VOLUME FIFTY-TWO ISSUE NUMBER SEVEN APRIL

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1 SHARE YOUR KNOWLEDGE VOLUME FIFTY-TWO ISSUE NUMBER SEVEN APRIL 2016 CLUB NEWS Our next General Meeting will be on Saturday, 9 th April, 2016 at 2pm. All members welcome. President s Report March 2016 We have a few travellers on the road currently, some in attendance at the GEMBOREE. We wish them all safe travel. This issue will contain a report about the success of the NDLC competitors this year. Thanks to all who made the effort to compete. We have recently had a number of members with health problems. AS we have become aware, wishes and messages for a quick recovery have been sent. I am sure you all join me in hoping for a quick recovery for all. The kitchen saga continues. First contractor proved too expensive and could not meet time commitments. We have been informed by Hornsby Council staff of a cost saving of about $3K by a second contractor with a beginning early July. Committee has endorsed this option. In respect of our use of the Hall for our exhibition, an inspection of the hall has taken place on 30 th March in order to assess changes likely to affect our layouts, lighting and power and available chairs, tables, trestles and use of kitchen. A couple of issues need clarification but in the main all seems pretty good. A little planning needs to occur around the available tables, while details of where trestles traditionally used are stored needs to be ascertained. Otherwise we may have to purchase, borrow or hire equipment (a small quantity) for our needs. The competition Schedule for exhibition is now available in the clubrooms. As usual a number of copies are marked Not to be Taken, while other copies are to remain as master copies for photocopying. Please use the photocopier as needed. If you use the copier please turn it off before leaving and leave large visible notes if copier consumables need replacing. One of the stationery fairies will attend to replenishment. It would be wonderful to see a large number of entries in this years exhibition. With Junior, novice, intermediate and open competition sections available there must be a niche to suite every member in competition. The competition rules are in conformity to the national standards as in the AFLACA manual, a copy of which is available in the clubrooms, or you can purchase a copy for a few dollars from the clubrooms. The standards are also available on the AFLACA website. Your class supervisor can interpret, explain or advise about the standards for competition, as well as offer a critique of your entry to guide you to best results. Overall, conformity to competition standards will improve your competency, making you the better craftsman. Lastly, the plans are well in place for the 50th anniversary celebrations. Tickets will soon be available from your class instructors or on request via post from committee. A flyer will also accompany this issue of Lapis. I m sure it will be a fun night. Good cutting and making all, Colin Hazell. Random Thoughts I changed my car horn to gunshot sounds. People get out of the way much faster now. I decided to change calling the bathroom the John and renamed it the Jim. I feel so much better saying I went to the Jim this morning. 1.

2 SILVER CASTING WEEKEND Richard Adler and I will be holding a casting weekend on Saturday and Sunday 21 st and 22 nd May. If you wish to attend you need to be able to come on both days. Novices are welcome but you need to do your homework by looking at our web site and bringing the tools shown on the list. When casting silver you are able to achieve fine textures and shapes not possible in constructing. Look around your garden for some interesting leaves e.g. geranium or textured bark or seed pods etc. even small orchid flowers can be translated into silver. The cost of the weekend is $35 which includes investment powder. Sign-up sheet will be on the notice board. Any queries ring me on Jean Macleay ENAMELLING WORKSHOP There is a change of date for the next ENAMELLING WORKSHOP now 9.00am to 4.00pm on Saturday 16th and Sunday 17th April, Could any interested members, experienced and new enamellers, please ring Barbara Try. Tel: Mobile: Please check the notice board for sign up notice. GEMBOREE Ulverstone (Tasmania) 2016 Five members of the NDLC, (Phil Manton, Frances and Lou Sun plus Tony and I) attended the GEMBOREE in Tasmania. The facilities were great and in a very pretty location beside the Leven River. There appeared to be reasonable crowd pass through the hall and although there were not many tailgaters, they seemed to do well and had an interesting mix of materials for sale. A total of 13 NDLC club members competed in various sections of the competition with ten of those members being awarded prizes. Jean Macleay is to be congratulated for taking out the 2. trophy for Hand Fabricated Jewellery with Lapidary Items. Well done Jean. Western Suburbs Lapidary Club should also be congratulated for once again winning the Ray Powell Trophy for Champion Club. Barbara Try FOSSICKING TRIP TO TUENA 14 th to 17 th April 2016 What could be better than panning for gold under the guidance of an experienced gold prospector! At Nundle last November, John Stanfort kindly offered to guide us to the best spots around Tuena where he has been prospecting for many year. No more wondering aimlessly in the bushes and creeks! The GOOD news about accommodation is that there are 5 rooms in Trunkey Creek $50 per night, which can be booked directly on ph: Trunkey Creek is only 28km north of Tuena. Caravans or tents can camp at The Tuena Camping and Picnic Ground located next to the pristine Tuena Creek (with potential trout???). Fees $10 per night with power and $5 without power which can be paid for at the Parsons General Store at Tuena, they do not take bookings. (Pet friendly) Tuena is located about 4hours drive from Sydney, 85km south of Bathurst or 106km north of Goulburn on the Bathurst Crookwell Road. Looking forward to a good attendance of prospectors and big nuggets all around. Anyone hoping to take part on this trip, please write your name on the list on the Club s noticeboard. Meeting John at the camp grounds on Thursday 14 th April at 10am. John can only stay two to three days. We can be contacted on mob: or e- mail: reettatahka@optusnet.com.au See you there, JOE and REETTA

3 CLUB FLEECY JACKETS Winter will shortly be upon us so I am asking for expressions of interest in purchasing the blue club jackets. You can have the polo top or one with an open front zipper. All will have the club logo on the left breast. Last year they were $45 but may be more this year. My is macleayj@bigpond.com. An answer is not a firm commitment to purchase. Jean Macleay REMINISCENCES FROM OUR EARLY DAYS This is not a history but rather random memories particularly about the people who founded this club, formulated its Constitution and By-Laws, built our club rooms and lapidary machinery and more than anything framed its character. We started fifty years ago with no club room, machinery or any sort of infra-structure. The first meeting was made up of a few folk, passionate about Lapidary whose interest was sparked by evening classes at Eastwood. So imagine these few folk digging out the dirt around the foundations of Carlingford Court and taking it away in wheelbarrows. Some of the ladies dug and some provided sumptuous meals to keep the workers happy. A wonderful camaraderie developed between these beginning members over these hours of toil. Sad to say the only persons still alive from these members of the first twelve months are Marie Hansen, now in a nursing home, and Claire and Ron Schofield who have lived for many years near Allora, very near where Brian and Barbara Bokenham now live. They have caught up with one another! I joined the club at the end of this first twelve months at the same time as Alice Oxley. We joined because we were keen to attend the geology class to be given by Claire Schofield. But of course once one s interest was kindled in the mystery of rocks one has to start cutting and that of course meant Ken Bennett s cab class. These were wonderful nights, the machinery was just at the stage of completion. The men had built it out of ingenious use of bits and pieces. Rob Macdougall with his wife Anne and daughter Deidre had joined by this time and also Jack and Margaret Turner. There was no Gem and Lapidary Council at that time and no standard had been set for cutting. Maybe this 3. wasn t a bad thing as we were inclined to cut to whatever shape and size the stone dictated. In those days beautiful Agate Creek agate was plentiful, as was beautiful ribbon stone. One can only cut so many stones before you wonder what to do with them. Up stepped Ron Thomas, a dental mechanic, who had dabbled in jewellery making and volunteered to start a class. Again Alice Oxley and I stepped up to the mark. Thus I began the craft for which I have never lost my passion. And then the roof fell in, literally. Carlingford Court was to be enlarged and we had to begin again. We were without a club room for some time. We met for monthly meetings and field trips. I was librarian at the time and our library was on a trolley which I took to the meetings for members to exchange books and the rest of the time it resided in our living room. Committee Meetings were held in the homes of its members. I can remember many fiery meetings around the issues of the time. The first to do with our Constitution and in particular the Club s attitude towards commercial undertakings by its members, and the second was whether we were in favour of the formation of a G & L Council. Late nights and strong words were common. Eventually we found new space but again it had to be dug out and resurfaced, our present rooms used to be a chook display area. Characters from these early times include Don Hudson. Our records do not show him as our first President. But our official first President lasted only a whisker in the scheme of things and it was Don s determination and ability to deal with the necessary officials that got us off the ground. Roy Attenborough was our first Cutting Room Supervisor. He was a marvelous innovator. Ken Bennett a most enthusiastic teacher, taught us to cut large flat cabs and why bother polishing the back, you weren t going to see it anyway. Ken shone as a Field Trips Officer. He would stand up at meetings and sell the forthcoming field trip with such gusto that we all flocked to the site ready to make our fortune. Which we didn t of course but in those days you could still find lots of zircons, sapphires and gold at Oberon, Nundle and Ebor. I well remember the general meeting whilst we were still at Carlingford where Ron Schofield stood up and said that if we considered we had come of age it was time to have our first exhibition. We held this at Pennant Hills and as

4 was usual we went into the preparation with enthusiasm. We considered that any exhibitions we had seen to date lacked sufficient lighting, so we made this Hills Hoist sort of thingy which stood in the centre of the hall and carried many watts of lighting. Above this was a dodecahedron painted by Ron with a map of the world. The central octagonal arrangement of showcases originated at that time. Many of the men had electrical expertise and Harry Eastwood made showcases for us all. We were thrilled with our success but it was decided at that time that in order to avoid burn-out we would only have our exhibitions every two years. This decision has proved to be very wise. gave us a demo of this method. This was the red hot metal flask filled with glowing investment and molten silver on top. You then put this in a sling and swung it around! None of us got killed that way either. May Wybrow and I went for many Saturdays over to Crows Nest to learn casting by the method we now use. Exhibition 1984 Roy and Mif Attenborough (she was our first Treasurer) and Ron Thomas and his wife decided to jointly purchase a pastoral property near Gunnedah. We fare welled them with a party (we were at Beecroft by then) wondering whether such disparate folk would make a go of it. Sadly they didn t. When Ron left I took on his job of jewellery teacher. We also had many workshops with professional teachers. George Eisenberg was one of the tutors. He came a few times and taught us many wonderful tips. We also tried many ways to cast jewellery. We started preparing our flasks as we do now and when they came out of the kiln we would stand the flask on an asbestos mat and melt the silver in the entrance to the sprue with our gas torch and then force it into the mould with a lid packed with wet asbestos. The water in the asbestos turned to steam and did the job. None of us has asbestosis. Yet! Then we tried vacuum casting. Harry Eastwood, at that time the President, was very keen on this method. We all went down to some man at Croydon who gave us a demo and sold us a gadget, but it was only really good for base metal with a low melting temperature. Then we tried swinging it around our head. A man from Windsor came and 4. Splicing up at casting workshop 1992 But I digress. I haven t yet mentioned Joe and May Pascoe. They were a lovely gentle couple. Joe was a great opal cutter. Which brings me to Dorothy and Bill Johnson. Dot was also a great opal cutter. Alex and Tup Campbell were also wonderful club members who participated in all club activities. Alex taught cab cutting for years and years also faceting. Reggie and Grace Henderson were also great members and cleaned the club for many years. Gracie and Reg had worked hard all their lives and it wasn t until retirement that Gracie discovered that she was an artist. She executed the most wonderful copper shim pictures. My boys still have the vintage car pictures she did for them. Let s not forget May and Dick Wybrow who like all those above came to lapidary on their retirement and discovered how wonderfully gifted they were, and were selfless in passing on their knowledge. Jack Turner was our first faceting teacher and taught for many, many years. Flo and Harry Lovell were great teachers when they came on the scene and of course Ron Field. Enamelling was a big thing in our club for many years and our teachers were (I can t remember in what order) Marie Hansen, Barbara Bokenham, Jenny Booker. Again we attended many workshops conducted by professionals to add to our knowledge. Meryl Rae was another of our early members who was skilled in enamelling and jewellery. You will see her husband Eddie on the Life Membership board. A quiet man who never wanted to serve on Committee, Eddie was always

5 there at working Bs with his hand up for any job that needed to be done. To be continued Jean Macleay THE BACK FROM TUSCON SHOW at Turramurra Masonic Hall. This is a member's view of a commercial show What a magnificent display of gems and minerals after their trip to Arizona for the giant Show. Peter and Debbie Beckwith s collection included a formation of Beryl crystals [Aquamarine] on black Schorl Tourmaline of Museum Quality and worth many thousands of dollars down to five dollar split geodes coated with sparkling quartz crystals. The range of gems and minerals was impressive. Glenn Huntley s display included many carved animals and birds, those in Malacite especially eye-catching. The strings of beads included the soft colours of quartz through a rainbow of colour in tourmaline to the intense blue of Lapis Lazuli. The colour continued through the faceted gem stones, many in pairs suitable for earrings. Lots of interesting cabbing rough and gem rough was augmented by boules of man-made gems and synthetic gem rough. A Jewellery Designer, Rachelle Juter of Turramurra , displayed a range of silver jewellery with many pieces including natural crystal formations which were invariably asymmetrical. The Back From Tuscon Show will be on again at Turramurra Masonic Hall in March 2017 Bench Tips by Brad Smith PRE-MADE BEZEL CUPS As a general rule of thumb I assume it's going to take me minutes to make a bezel for an ordinary cabochon, so for some projects buying pre-made cups can save a lot of time. But if you go this route, keep in mind three things. First, try to get cups made from fine silver, not sterling. Fine silver is softer and burnishes over the stone more easily. limited number of standard sizes. You may have to adjust your choice of gemstone to match the cup. The other consideration is that pre-made cups often have fairly low side walls. While these are fine for low-dome stones, they're not dependable for stones with steep side walls. Lastly before setting, check the fit of your gemstone in the cup, particularly around the bottom. The bottom corners of a stamped cup are much more rounded than a bezel you would fabricate yourself. This causes a problem with stones that have a sharp edge around the bottom. Burnishing the bezel over one of these stones will place a lot of stress on the stone and may cause it to crack. To avoid this, I round off the bottom edge of the stone with a diamond file (or use sandpaper on soft stones). "Bench Tips for Jewelry Making" and "Broom Casting for Creative Jewelry" are available on Amazon HOW TO TELL THE SEX OF A FLY A woman walked into the kitchen to find her Husband stalking around with a fly swatter What are you doing She asked. Hunting Flies He responded. Oh! Kill any? She asked. Yep, 3 males, 2 females, he replied. Intrigued, she asked. How can you tell them apart? He responded, 3 were on a beer can, 2 were on the phone. Second, you may have trouble matching the shape and size of the stone with the shape and size of the bezel cup. Purchased cups can only be found in a 5.

6 NDLC CONTACT INFORMATION NDLC Telephone Number Public Officer Jean Macleay P) Postal Address Secretary Northern Districts Lapidary Club PO Box 59, Beecroft NSW 2119 Northern Districts Lapidary Club acknowledges the support of Hornsby Council. DIRECTORY President Colin Hazell M) E) Vice President Jacqueline Burnett P) E) Secretary Diane Neasmith P) M) E) Treasurer P) E) Minutes Secretary P) E) Sharon Waters-Adler Richard Adler Cutting Room Supervisor Phil Manton P) E) Editor of Lapis Jean Barringham P) E) Education Officer Field Trips Officer VACANT VACANT Social Secretary Coral Briggs M) E) Publicity Officer VACANT Gem Council Delegate Barbara Try P) E) 6. Membership Secretary Nivea Adami P) E) Librarian P) Beverley Molloy Web Master Alex Maitland P) E) NORTHERN DISTRICTS LAPIDARY CLUB INC. at times and dates as published in the calendar in Lapis and on the club s website, holds the majority of its monthly meetings in the Beecroft Community Centre, Beecroft Road, Beecroft at 2pm on the 2 nd Saturday of each month, except January. Any variations in date and time of meetings are published in LAPIS, and on the Club s website. The Entrance to the clubrooms is on the railway side of the building. Membership fees Entrance fees (effective from 01/07/2008) Full Member (aged 18 or more years) $25 Junior Member (10 17 years incl.) $10 Family Concession $40 Annual renewal fees (effective from 01/07/2012) Full member (aged 18 or more years) $22 Junior Member (10 17 years incl.) $11 Class fees (Effective from 01/01/2009) First Class $30 Any Additional Class $25 Casual Use of Machinery $5 Workshop 2-day weekend $25* Workshop 1-day $15* * Plus materials THE CLUB FINANCIAL YEAR IS FROM - JULY 1 ST JUNE 30 TH In case of a person being admitted to membership on or after January 1 st in any Club financial year, the subscription fee that year shall be half the amount. Random Thought I didn t make it to the gym today. That makes five years in a row.

7 CURRENT CLASSES & ACTIVITIES HELD IN CLUB ROOMS Monday 7.30pm 7.30pm 9am Wednesday 10.00am 7.30pm Thursday 7.30pm Saturday 1.00pm CABOCHON CUTTING Instructor: Glenn Brown P) SILVER JEWELLERY Instructor: Johan ten Hoedt P) SILVER JEWELLERY WORKSHOP Contact: Ed Bentley P) SENIORS ALL DAY WORKSHOP Contact: John Andersen P) SILVER JEWELLERY Instructor: Brian Burns P) CABOCHON CUTTING Instructor: Jacqueline Burnett P) FAMILY CLASS Instructor: Colin Hazell M) Class fees: can be paid to your class teacher, as can annual membership fees when due, plus any purchases from the shop. There are waiting lists for some classes. Workshop weekends: Subject, date and requirements will be printed in this newsletter as they occur. Meeting dates for 2016 All meetings are held in the Club rooms at Beecroft pm. General Meetings: 2016 Saturday April 9 th Saturday May pm. 14 th Saturday 9 th July pm Saturday August pm 13 th Saturday September pm 10 th Saturday October pm 8 th Saturday November pm 12 th Saturday 3 rd December 2016 XMAS PARTY Committee Meetings: th April pm 24 th May pm 28 th June pm 26 th July pm 30th August pm 27 th September pm 25 th October pm 29 th November pm Interesting dates for your diary (Bold items are run by your Club) th -17 th April 130 th Hawkesbury Show, Hawkesbury Showground, Clarendon. 16 th -17 th April Enamelling Workshop with Barbara 16 th -17 th April Canberra Lapidary Club Rock Swap. Wagtail Way, Epic. Free 21 st -22 nd May Casting Workshop with Jean and Richard. 28 th -29 th May Canberra Lapidary Club Winter Gemcraft & Mineral Show Mallee Pavilion, Epic 11 th -12 th June Grafton Gem & Craft Show, Grafton Showgrounds, Grafton. 18 th June Northern Districts Lapidary Club 50 th Anniversary 7.

8 9 th -10 th July Campbelltown & District Lapidary Club Gem, Mineral & Jewellery Show 29 th -30 th October Canberra Lapidary Club Spring Gemcraft & Mineral Show-Mallee Pavilion, Epic 6 th -7 th August Sydney Crystal Show at Fraser Park, 100 Marrickville Road Sydney. 20 th -21th August Blaxland Gem & Mineral Club Gem Show Glenbrook Community Hall Glenbrook 1 st -3 rd October GEMKHANA 2016 The Annual Gem & Mineral Show and Competition of NSW Hawkesbury Showground, Clarendon. 8 th -9 th October Central Coast Lapidary Club, Gem and Mineral Festival, at the Mingara Club, Tumbi Umbi. 15 th October Campbelltown & District Lapidary Club Open Day, at Lot 1 Bensley Rd. Maquarie Fields 28 th -30 th October Northern Districts Lapidary Club, Gem and Lapidary Exhibition, Beecroft Community Centre, Beecroft Rd. Beecroft GEMBOREE ULVERSTONE 2016 O-1A-1 - Standard Cabochon - Petrified Wood - C/S 2 ND Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) I-1A-2 - Standard Cabochon - Petrified Wood - C/S HC Jacqueline BURNETT (Nthn Districts) N-1A-3 - Standard Cabochon - Petrified Wood - C/S 1 st John BELL (Nthn Districts) J-1A-4 - Standard Cabochon - Any Material - C/S 2 nd Jared LIM (Nthn Districts) I-1A-6 - Standard Cabochon - Any Material AA 2 nd Honway LOUIE (Nthn Districts) rd Honway LOUIE (Nthn Districts) HC Jacqueline BURNETT (Nthn Districts) N-1A-7 - Standard Cabochon - Any Material AA 1 st Honway LOUIE (Nthn Districts) nd Jorma TAHKA (Nthn Districts N-1B-7 - Fancy Cabochon - Any Material AA 3 rd Reetta TAHKA (Nthn Districts) N-2A-3 - Double Standard Cabochon - Agate - C/S 8. From the Editor s Desk Please send Jean Barringham contributions for LAPIS. I am interested in articles that would be enjoyed by one and all Phone: jeanbham@optusnet.com.au DISCLAIMER: Opinions expressed in LAPIS are those of the original Authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Editor, Committee or Members of the Northern Districts Lapidary Club Inc. Persons acting on any opinions, advice or facts published in this issue do so at their own risk. Please note that the April 2016 edition of LAPIS was edited, collated, formatted and distributed by NDLC s Editor of Lapis, Jean Barringham, with contributions by and Colin Hazell, Jean Macleay, Barbara Try, Reetta and Joe Tahka.

9 1 st Honway LOUIE (Nthn Districts) rd John BELL (Nthn Districts) HC John BELL (Nthn Districts) O Free Form - Any Material - C/S 3 rd Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) O Free Form - Solid Opal - C/S 2 nd Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) rd Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) N-5A-3 - Carving Fully 3 Dimensional - Any Hardness 3 rd Jorma TAHKA (Nthn Districts) I-8B-2 - Stnd Brilliant - Faceted Girdle - Aust Topaz 2 nd Peter McINTOSH (Nthn Districts) I-9A-2 - Std Oblong Step Cut with Cut/Crns - Aust Topaz 2 nd Peter McINTOSH (Nthn Districts) N-12A-3 - Tumbled Stones-Pre form Group of 3-3 Diff Material 3 rd Reetta TAHKA (Nthn Districts) N-12B-2 - Tumbled Stones-Natural Shape Set of 3-Any Material 3 rd Reetta TAHKA (Nthn Districts) HC Reetta TAHKA (Nthn Districts) O Polished Face - Flat Surface - Any Material AA 1 st Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) nd Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) N Polished Face - Curved Surface - Any Material AA Special Award Reetta TAHKA (Nthn Districts) N Gem Tree - Single Tree 2 nd Lou SUN (Nthn Districts) I Novelty Gemcraft Special Award Lou SUN (Nthn Districts) O-18B-1 - Hand Fab Jwlry with Lap items Cut/set by entrant 1 st Jean MACLEAY (Nthn Districts) HC Jean MACLEAY (Nthn Districts) I-18B-3 - Hand Fab Jwlry with Lap items Cut/set by entrant 2 nd Honway LOUIE (Nthn Districts) rd Honway LOUIE (Nthn Districts)

10 N-18B-4 - Hand Fab Jwlry with Lap items Cut/set by entrant 1 st Honway LOUIE (Nthn Districts) rd John BELL (Nthn Districts) N-21A-2 - Cast Jwlry using Comm Wax Models No Lap/Foss/Min HC Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) O-24A-1 - Enamelled Jewellery in Hand Fabricated Setting 2 nd Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) N-24A-2 - Enamelled Jewellery in Hand Fabricated Setting HC Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) O Comm Mount Jwlry with Lap Items Cut/set by entrant HC Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) N Comm Mount Jwlry with Lap Items Cut/set by entrant HC John BELL (Nthn Districts) O-26A-1 - Enamelled Jewellery in Commercial Mount 3 rd Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) HC Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) O-26B-1 - Enamelled Jewellery without Mount 1 st Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) rd Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) N-26B-2 - Enamelled Jewellery without Mount 2 nd Jacqueline BURNETT (Nthn Districts) O-26C-1 - Enamelling Non Jewellery Functional 3 rd Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) HC Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) O-32A-1 - Fossil Non Display - Invertebrate Australian HC Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) O-34A-4 - Mineral Non Disp-Any Aust. Crystal Cluster Cabinet HC Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) O-34B-4 - Mineral-Grp of 3 Aust. Thumbnail Crystal Clusters HC Barbara TRY (Nthn Districts) Trophy AT 11 Winner: A & E Metal Merchants Trophy Handmade Jewellery with Lapidary Items Section O 18B-1 Jean Macleay 10.