The Postal Stationery of East Africa and Uganda Protectorates By George T. Krieger with Victoria Archard, Peter Chantry and Wayne Menuz
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1 The Postal Stationery of East Africa and Uganda Protectorates By George T. Krieger with Victoria Archard, Peter Chantry and Wayne Menuz The British East Africa Post Office was amalgamated with that of Uganda on 1 April Initially it was decided to maintain separate accounts for both Uganda and British East Africa, thus, when Uganda officially became part of the UPU on 1 September 1901 half anna and 2½ annas stamps of British East Africa had to be overprinted UGANDA to provide stamps for the foreign postal rate of 2½ annas per half ounce. Prior to this Uganda had neither registered mail nor postal stationery. Approximately concurrent with the issue of the overprinted stamps in February 1902 overprinted postal stationery of British East Africa was issued. In July 1903 stamps inscribed East Africa and Uganda Protectorates (EA&UP) were issued, effectively ending the dual accounting. Queen Victoria had died on January 22, 1901, thus a new design was required for the EA&UP indicium. The portrait of King Edward VII, the new monarch was chosen for the stamps and stationery. Changes in currency, monarchs and postal rates drove changes to the stationery over the life of the EA&UP postal administration until 1922 when stationery was issued with the name changed to Kenya and Uganda. 1 East Africa Postal Administrations The initial postal stationery issues, in , included 4 postal cards (Inland and UPU and their respective Reply versions), 2 wrappers, 2 Registered Letter Envelopes sizes and one envelope. In 1907 the currency was changed necessitating revision of the postal stationery; however only one wrapper was issued in the new currency and (strangely) the Registered Letter Envelopes (RLEs) in the new currency are not known used until The chart of the relationships of the postal administrations in East Africa has been simplified for presentation. The short lived experimental Indian post office in Zanzibar , the German post offices in Lamu and Zanzibar, the French post office in Zanzibar, and various postal services in German East Africa during and shortly after WWI have not been included. 2 Dates used are actually the earliest recorded postmarks. Issue dates are not known. 1
2 Although King Edward VII passed away on May 6, 1910 it was not until 1912 that stationery with a portrait of the new monarch, King George V, was issued. Postal rate changes drove the final stationery changes. Currency The original currency of the Protectorates was an Indian scheme of annas and rupees. On April 1, 1907 currency was changed from the Indian scheme (16 annas = I Rupee) to a decimal scheme of cents and rupees (100 cents = 1 Rupee). After World War I the rupee coin s value as silver bullion was approximately 2.75 times the face value. A new currency was introduced on 1 January 1922 of 100 cents per East African shilling, where the shilling was valued at 2 rupees. (Just to add confusion the replacement of the rupee with a florin was approved 26 April 1920 and became effective 21 July but no stamps were issued in this currency where 1 florin = 1 rupee. Florin coins were minted but pulled from circulation in The shilling actually superseded the florin.) The initial stationery was valued in annas. Thus a change to cents necessitated revision of the postal stationery; however only one wrapper was issued in the new currency (3 cents) and the Registered Letter Envelopes (RLEs), in the new currency, are not known used until The conversion from annas to cents required a rounding down to result in 3 and 6 cent values (1 anna equals 1/16 of a rupee or 6.25 cents). The registration fee, 2 annas, equals 12.5 cents but was rounded down to 12 cents. The change in currency to shillings was implemented along with a change from EA&UP to Kenya and Uganda, reflecting the change in status of Kenya from a Protectorate to Crown Colony. Some of the postal stationery was sold at a premium over face value 4 (the same as modern USA stationery) to recover costs. In 1914 the postal cards were being sold at face value but the 6 cent embossed envelopes sold for 7 cents and 3 cent wrappers for 4 cents. The 2 annas F size RLE sold for cents while the H size sold for cents. With the currency change on 1 January 1922 the stationery was sold at twice face value (possibly plus a supplement similar to the aforementioned) until the new stationery was available with the change to Kenya and Uganda in the inscription. Monarch King Edward VII passed away on May 6, It was not until 1912 that stationery with a portrait of the new monarch, King George V, was issued. Postal Rates Date Postal cards Letters Newspapers Registration Implemented Inland UPU Inland Empire UPU July 1903 ½ a 1 a 1a / oz 1a / ½ oz 2 ½ a / ½ oz 1/2a / 2oz. 2a 1 Oct c 6c 6c / oz 6c / oz 15c / oz.(9c add oz.) 3c / 2 oz. 12c 1 April c / ½ oz 25c 1 April c 10c / ½ oz 3c 25c 1 Jan c 15c 20c/oz (15c/add oz) 30c /oz.(15c add oz) 10c 30c 3 The Official Gazette of the East Africa Protectorates, July 21, 1920 page Cost of Postal Stationery by Vicki Archard pub. Bulletin of the East Africa Study Circle Vol 14 No 93 pg The Official Gazette of the East Africa Protectorates, September 15, 1907 page The Official Gazette of the East Africa Protectorates, February 1916, pages The Official Gazette of the East Africa Protectorates, March 1919, pages 220,221 & The Official Gazette of the East Africa Protectorates, January 1922, pages 30 & 31 2
3 Essays and Proofs In 1976 Robson Lowe conducted an auction of British East Africa items from the De La Rue archives. The EA&UP postal stationery items included were: Stationery Type Post Card Wrapper Envelope Registered Letter Envelope Description Indicium Dated Lot No. ½ anna green as issued 24 Dec anna red post card with hand painted value tablets 24 Dec ½ anna green as issued anna as issued but with hand painted value tablets KE VII 1157 The unissued non-embossed design with hand painted figure 27 Mar at upper corners 2 annas, complete envelope with hand painted value tablets 24 Mar Photographic proof with uncleared value tablets and hand 17 Jun painted Postage & at top and Registration at bottom KG V Printed proof in blue with hand painted 31c value tablets Lot 1150 Lot 1151 Lot 1152 From the auction listings we learn that essays for the florin currency were created in the autumn of 1920 after the change in both the currency and the political status of East Africa, by An ORDER OF COUNCIL at the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 11th day of June : From and after the coming into operation of this Order the said territories shall be annexed to and form part of His Majesty's Dominions and shall be known as the Colony of Kenya. The essays were not approved but the design on right, with changes, was used for the Kenya and Uganda stamps issued in The Official Gazette of the East Africa Protectorates, July 23,
4 Registered Letter Envelopes While changes to the cards, wrappers and envelopes are straight forward (value, indicium, portrait) the Registered Letter Envelopes are more complex. The RLEs were produced by De La Rue and included an inscription under the flap that had three versions: THOS. DE LA RUE & CO.. THOS. DE LA RUE & CO. PATENT. THOS. DE LA RUE & CO. LTD. PATENT. The initial issue in 1904 included two sizes 10, F (133 mm x 83 mm) and H (202 mm x 127 mm). Both had indicia valued at 2 annas, the fee for registration. The Indicia were ultramarine while the text was grey and later ultramarine. Formula registration envelopes (everything but the indicium) were mass produced by DLR in colors varying from a dark greenish-grey and grey-blue to ultramarine. When later taken for printing the indicium old and new printings of the formulas were taken at random, since they theoretically were all the same. Studies of other countries have shown there is no time line of use of the formula envelopes. It is assumed that a large quantity of the 2 annas RLEs were purchased by the EA&UP postal administration since RLEs in the new currency have not been seen used until The RLEs issued in the new currency, 18 cents, had two versions of the indicium: one with REGISTRATION on the top and FEE on the bottom and a second with POSTAGE & on top and REGISTRATION below. The RLE with Registration Fee only was probably done in error while the second version was properly meant to cover both the registration fee, 12 cents, and the single weight letter postage of 6 cents. In 1916 the registration fee was increased to 25 cents. In 1917 new RLEs, valued at 31 cents, were introduced to cover the increased fee and the letter rate of 6 cents. With the denomination change to 31 cents sizes F & H were discontinued and only a size G issued (152 mm x 96 mm) 11. The wording in the box for placement of the stamp was changed from The stamp to pay the postage must be placed here. (Type A) to Stamp in payment of any extra postage to be placed here. (Type B). The font was also changed to italic. Type A Type B In 1920 a new RLE, denominated at 35 cents, was introduced, reflecting the postage rates implemented in The indicium color was changed to green; the wording in the box for the stamp came in two versions, Type A and Type B. The wording of the first line below REGISTERED LETTER, on the front, 10 Letter sizes were official size designations of Great Britain for RLEs and used by the Crown Agents for ordering RLEs for the colonies. 11 The 31c RLEs overprinted GEA for use in conquered German East Africa were size F. 4
5 was changed from THIS LETTER MUST BE GIVEN TO AN OFFICER OF THE POST TO THIS LETTER MUST BE GIVEN TO AN OFFICER OF THE POST OFFICE. (The word OFFICE was added to the first line.) Thus the wording became the same as had been used all along for the H size envelopes. The following shows the relationship between the postal rates and the Registered letter Envelopes denomination (in the then current currency): Date Implemented Letter Rate Registration Fee RLE Date 12 RLE Denomination Registration Fee + Letter rate July a 2a a 3a 1 Oct c 12c a 13 18c c 18c c 18c 1 April c 25c 31c c 31c 1 April c 25c 35c c 35c 1 Jan c 30c 35c 50c RLE Indicium Wording Registration Fee Postage & Registration 12 Earliest year of Usage 13 2 annas envelopes were declared to be equivalent to 12 cents in The Official Gazette of the East Africa Protectorates, February 1916, pages The Official Gazette of the East Africa Protectorates, March 1919, pages 220,221 & The Official Gazette of the East Africa Protectorates, January 1922, pages 30 & 31 5
6 Postal Cards Four cards were initially issued; for local (inland) use a ½ anna card and a ½ anna + ½ anna Message/ Reply card, both with green indicia and for foreign (UPU) use a 1 anna card and a 1 anna +1 anna Message/Reply card with the indicia in carmine. The design remained unchanged except for the indicium when the currency and monarch changed. An interesting side note is that the ½ anna and 3 cent cards all used the redrawn coat of arms while the 1 anna and six cent cards used the original coat of arms. This would indicate that the only changes made to the printing plates over the two decades were to the indicia. original redrawn The 3 cent and 6 cent King George V postal cards were overprinted GEA for use in conquered German East Africa. Envelopes The one anna envelopes met the Imperial Penny Post Rate for single weight letters within the British Empire. Additional postage was required for other countries. The overprinted one anna King Edward VII envelope look light tan or ivory. The used envelopes usually look grey. This difference is caused by the thinness of the paper and the color of the security printing on the inside of the envelopes. The overprinted 1 anna King Edward VII envelope has security printing in a brown ink. Shown are three overprinted envelopes; the initial one anna, the 6 cents for the new currency and the King George V recognizing the new monarch. The envelope colors look different because of the color of the internal security printing. Many of the envelopes were made using paper with a watermark (see listing) that reads: De La Rue & Co Ltd CHANCELLOR PARCHMENT partially visible on the King George V envelope illustration. 6
7 The difference in appearance of the two six cent envelopes also has to do with the direction of the security printing design. The security printing design is rotated. In 1914 two new sizes of envelopes were issued with the 6 cent King George V indicium on a cream paper without an internal security printing: a 133 x 107 mm cream (laid) paper (thick wove) envelope and a thinner and slightly whiter 145 x 113 mm envelope. Both envelopes have pointed flaps. These envelopes are known with an albino indicium (rare). 7
8 145 x 113 mm 133 x 107 mm The color of the indicium was changed 1921 to make identification of envelopes meeting the new postal rate easier to identify. The indicia were printed in orange on paper without a watermark; the use of internal security printing was continued using the same design as previously. The overprinted envelope is on the right in both the front & rear scans Note that the color of the security printing on the second from left envelope is a brown black making the exterior look tan or dark cream. The envelope on the far left has the orientation of the security printing rotated, this also changes the appearance of the envelope exterior. 8
9 Wrappers Initially two King Edward VII wrappers were issued; a half anna printed in green and a one anna printed in carmine. When the currency changed was implemented only a 3 cent King Edward VII wrapper in green was issued. Only a 3 cent green wrapper was issued with the King George V indicium. Telegraph Form At 1 Rupee the Telegraph Form was the highest face value stationery issued in EA&UP. The 1 Rupee paid for the first 10 words of the telegraph; additional words were 10 cents each. De La Rue received an order in 1909 and shipped the forms in April in groups of twenty with interleaving. The form was issued in 1909, after the change to a decimal currency. The King Edward VII indicium is embossed on the 237 mm x 161 mm form. EA&UP only issued this one prestamped telegraph form, all subsequent forms were unstamped and required adhesives. It is one of only two Commonwealth African colonies to issue a telegraph postal stationery form, the other being the Gold Coast, which also only issued one, about the same time. Listing The following is our current listing of the stationery showing the numbers assigned by both Higgins and Gage and Victoria Archard 17. Note we have shown some of the H&G listed items as not existing. We have also listed those items sent to the UPU with a overprint. Postal Cards H&G # VA # Value Description KE VII /2a green on ivory a carmine on buff 3 3 1/2a + 1/2a green on ivory 4 4 1a + 1a carmine on buff KE VII c green on ivory 6 6 6c carmine on buff 7 7 3c + 3c green on ivory 17 Postal Stationery of East Africa-Part 1 by V.S.K. Archard pub. Bulletin of the East Africa Study Circle Vol 5 No 38 pg and Postal Stationery of East Africa-Part 1, Addenda/Corrigenda, by V Archard, Bulletin of the East Africa Study Circle Vol 6 No 40 pg The overprint, Samuel D4, was applied diagonally, lower left to upper right in black on all specimens. 9
10 Postal Cards H&G # VA # Value Description 8 8 6c + 6c carmine on buff KG V c green on ivory 9a 10 3c green on buff c carmine on buff c + 3c green on ivory c + 6c carmine on buff Envelopes H&G VA Value Description Security Printing KE VII 1904 B1 1 1a carmine on grey, watermarked 19 grey black to black (on cream) brown black 1a 1a carmine on grey, no watermark grey black to black KE VII 1908 B2 2 6c carmine on grey, watermarked 15 grey black to black grey black to black KG V 1913 B3 3 6c carmine on grey, watermarked 15 grey black to black grey black to black KGV c carmine on thin laid cream paper, 145 x 113 mm 4a 6c carmine on thick wove cream paper, 133 x 107 mm KG V 1920 B4 5 10c organge on grey, no watermark grey black to black grey black to black orange on cream brown black Registered Letter Envelopes H&G # VA # Value Indicium Color Text Size DLA Imprint Stamp Box KE VII 1904 C1 1 2a ultramarine grey F CO. PATENT. Type A (on reverse) 1a 2a ultramarine grey F LTD. PATENT. Type A 2 2a ultramarine grey H LTD. PATENT. Type A C1a 3a 2a ultramarine ultramarine F LTD. PATENT. Type A 3 2a ultramarine ultramarine F CO. PATENT. Type A C1b 4 2a ultramarine ultramarine H LTD. PATENT. Type A KG V 1915 C2 5 18c ultramarine ultramarine F CO. PATENT. Type A Registration above (on reverse) C3 6 18c ultramarine ultramarine F CO. PATENT. Type A Postage & above Type A C3a 7 18c ultramarine ultramarine H LTD. PATENT. Type A C4 Does not exist KG V 1917 C4a 8 31c ultramarine ultramarine G CO. Type B (on reverse) C5 Does not exist KGV 1920 C5a 9 35c green ultramarine G CO. Type A (on reverse) C6 Does not exist C6a 10 35c green ultramarine G CO. Type B 19 The watermark reads : De La Rue & Co LTD Chancellor Parchment 10
11 Wrappers H&G # VA # Value Description Text KE VII 1904 E1 1 1/2 a green on buff green E2 2 1a carmine on buff carmine KE VII 1909 E3 3 3c green on buff green KG V 1921 E4 4 3c green on buff green Telegraph Form KE VII H1 1 1 rupee orange black Shipping dates and Quantities Following is a complete record of shipping dates and quantities through September 1911; all have King Edward VII indicia (highlighted numbers in red are quantity of overprinted items sent to the UPU): Req n Ship 1anna 1/2anna 1/2anna 1anna 1anna 1anna 1/2anna 2annas 2annas No. Date Env PC Reply PC Reply Wrapper Wrapper RLE F RLE H 21/03 13-Jun-03 2,532 2, Jun /03 27-Aug-03 4,992 5,076 79/03 26-Oct-03 5,232 5,196 5,160 10,176 9, /03 19-Nov-03 9,984 5,200 5, /04 25-Apr-04 5,100 5,136 5, May-04 5,244 5, /04 31-Oct-04 20,112 24,552 14/05 8-Apr-05 4,890 3,646 2,040 2, /05 28-Dec-05 24,120 7,548 53/06 8-Aug-06 24,048 7,524 71/06 19-Sep-06 7,644 15/07 17-Apr-07 10,188 2,070 Totals 78,991 53,323 12,883 24,809 7,881 7,983 11,067 23,563 22,728 NEW CURRENCY 6cent 3cent 3cent 6cent 6cent 3cent 1Rupee Env PC Reply PC Reply Wrapper Telegraph 9/07 20-Jun-07 40,872 25,530 10,185 15,190 2, /08 5-Aug-08 10, /08 9-Jan-09 51,320 3/09 11-Apr-09 20,380 28/09 23-Jun-09 35,640 45/10 26-Jul-10 30,440 20, Aug-10 71,610 10, /10 12-Jan-11 10,008 81/11 15-Sep-11 10,032 Totals 97, ,217 21,127 46,387 2,832 31,002 20, Printing date 11
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