is classified as: CONFIDENTIAL (Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972)* RESTRICTED (Contains restricted information as specified by the organization where research was done)* OPEN ACCESS I agree that my thesis to be published as online open access (full text) I acknowledged that University Malaysia Pahang reserves the right as follows: 1. The thesis is the property of University Malaysia Pahang. 2. The Library of University Malaysia Pahang has the right to make copies for the purpose of research only. 3. The Library has the right to make copies of the thesis for academic exchange. Certified by: SIGNATURE SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR ( ) (PN SHAIRUL ROHAZIAWATI BINTI SAMAT) Date: JUNE 2016 Date: JUNE 2016 NOTES: *If the thesis is CONFIDENTIAL or RESTRICTED, please attach with the letter from the organization with period and reasons for confidentiality or Restriction

4 i SUPERVISOR'S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I have checked this thesis and in my opinion, this thesis is adequate in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Bachelor (Hons.) of Civil Engineering. Signature : Name of Supervisor : PN. SHAIRUL ROHAZIAWATI BINTI SAMAT Position : LECTURER Date : JUNE 2016

5 ii STUDENT'S DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is my own except for quotations and summaries which have been duly acknowledged. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted for award for other degree. Signature : Name : NUR SALBIAH BINTI SHAMSUDIN ID Number : AA12186 Date : JUNE 2016

6 vii TABLE OF CONTENT SUPERVISOR'S DECLARATION STUDENT'S DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOLEWDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SYMBOLS LIST OF ABBREVIATION Page i ii iii iv v vi x xii xiv xv xvi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Study Problem Statement Objectives Scope of Study Significant of Study 5 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction Intensity Duration Frequency Curve Development of Intensity Duration Frequency 9 (IDF) Curve Gumbel Theory Distribution Log Pearson Type III Log Normal Distribution Generalized Extreme Value 14 Distribution (GEV) Normal Distribution Function 15

7 viii 2.4 Development of Intensity Duration Frequency 17 Curve (IDF) Fittings Constants Method of Strom Occurrence Interval Method of Developing Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) Fittings Estimation of Fittings Constant Empirical IDF Formula Derivation Development of Intensity Duration Frequency 23 Curve in Malaysia Probability Distribution Goodness of Fits Estimation Methods 24 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction Flow Chart Study Area Data Collection Method of Analysis Developing The Intensity Duration 30 Frequency Curve Finding the Fittings Constant of IDF 32 Curve The Comparison between MSMA 2 32 with Empirical Equations CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction Mean and Standard Deviation Log Normal Distribution Normal Distribution Function Frequency Factor Intensity Log Normal Distribution 39

8 ix Normal Distribution Function Intensity Duration Frequency Curve for 43 Every Station Log Normal Distribution Normal Distribution Function Intensity Duration Frequency Sherman Equation Bernard Equation Different of Intensity Values Between 68 MSMA 2, Sherman Equations and Bernard Equations Log Normal Distribution Normal Distribution Function 79 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 5.1 Background Conclusion Recommendation 91 REFERENCE 92 APPENDICES 95 APPENDIX A Rainfall Data from DID 96 APPENDIX B Rainfall Depth in mm 122 APPENDIX C Rainfall Intensity in mm/hr 134

9 x LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page 2.1 The example parameters obtained by Abha region The example of Gumbel Correction Factor List of Station Number with corresponding name Rainfall Data Sungai Lembing ( ) Descriptive Statistic for Station Sungai Lembing ( ) Descriptive Statistic for Station Sungai Lembing ( )) Frequency Factor based on Return Period Design Rainfall Precipitation for Station Sungai Lembing ( ) 4.6 Design Rainfall Intensity for Station Sungai Lembing ( ) Design Rainfall Precipitation for Station Sungai Lembing ( ) 4.8 Design Rainfall Intensity for Station Sungai Lembing ( ) Slope and y-intercept from IDF curve Stations and locality constants using Log Normal Distribution Stations and locality constants using Normal Distribution Function 4.12 Stations and locality constants using Log Normal Distribution Stations and locality constants using Normal Distribution Function Equations to calculate percentage different of intensity The locality constant from MSMA The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations

10 xi 4.21 The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations The percentage different between methods for Stations

11 xii LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title Page 2.1 Flood occurs at Kuantan in Year An example of IDF curve The Flow Chart of the study The example of IDF curve The location of Pahang, Malaysia The location of Kuantan River Basin IDF curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station

12 xiii 4.19 IDF Curve for Station IDF Curve for Station Graph of log K versus Log T 64

13 xiv LIST OF SYMBOL P Nx Ni n Px Pn N x i PT K S Pave Td P*T P I maximum precipitation Annual rainfall at missing data station Annual rainfall at neighbor station The number neighbor station whose data are used The missing precipitation The precipitation value at n station The total number of record Mean of the sample The frequency precipitation Gumbel frequency Standard deviation of P value The average of the maximum precipitation in a specific duration Duration in hours The frequency precipitation Mean Precipitation Intensity S* Standard deviation of P* value KT T The Pearson frequency factor Return period (years)

14 xv LIST OF ABBREVIATION DID MSMA 2 LP3 LN IDF GEV IPCC Department of Irrigation and Drainage Urban Stormwater Management Manual Second Edition Log-Pearson Type III Log-Normal Intensity-Duration-Frequency Generalized Extreme Value Distribution Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change