C T F. Folded Letter: New York to Wohlen, Switzerland, 15 August letter sent unpaid Basel debit to Canton of Aargau postage due in Wahlen

Transcription

1 Sailing Packets via France Prior to 1849 C T F ~:a.?:/.//,j Folded Letter: New York to Wohlen, Switzerland, 15 August 1842 Ship; Ville de Lyon Union line of Havre Sailing Packets New York, August 1842 Havre, 11 September kreuzer 48 kreuzer Basel debit to Canton of Aargau postage due in Wahlen Letter taken directly to ship letter bag in New York and not entered in U.S. postal system. Basel marked 39 kreuzer debit to Canton of Aargau (Argovie), 30 kreuzer to France and 9 kreuzerto Basel for 7Y2-10 gram letter. In Canton of Aargau, 9 kreuzer internal postage was added and the letter was marked for a postage due of 48 kreuzer. French exchange office of Huningue marked the red C.T.F. handstamp to indicate that the letter was from the colonies and was transiting through France, a marking that was introduced in A letter via England would have been marked A.T.F.

2 Sailing Packets via France Prior to 1849 \, \ I I Folded letter: Now York to Wahlen, Switzerland, 7 January 1843 Albany Union Line of Havre Sailing Packets New York, 8 January 1843 Havre, 30 January kreuzer 34 kreuzer Basel debit to Canton of Aargau postage due in Wahlen Letter taken directly to ship letter bag in New York and not entered in U.S. postal system. Basel marked 26 kreuzer debit to Canton of Aargau (Argovie), 20 kreuzer to France and 6 kreuzer to Basel for single rate letter. In Canton of Aargau 8 kreuzer internal postage was added and the letter was marked for a postage due kreuzer. French exchange office of Huningue marked the red C.T.F. handstamp to indicate that the fetter was from the colonies and was transiting through France.

3 Sailing Packets via France Prior to 1849.; ~6/~ &~6<, tc://~;l,aj/'7/...,...; ~.ue Folded Letter: New York to Wahlen, Switzerland, 14 February 1846 Duchesse V'Orleans Union line of Havre Sailing Packets New York, 16 February 1846 Havre, 2 March kreuzer 24 kreuzer Basel debit to Canton of Aargau postage due in Wahlen Noles: letter taken directly to ship letter bag in New York and not entered in U.S. postal system. French marked letter a double rate, which meant 1X times the single rate. Basel marked 16 kreuzer debit to Canton of Aargau (Argovie), 10 kreuzer to France and 6 kreuzer to Basel (1'h x -10 kr = 16 kr.). In Canton of Aargau, 6 kreuzer internal postage was added and the letter was marked for a postage due of 24 kreuzer.

4 u. S. - SWitzerland Postal Treaties Sailing Packets via France 1849 /.-,.-L;1 ~ip~ ~~v~/1- Folded letter: St Louis, Missouri to Somerhalder, Canton luceme, Switzerland, 13 June 1849 Baltimore Union Line of Havre Sailing Packets New York, 1 July 1848 Havre, 23 July kreuzer 22 kreuzer prepaid for inland fee to New York Basel debit to Canton of Lucerne postage due in Somerhalder Notes' 51. Louis marked the handstamp PAID- over the manuscript PART Since letter paid only to New York, the postmaster there put it on a Havre sailing packet as an unpaid letter. Letter entered Switzerland at Basel where it was marked for 16 kreuzer debit to the Canton of lucerne for French and Basellransil fees. Lucerne marked 20 kreuzer due for accumulated transit fees and 22 kreuzer postage due at destination.

5 British Contract Steamship via G.B Feb 49-1 Jul 50 Folded Letter: Chillicothe, Ohio to Hossenruck, Canton of Thurgau, Switzerland, France, 8 July 1849 Niagara British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) New York, 25 July 1849 Liverpool, 6 August gulden 59 kreuzer paid for double U.S. inland fee to New York postage due In Hossenruck Letter paid 2 x 10 = 20 for double inland postage to New York (%-1 oz.) Since letter sufficiently paid to go in the British open mail (2 x 5 = 1O ) it was placed on next British packet. london marked COLONtES/&c,ART.13 handstamp to indicate U.K. debit to France of 3 shilling 4 pence per 30 grams bulk letter weight under leiter bill article 13. At ZOrich letter marked for 100 kreuzer accumulated transit fees to ZOrich and 108 kreuzer accumulated transit fees to Canton Thurgau. Postag,e due at destination marked as 1 gulden 59 kreuzer or 119 kreuzer.

6 British Contract Steamship via G.B Feb 49-1 Jul50 Folded Letter: New York to Wahlen, Switzerland, 16 October 1849 Canada British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) New York, 13 June 1849 Liverpool, 25 June kreuzer prepaid for BriUsh Open Mail rate by British packet postage due at Wahlen Letter paid 5 British open mail rate by British packet. London debited France 3s4d per 30 grams bulk letter weight under accounting letter bill Article 13. Postage due at destination was 38 kreuzer or 95 rappen. French received 12 decimes or -85 rappen. Swiss added 10 rappen for Swiss internal postage 10 second rayon.

7 British Contract Steamship via G.B Feb 49-1 Jul50 I - Folded Letter: New Orleans to Portein, Canton GraubUnden, Switzerland, 7 November 1849., Cambria British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) Boston, 21 November 1849 Liverpool, 3 December bluzger prepaid for British Open Mail rate by British packet postage due at Portein Letter prepayment covered transit charge to British steamship in New York harbor. From there, letter was unpaid. London debited FranGe 3s4d per 30 grams bulk letter weight under accounting letter bill Article 13. Letter entered France at Calais. French marked letter for 15 decimes postage due. Later, it was realized this letter was to go to Switzerland (emphasis provided by magenta ink) and letter sent to Basel where it was marked letter for 42 kreuzer postage due. At Canton Graubunden the currency in use was bluzger currency, which was 1Y2 times the kreuzer currency; therefore, the letter was marked at Chur for 63 bluzger postage due.

8 US. - SWitzerland Postal Treaties British Contract Steamship via G.B Feb 49-1 Jul5Q Folded Letter: New York to Wahlen, Switzerland, 5 March 1850 America British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) Boston, 6 March 1850 Liverpool. 19 March kreuzer prepaid for British Open Mail rate by British packet postage due at Wahlen Letter paid 5 British open mail rate by British packet london debited France 3s4d per 30 grams bulk letter weight under accounting letter bill Article 13. Postage due at destination was 38 kreuzer or 95 rappen. French received 12 decimes or -85 rappen. Swiss added 10 rappen for Swiss internal postage to second rayon.

9 British Contract Steamship via G.B Feb 49-1 Jul50 Envelope: Geneva to Middletown, Connecticut, 30 April Hibernia British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) Uverpool. 4 May 1850 Boston. 17 May decimes 5t prepaid for all transit fees to U.S. (manuscript on reverse) postage due at Middletown Letter prepayment of 13 decimes (Geneva currency or about 90 Swiss rappen) covered all transit fees to Boston harbor on the British steamer. Only St, the British Open Mail rate by British packet, remained to be paid and was marked by Boston with a distinctive -5- handstamp.

10 u.s. - Switzerland Postal Treaties American Contract Steamship via G.B JuISO-1 JulS1 Folded LeUer: New York to Wahlen, Switzerland, 12 October 1850 Atlantic New Yor1< & Uverpool United States Mail Steamship Company (Collins Line) New York, 12 October 1850 Uverpool, 24 October t 38 kreuzer prepaid for British Open Mail rate by American packet postage due al Wahlen Prepayment of 21 hastily written in pencil at New Vork post ottice, looking like a large letter OW: Swiss postage due in German-speaking Canton of Argovie was 38 kreuzer (95 rappen), the postage to the second rayon for mails from England via France.

11 u.s. - Switzerland Postal Treaties British Contract Steamship via G.B Ju150-1 Jul51, Envelope: Naw York to Gan.va, 5 May 1851 Asia British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) New York. 7 May 1851 Uverpool, 17 May 1851 Rat.: 5 26 decimes prepaid for British Open Mail rate by British packet postage due at Geneva Prepayment in pencil, lower left, for retter weighing less than 1,4 ounce. Geneva marked letter for two rates (check mark upper left) for V.-1,4 ounce letter and postage due of 2x13 decimes = 26 decimes Geneva currency.

12 American Contract Steamship via France Oc150-1 Jul51 Envelope: Berne, Switzerland to Philadelphia, 30 May 1851 Humboldt New York & Havre Steam Navigation Company (Havre Une) Havre, 4 June 1851 New York, 17 June kreuzer 29 prepaid for double rate (manuscript on reverse) postage due at Philadelphia Berne marked letter 10 grams in weight (upper len in red ink) and 2 rates. Swiss postage from the second rayon to the French departure port was 45 rappen and double rate was 90 rappen or 36 kreuzer. U.S. Postal Act of 1845 established 24 American packet rate from the steamship port (New York) and 5e additional postage within 300 miles of the port. This rate was reduced on 1 July The Havre Line made only 7 outgoing and 5 incoming voyages during the 24 rate period. Covers are not common.

13 British Contract Steamship via G.B Jan Dec 54 eft \ V (Reverse) Folded Letter: Berne, Switzerland to Bucyrus, Ohio, 17 June 1851 Africa British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) Liverpool, 21 June 1851 New York, 2 July kreuzer 5 prepaid for all transit fees to U.S. (manuscript on reverse) postage due at Bucyrus Berne marked prepayment of 38 kreuzer (95 rappen) on the reverse in magenta ink which paid all transit fees to U.S. border from second rayon in Switzerland by British mail steamer from Liverpool. letter entered France at the exchange office of Pontarlier (French entry marking applied at Paris). New York marked letter for 5 postage due, the British Open Mail rate by British packet.

14 US. - Switzerland Postal Treaties British Contract Steamship via G. B Ju150-1 Jul ~~~..d_ r..r::~~/~ - - ;>.. /~ R:J: Folded Letter Outer Sheet: Geneva to Society Hill, South Carolina, 17 June 1851., Africa British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) liverpool, 21 June 1851 New York, 2 July decimes 5 prepaid for all transit fees to U.S. (mahuscript on reverse) postage due at Society Hill Letter carried privately to Havre where forwarding agent Alfred Rigot marked letter upper left and posted at the Bureau Maritime. Havre sent letter across the Channel to Southampton, where a circular datestamp was marked on the reverse in yellow orange ink and the double arc FOREIGN PAID handstamp was applied on the front. New York marked the letter for 5 postage due, the British Open Mail rate by British packet The FOREIGN PAID handstamp is seldom seen on transatlantic mails.

15 u.s. - British Postal Treaties 1848 Treaty British Contract Steamship February December 1867,", ~ Envelope w/letter: Zurich, Switzerland to Philadelphia, 1 September 1851 Africa British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) Liverpool, 13 September 1851 New York, 24 September G.B. debit to U.S. 24 postage due in Philadelphia Letter carried privately to London and posted at Lombard Street post office. Instructions to New York exchange office required the office receiving treaty letters "... to re-stamp the letter with its own office stamp...if unpaid, with the amount in black, of the entire postage to be collected.

16 sailing Packets via France Prior to 1868 (Reverse - red) \,I ~~ I' ",,:. f..,' /, '/ LA(] k...y;) ~~ 7""/~~-< Folded letter: Zurich, Switzerland to New York, 19 November 1851 DuchessB d'orleans Union Line of Havre Sailing Packets Havre, 2 December 1851 New York, 8 January kreuzer 6< prepaid for double rate (manuscript on reverse) postage due in New York Letter prepaid 2x45 rappen = 90 rappen (equivalent to 36 kreuzer) for an eight gram letter (manuscript upper left). This paid all transit fee to the French port. The Bureau Maritime at Havre placed letter on a regular sailing packet of the Union Line to New York, where it was marked for a postage due of Get, the incoming ship letter rate to an addressee in the arrival post.

17 u.s. - Switzerland Postal Treaties British Contract Steamship via G.B Jan Dec 54 (Reverse), vii:" ci~ :Jt~.JlYrU, f3(j ~1AA--'/ ~Pf.~fl11 Folded Letter: Berne, Switzerland to Bucyrus, OhIo, 10 February 1852 Africa British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) Depart Uverpool, 14 February 1852 New York, 28 February rappen 5 prepaid for all transit fees to U.S. (manuscript on reverse) postage due at Bucyrus Berne marked letter at 8 grams weight and double rate (manuscript upper left). Letter prepaid 2x135 rappen for all transit fees to U.S. border from second rayon in Switzerland. New York marked letter for 5 postage due, the British Open Mail rate by British packet.

18 Sailing Packets via France Priorto f Folded Letter: lotzwyl, Switzerland to New Orleans, 17 December 1852 {dde KembalJ Sailing Barque Havre, 5 January 1853 New York. 21 February rappen 7 prepaid for single rate (manuscript on reverse) postage due in New Orleans Letter prepaid 65 rappen for rate to French departure port from second Swiss rayon. The Bureau Maritime at Havre placed letter on the Braque Idde Kembaff headed for New York. Here it was marked for a postage due of 7, 2 ship fee plus 5 U.S. inland fee to New Orleans.

19 u. S. - Prussia Postal Treaties U.S.-Prussia Treaty of 1852 American Contract Steamship October December 1867, 'J,.:..,\, \1 Folded Letter: New York to Wahlen, Swltler1and, 7 January 1853 Atlantic New York & Liverpool United States Mail Steamship Company (Collins Line) New York, 8 January 1853 Uverpool, 20 January rappen U.S. debit to Prussia postage due in Wahlen Aachen exchange office marked 45 kreuzer debit 10 Switzerland for transit fees to Swiss border. Swiss added 3 kreuzer internal transit to Wahlen making total postage due 48 kreuzer or 170 rappen.

20 u. S. - Prussia Postal Treaties U.S.-Prussia Treaty of 1852 American Contract Steamship October December 1867 " -- - J.i./ t...,! Envelope: Cincinnati, Ohio, to Magden, Canton Aarg3u, Switzerland, 25 May 1853 Baltic New York & Liverpool United States Mail Steamship Company (Collins line) Depart New York, 28 May 1653 Liverpool. 7 June rappen U.S. debit to Prussia postage due in Magden Cincinnati marked unpaid letter rate of 30 in upper right corner. Aachen exchange office marked 45 kreuzer debit to Switzerland for all lransit fees to the Swiss border from the U S. Swiss added 3 kreuzer internal transit to Magden making total postage due 46 kreuzer, converted to 175 rappen.

21 American Contract Steamship via G.B Jan Dec 54 Envelope: New York to Geneva, 10 September 1853 Hermann Ocean Steam Navigation Company (Ocean Line) New York, 10 September 1853 Southampton, 23 September rappen prepaid for British Open Mail rate by American packet postage due at Wahlen Prepayment written in pencil by New York post office. Once mails put off in the Solent near Southampton, an auxiliary steamer carried them to Havre and the letter never went ashore in England. French entry marking "ETATS-UNIS PAQ.AM.A. le HAVRE" was used on letters carried by Ocean Line steamers to Southampton and then conveyed by auxiliary steamer to Havre. While not a rare marking, it is also not common. Geneva marked letter for 130 rappen, the postage due for letters arriving from steamers to England going to the first Swiss rayon.

22 u. S. - Bremen Postal Treaties U.S.-Bremen Treaty of 1853 American Contract Steamship Direct August November 1858 Is--' \ ~ Envelope: Kirchdorf, Switzerland to Toledo, Ohio, 1 March 1854 Company. Hermann Ocean Steam Navigation Company (Ocean Line) Bremerhaven, 26 March 1854 New York, 14 April postage due at Toledo Although the advertised rate from the U.S. to Switzerland by Bremen mail was 25, letters from Switzerland might cost a little more. This letter originated in second rayon of Switzerland, where Swiss debited Baden 6 kreuzer (2 59r.) for transit fees to Germany. Letter transported over Baden railroad to Frankfurt. where Thurn & Taxis Post added 9 kr. (3 sgr.) for GAPU transit. Thurn & Taxis debited Bremen 12 grate (5 sgr.) for accumulated transit fees. Bremen showed breakdown of unpaid letter fees, 12 European transit and 15 international fees. New York marked letter for 27 postage due, a scarce rate.

23 American Contract Steamship via G.B Jan Dec 54 Folded letter outer sheet: New York to Basel, Switzerland, 13 October 1854 Atlantic New York & Liverpool United States Mail Steamship Company (Collins Line) Depart New York, 14 October 1854 Liverpool, 26 October rappen prepaid for British Open Mail rate by American packet postage due at Basel Prepayment written in pencil, lower left corner by New York post office. Letter sent via london to Calais, France, and then to Switzerland. Basel marked letter for 60 rappen postage due, the rate for a letter taken directly to a French port from overseas and going to the first Swiss rayon. The proper rate for a letter via England was 130 rappen. This is the only letter seen that went to England and was rated "via France."

24 American Contract Steamship via France Dec 54-1 Jan 57 Folded Letter. Charteston. South Carolina to Uster, Switzerland, 22 July 1856 Fulton New York & Havre Steam Navigation Company (Havre line) New York, 26 July 1856 Havre, 9 August rappen prepaid for single rate postage due at Uster letter endorsed "pr Steamer Barcelonelfof Havre," a reference to the French steamship by that name, but sent on the U.S. Havre line steamer leaving three days earlier since 20 American packet rate paid. Postage due was for a letter by American steamship to Havre going to the second Swiss rayon.

25 American Contract Steamship via G.B Dec 54-1 Jan 57 p t»4</./~.!4=!: -t' > Folded letter Outer Sheet: New York to SUifa, Switzerland, 3 October 1856 Washington Ocean Steam Navigation Company (Ocean Line) Depart New York, 4 October 1656 Southampton, 18 October rappen prepaid for British Open Mail rate by American packet postage due at Stafa Prepayment of 21 written in pencil on left side by New York clerk. Zurich clerk marked in bright orange ink, center of letter face, 135 rappen postage due, the amount for letters arriving from steamers to England going to the second Swiss rayon. Many Ocean Line letters were sent directly to Havre from the steamer stop in the Solent off Cowes, Isle of Wight. but this letter was sent to London and Calais as shown by the French entry marking.

26 American Contract Steamship via G.B Dec 54-1 Jan 57 ~'//~{ ~,, Folded Letter Outer Sheet: New York to Stafa, Switzerland, 1 November 1856 Hermann Ocean Steam Navigation Company (Ocean Line) Depart New York, 1 November 1856 Southampton, 17 November rappen prepaid for British Open Mail rale by American packet postage due at Stata Prepayment of 21 written in pencil top center (very difficult to see) by New York clerk. ZOrich clerk marked in bright orange ink, center of letter face, 65 rappen postage due, the amount for letters arriving from American steamers 10 France going to the second Swiss rayon. This lelter was taken direcuy to Havre from the steamer stop in the Solent off Cowes, Isle of Wight. and not to London and Calais. A poor strike of the red French entry marking shows that it was the one used for Ocean line letters sent directly to Havre.

27 British Contract Steamship via G.B Apr 57-1 Jul62 (U.S.-French Treaty)..-.', Folded Letter Outer Sheet: New York to Sufa, Switzerland, 5 May 1857 America British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) Boslon, 6 May 1857 Liverpool. 17 May rappen U.S. debit to France postage due at Stafa Noles: Letter sent unpaid in the French mails. New York marked 2x3 debit to France for a fetter between X - Y, oz. Letter marked in upper left corner for two rales. Swiss marked 2 x 115 rappen = 230 rappen postage due, the double rate by French convention.

28 US. - Switzerland Postal Treaties British Contract Steamship via G.B Apr 57-1 Jul62 (U.S.-French Treaty) I - Folded Letter Outer Sheet: New York to Stata, Switzerland, 20 July 1857 Arabia British & North American Royal Mall Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) New York, 22 July 1857 liverpool, 2 August rappen U.S. debit to France postage due at Stafa Letter sent unpaid in the French mails. New York marked 3 debit to France for a X oz. letter going by British packet to the United Kingdom. Swiss marked 115 rappen postage due for a single rate by French convention.

29 u.s. - Switzerland Postal Treaties British Contract Steamship via G.B Apr 57-1 Jul62 (U.S.-French Treaty) I~ j.. ((..,,JUN 0.-:, ~15 ;:0 )/f_ ~ ~ /~, ". --. J Folded Letter Outer Sheet: St. Louis, Missouri to Couvet, Switzerland, 9 June 1858 America British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) Depart Boston, 16 June 1858 Uverpool, 27 June rappen U.S. debit to France postage due at Couvet Letter sent unpaid in the French mails. New York marked 2x3 debit to France for a letter over V4 oz. (7.09 grams). Swiss marked 115 rappen postage due, the single rate for a letter under 7lh grams.

30 American Contract Steamship to France Apr 57-1 Sui 62 (U.S.-French Treaty) I = Folded letter Outer Sheet New York to Stata, Switzerland, 4 September 1858 Ariel Vanderbilt European Line (Vanderbilt line) New York, 4 September 1858 Havre, 19 September rappen leiter sent unpaid U.S. debit to France postage due at Stafa Letter sent unpaid in the French mails. New York marked 12 debit to France tor a y. oz. letter going by American packet directly to France. Swiss marked 115 rappen postage due for a single rate by French convention.

31 American Contract Steamship to France Apr 57-1 Jul62 (U.S.-French Treaty) Folded Letter Outer Sheet: New York to Geneva, Switzerland, 4 June 1859 Vanderbilt Vanderbilt European Line (Vanderbilt Line) New York. 4 June 1859 Havre. 15 June rappen U.S. debit to France postage due at Geneva Noles: letter senl unpaid in the French mails. New York marked 12 debit 10 France for a Y. oz. letter going by American packet directly to France. Swiss marked 115 rappen postage due for a single rate by French convention.

32 American Contract Steamship via G.B Apr 57-1 Jul62 (U.S.-French Treaty) Folded letter: New York to Stafa, Switzerland, 9 July 1859 Bremen Norddeulscher Lloyd (North German Lloyd Line) New York, 9 July 1859 Southampton, 21 July rappen U.S. debit to France postage due at Stafa Letter sent unpaid in the French mails. New York marked 9 debit to France for a % oz. letter going by American packet to the United Kingdom. Swiss marked 115 rappen postage due for a single rate by French convention.

33 American Contract Steamship via G.B Apr 57-1 Jul62 (U.S.-French Treaty) /' 4:~ ~~. ';.' A_ ~~ /.,,, t. I... 0 ~,, > Folded Letter Outer Sheet: New York to Stata, Switzerland, 1 October 1859 New York Norddeutscher Lloyd (North German Lloyd line) New York, 1 October 1859 Southampton, 13 October rappen U.S. debit to France postage due at Stafa in the French mails. New Vork marked 9 debit to France for a y. oz. letter going by American packet to the United Kingdom. Swiss mal1<ed 115 rappen postage due for a single rate by French convention.

34 u.s. - Switzerland Postal Treaties British Contract Steamship via G.B Apr 57-1 Jul62 (U.S.-French Treaty) Envelope: Mar1lgny, Switzerland to Shakupee, Minnesota, 21 May 1860 Africa British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) Queenstown, 27 May 1860 New York, 8 June French debit to U.S. postage due at Shakupee Letter sent unpaid in the French mails. Paris marked debit to U.S. in manuscript, upper left, for a single rate letter sent by British packet. New York struck the red boxed -6r. service- handstamp (similar markings were sent to each of the exchange offices) to show the contract mail service across the Atlantic, and marked letter for 21 e postage due.

35 British Contract Steamship via G.B Apr 57-1 Jul 62 (U.S.-French Treaty) Folded Letter: New York to Geneva, Switzerland, 3 August 1860 Canada British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) Boston, 8 August 1860 Queenstown, 20 August rappen, U.S. debit 10 France postage due at Geneva Letter sent unpaid in the French mails. It was endorsed to go by the Inman Line steamship Vigo from New York, scheduled to depart on 4 August, but this steamer was not carrying contract mall on the voyage. The North German Lloyd steamer Bremen carried mail from New York on 4 August but apparently this letter was 100 late for that mail; therefore, it had to wait for the next contract mail sailing, which was a British contract steamer from Boston on 8 August Philadelphia marked a 3 debit to France for a X oz. letter going by British packet to the United Kingdom. This debit indicates that Philadelphia made the decision to place the letter in the British mails. Swiss marked 115 rappen postage due for a single rate by French convention.

36 u.s. - Switzerland Postal Treaties British Contract Steamship via G.B Apr 57-1 Jul62 (U.S.-French Treaty) Folded Letter Outer She.t: New York Imler, Swltzertend, 22 May 1861 Africa British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) New York, 22 May 1861 Queenstown, 2 June rappen U.S. debit to France postage due at St. Imiar Letter sent unpaid in the French mails. New York marked 3 debit to France. the only amount of the postage due allowed the U.S. since a British contract steamer carried letter across the Atlantic. Swiss marked 115 rappen postage due. the uniform single rate for contract mail via G. B.

37 u.s. - Switzerland Postal Treaties British Contract Steamship via G.B Apr 57-1 Jul62 (U.S.-French Treaty) - - Envelope: Allort, Switzerland to CIncinnati, Ohio, 21 August 1861 Arabia British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) Queenstown, 25 August 1861 Boslon, 5 September <1 French debit to U.S. postage due at Cincinnati Letter, sent unpaid in the French mails, arrived at Paris having entered France at border entry office of St. Louis just across the French-Swiss border from Basel. Paris marked the large -IS- handstamp, introduced in early 1861, to show debit to U.S. Red Br. Service- handstamp applied at Boston exchange office to show letter carried across the Atlantic on a British contract steamer.

38 u. S. - Hamburg Postal Treaties U.S.-Hamburg Treaty Hamburg Contract Steamship Jul Oct , Envelope: Hottingen. Switzerland to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 17 March 1863 Bavaria Hamburg-Amerikanische Packelfahrt Aktien Geseltschaft (HAPAG) (Hamburg American line) Hamburg, 22 March 1863 New York, 10 April centimes 19 Swiss debit to Hamburg postage due jn Milwaukee Swiss debit to Hamburg written in red pen to the left of the manuscript "19" and looks like the letter MH." Hamburg marked "9/10" in blue pencil to show that the transit fee to Switzerland of 9 and the international rate to Hamburg of 10 were unpaid. The transit fees from Hamburg to Switzerland were also staled in blue pencil as 3X sllbergroschen. Uncommon routing from Switzerland via Hamburg to U.S.

39 American Contract Steamship via G.B Ju162-1 Apr 1868 (U.S.-French Treaty) Folded Letter: Philadelphia to SUifa, Switzerland, 30 July 1863 Hansa Norddeutscher Lloyd (North German Lloyd Line) New York, 1 August 1863 Southampton, 12 Augusl centimes U.S. debit to France postage due at Stata Letter sent unpaid in the French mails. Philadelphia exchange office used a circular datestamp that showed 2 x 9 = 18 debit to France for a letter between Y. - Xi oz. to be carried by American contract packet to the U.K. letter marked by French on left side for two rates. Swiss marked 2 x 110 centimes = 220 centimes postage due, the double rate by French convention from July 1862.

40 u. S. - SWitzerland Postal Treaties American Contract Steamship via G.B Jul 62-1 Apr 68 (U.S.-French Treaty) I I...: -,, Folded Letter. Wildegg, Switzerland to New York, 27 January 1864 City of Manchester liverpool, New York & Philadelphia Steam Ship Company (Inman Une) Queenstown, 4 February 1864 New York, 19 February French debit to U.S. postage due in coin in New York postage due in notes in New York. letter, sent unpaid in the French mails, entering France at St. Louis (marked at Paris), where debit to U.S. marked in manuscript, 3x18 =54. Although leuer endorsed VIa Havre: letter sent via England since there was no steamship from Havre.

41 US. - Switzerland Postal Treaties British'Contract Steamship via G.B Ju162-1 Apr 68 (U.S.-French Treaty) F. 30 c.. /ti:d4 ~.,- ~o/~-=-'--./..v-.-..;;ru-h., - -, (/~ Folded Letter: Philadelphia to Stafa, Switzerland, 31 October 1865 Scotia British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) New York, 1 November 1865 Queenstown, 10 November rappen U.S. debit to France postage due at Slafa in French mails. Since Philadelphia exchange office daleslamp did not show the debit to France, a blue crayon ~3~ was written on the left side. Paris marked boxed F.J30, an accountancy marking under the Franco Swiss Convention of 1865, to indicate letter was treated under letter bill article 30 which required Swiss to pay the French 1 Franc per 30 grams bulk letter rate for unpaid letters from the U.S. Swiss marked letter for 110 rappen postage due. a reduction from 115 rappen in effect since July 1662.

42 u.s. - Switzerland Postal Treaties British Contract Steamship via G.B Ju162-1 Apr 68 (U.S.-French Treaty) F. 30 Folded LeUer: St. Louis, Missouri to Fribourg, Switzerland, 21 April 1866 Asia British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) Boston, 25 April 1866 Queenstown, 6 May rappen U.S. debit to France postage due at Fribourg Letter sent unpaid in French mails. Paris marked boxed F.130, an accountancy marking under the Franco-Swiss Convention of 1865, to indicate letter was treated under letter bill article 30 which required Swiss to pay French 1 Franc per 30 grams bulk letter rate for unpaid letters from the U.S. Swiss marked letter for 110 rappen postage due. a reduction from 115 rappen in effect since July 1862.

43 u. S - Switzerland Postal Treaties American Contract Steamship via G.B Ju162-1 Apr 68 (U.S.-French Treaty) Folded Letter: Amriswil, Switzerland to Aurora, Illinois, 26 May 1867 City ofparis liverpool, New York & Philadelphia Steam Ship Company (Inman Line) Queenstown, 30 May 1867 New York, 9 June leller sent unpaid French debit to U.S. postage due in coin in New York postage due in notes in New York Letter, sent unpaid in the French mail, entering France at St. Louis (marked at Paris). The Paris debit of 12 is a faint black handslamp undemeath the New York datestamp, which shows postage at the top in coin and at the bottom in depreciated greenback notes.

44 U.S.-Switzerland Treaty of 1867 Contract Steamship via G.B Apr 68-1 May 70 VIA OSTENDE Envelope: Montreux, Switzerland to Charleston, South Carolina, 26 July 1868 Russia British & North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (Cunard Line) Queenstown. 2 August 1868 New York, 11 August postage due in coin at Charleston (not shown) postage due in notes at Charleston Blue hotel marking probably indicates letter posted in mail box at hotel whose employees took letter across Lake Geneva to Geneva. Basel, the Swiss exchange office. marked "VIA OSTENDE" to show letter was being sent in closed mails via Belgium and England, and placed letter in a closed mail bag for New York. New York marked postage due which included 5 unpaid letter fine.

45 u.s. - Switzerland Postal Treaties U.S.-Switzerland Treaty of 1870 Contract Steamship via G.B May 70-1 Jul 75 Envelope: New York to Frlbourg, Swltzer1and, 28 May 1873 Idaho Liverpool & Great Western Steamship Company Limited (Guion Line) New York, 28 May 1873 Queenstown, 7 June rappen postage due in Fribourg Letter originated in Swiss Consulate of New York (consulate seal marking in blue across backflap), and was sent unpaid. "VIA OSTEN DE- routing marked at Basel exchange office and postage due of 70 rappen, which included single treaty rate of 50 rappen plus 20 rappen unpaid letter fine.

46 U.S.-Switzerland Treaty of 1874 Contract Steamship via G.B May 74-1 Jul 75..-, ",.. Postal Card: Bern, Switzerland to Cleveland, Ohio, 1 September 1874 Goethe Deutsche Transatlanlische Dampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft (Eagle Line) Hamburg, 3 September 1874 New York, 15 September centimes prepaid for postal card The 1874 Treaty permitted postal cards to be exchanged between the two countries if fully paid 2 in the U.S. or 10 centimes in Switzerland. An centimes dark brown adhesive, Scott No. 43, was added to this 5 centimes postal card to make the proper rale. Carrier service in Cleveland was indicated by the blue circular CARRIER date-stamp on the reverse. Pre-GPU postal cards from or to Switzerland are quite uncommon as their use was for 14 months only.

47 U.S.-Switzerland Treaty of 1870 Contract Steamship via G.B May 70-1 Jul75.~ Envelope: Geneva to Washington, D.C., 3 November 1874 City of London Liverpool, New York & Philadelphia Steamship Company (Inman Line) Queenstown, 6 November 1874 New York, 18 November postage due in coin in Washington (not shown) postage due in notes in Washington Basel marked VIA OSTENDE to show routing through Belgium and England and placed letter in closed mail bag for New York, where it was marked for 16 postage due in depreciated greenback currency. Postage due included a S unpaid letter fine.