SENDING A LETTER IN Presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway
|
|
- Derick Taylor
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SENDING A LETTER IN 1776 Presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway
2 LIFE IN COLONIAL TIMES Back in the good ol days you didn t send a message by just typing in your text and hitting SEND. No siree! It just wasn t that simple. There were no movie theaters and playhouses were rare. News was delivered by gossip, from the pulpit or the town crier in the town square. People made their own entertainment - Prominent citizens provided rooms for small gatherings. Most people rarely traveled more than about 20 miles from home as that was a good day s ride by horse. Only the Government and a few wealthy individuals could afford to import goods from Europe and it took up to a year after an order was placed to receive the goods.
3 MAIL in the COLONIES The English Royal Crown originally provided Mail services between major inland towns in the American colonies. Post riders were given routes with strict schedules they were expected to keep. Mileposts (complements of Benjamin Franklin) were erected to both insure he was on the right route and if he was on time. Mail was delivered only to towns when the service was first started but progressed to hand delivery to the person addressed.
4 MAIL IN THE COLONIES Local Philadelphia currency with mica flakes printed by Franklin In 1733 Benjamin Franklin published his First edition of Poor Richard s Almanac. He also bribed the royal mail service couriers to deliver his products through the king s mail. Philadelphia appointed young Mr. Franklin as the city s postmaster general in In 1753 the British appointed Franklin as joint deputy post master for all the colonies. In 1774 Franklin was judged too sympathetic to the colonies and dismissed by the crown. A bit later he also printed the currency for a new nation.
5 SENDING A LETTER Most letters were local at first and simply handed to someone in town. Soon, sending a letter for any distance however was both complex and expensive. Envelopes were considered a luxury and often simply not available at first. The cost of mail delivery was by the sheet, not by weight. The Letter itself was folded and became the envelope itself. The creases that appear here show how the letter was folded. The Red mark on the center bottom was from sealing wax. Look carefully to see the printing on the reverse side The printing on the left would be covered when folded.
6 PREPARE THE LETTER How this letter was folded. 1) Fold and unfold the letter to find the center of the sheet. 2) Fold the top and bottom to the center fold. 3) Fold left edge at a bit more than 1/3 the width of the sheet. 4) Fold the right edge to not quite the right edge leaving enough room for the seal 5) Seal the letter. 6) These folds could be done by an experienced post master in less that 15 seconds.
7 CROSS WRITING Americans have always been resourceful if nothing else. Since postage was by the sheet, and some found it difficult to write small. They used the same sheet twice by writing the second page ACROSS the first as shown here. It may have taken time to decipher but consider it also probably took several weeks to be delivered.
8 CALCULATING POSTAGE While it is difficult to equate Colonial wages with modern times This early rate table makes it plain that it would cost a layman almost a month s wages to send a letter From Boston to New York Postage was based on the number of sheets and the distance traveled. Counting the number of sheets was easy Calculating distances was a nightmare. First, the routes by land was constantly changing due to new roads, constantly expanding and shifting of population with new towns. Changes in management and treaties also caused constant changes to the published rate tables.
9 CALCULATING PAYMENT Postal rate charts were expressed in British currency and converted to pennyweights and grains of silver so that postage could be computed in colonial currency Charts such as this were displayed in local post offices. British currency was confusing enough
10 ENGLISH CURRANCY = pound (or l in some documents) s. or /- = shilling D = penny (for 'denarius', a Roman coin) 1 Pound = 240 grains sterling silver 1 pound = 20 shillings. 1 shilling = 12 pennies. 1 penny = 2 halfpennies 1 Penny = four farthings (quarter pennies). 1 halfpenny = 2 farthings 1 penny (1d) = 2 halfpence 1 thruppence (3d) = 3 pence 1 sixpence = 6 pence (a 'tanner') (6d) 1 shilling (a bob) = 12 pence 1 florin = 2 shillings ( a 'two bob bit') 1 half crown = 2 shillings and 6 pence 1 Crown = 5 shillings * Sterling silver was 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% copper
11 NEW YORK CURRANCY Some post offices were faced with a huge array of money. New York, for instance, harbored more privateers and pirates than the Caribbean. It was also the port to many countries around the world. Pieces of eight from Spain as well as coins from France, Italy, Portugal, Canada were not uncommon. All these denominations, both paper and metallic had to be converted to British equivalents. This included both Gold and Silver.
12 Once the postal rate was calculated the value of the coins had to be determined. Scales were used to measure grains of silver, gold, or coins of questionable value. Counterfeiting and the shaving of high value coins was rampant. Coins of known values were kept on hand to further verify coin values. PAYMENT 1 grain of silver weighs.0678 grams Or troy ounces
13 READY FOR POST RIDER Postage was always defined in British money. Stamps did not exist until The amount paid (25 pence) was simply hand-written in the upper right hand corner. Note the lack of street number and zip code. They didn t exist either.
14 ENVELOPES Sometimes in big cities and towns the store would cut and pre-fold paper for letters. Templates were also available for standard size dispatches. The user would buy the paper, write, then seal it wit wax to keep it closed, and handed to someone who was going to the closest post office The post master would add the postage to the customer s account and prepare it for the post rider. Early post offices were often located in a local tavern.
15 ORIGAMI FOLDS The few Origami fold symbols displayed here are used to show how envelopes were folded. While Origami existed Centuries before in Japan it was quite rare in the colonies. Hundreds of ways have been developed since but again only a very few were actually used before the revolution and even then mostly for special occasions.
16 LOCKLESS FOLD This very simple fold was probably the most common. It did little to provide security. It did make the letter smaller and less subject to being crumpled.
17 POCKET BOOK FOLD The Pocket-book was an example of a single-lock fold. Note that in step 5 the corner is tucked into a pocket at the lower right corner. This is the single-lock took a few seconds longer but made the letter much more secure and smaller for an un-wrinkled delivery.
18 DOUBLE LOCK FOLD This is an example of a double lock fold. Note that in step 5 there are two corners to be tucked into their respective pockets. This of course makes the letter even more secure and can enclose small and flat objects. It can be made even more secure by using sealing wax in two places.
19 The PEPI fold is high security single lock fold that folds down to a very small size. PEPI FOLD
20 Another high security fold similar to the PEPI but done across the width instead of lengthwise. TWO BY ONE
21 RUSSIAN FOLD Russian soldiers sending letters home during WW-II had paper but no postcards or envelopes. They couldn t be sealed anyway as they had to be reviewed by censors. The result was this unique triangular shape that allowed the letter to be opened, read and then closed without damage.
22 A SMALL SAMPLING OF OTHER FOLDS
23 RESOURCES Medieval Manuscript Manual - All about medieval period writing. Good background for Colonial writing. The Rittenhouse Mill - +making&source=bl&ots=zzey-jni1- &sig=fhfjvxzcpuj2a3rti_rx7lpdio8&hl=en&sa=x&ei=v6gjvb2vh8hjsaxgoydacw&ved=0cdaq6 AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=early%20american%20paper%20making&f=false All about the first American paper mill in Pennsylvania. A complete description of the workings of a paper mill. Folding Envelope and Letter - A good basic source for folding letters and envelopes Postal History of the United States A short history of the early postal service
24 For More Information Once Upon a Time A background history of paper making in the colonies Arnold Grummer Paper making kits and supplies A complete line of paper making kits, supplies and instructional videos.
25 This presentation has been brought to you by the North River Railway Bob Van Cleef 46 Broadway Coventry, CT THE END
26 PAPER MAKING TERMS Mold A device for making paper consisting of two parts, the deckle and the frame A 'pour' hand mold has a deckle (frame) with high sides, usually 3 inches or so. To make paper, the hand mold is set in a dishpan with 3-4 inches of water. A small amount of pulp is poured into the deckle. A 'dip' hand mold has a deckle (frame) with shallow sides. It is dipped into a dishpan filled with 3-4 inches of pulp. Deckle was the upper part of the mold. It was a hardwood box or fence that contained the paper slurry as the sheet was being formed The frame was the lower part of the mold. It consisted or a screen, the screen support, and a wooden structure that mated with the deckle. The screen support can be made from a Florescent light screen WATERMARK - A design or pattern put into paper during its production, by making thinner the layer of pulp when it is still wet by wire or other means. MASK Template placed over the screen to form a shaped piece of paper smaller than the deckle such as for nonrectangular shapes or multiple smaller pieces of paper. Template a shaped piece of metal, wood, card, plastic, or other material used as a pattern for processes such as painting, cutting out or shaping Linters Linters is a tiny fiber that is left behind on the cotton seed after ginning removes the longer cotton fibers from the seed. Cotton linter is such an outstanding addition to the slurry that as little as 10% cotton linter to 90% recycled computer paper will make a very high quality, strong and beautiful paper for all sorts of papermaking uses. Vatman Shredded the cotton and silk rags, mixed them with water, pounded the mixture and molded the damp pulp in a mold Coucher Took paper from mold and placed on felt and built a post Layman peeled the paper from the felt and hanged it to dry and re-built post
MAKING PAPER IN Presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway
MAKING PAPER IN 1776 Presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway LIFE IN COLONIAL TIMES Back in the good ol days you didn t send a message by just typing in your text and hitting SEND. No siree!
More informationSENDING A LETTER 1776 STYLE. Presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway
SENDING A LETTER 1776 STYLE Presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway LIFE IN COLONIAL TIMES Back in the good ol days you didn t send a message by just typing in your text and hitting SEND.
More informationCoins with Special Significance. Lecture Set #17
Coins with Special Significance Lecture Set #17 Electrum Coins Obverse, Facing heads of Lion & Bull; Reverse, Punch Marks Ptolemy - Tetradrachm Obverse, Ptolemy s Portrait; Reverse, Eagle Standing, circa
More informationSENDING A LETTER 1776 STYLE QUILL PENS. Presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway
SENDING A LETTER 1776 STYLE QUILL PENS Presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway SO HOW DID ONE MAKE A PEN? Well, first you find a bird. Yes, Turkey feathers were commonly used and work quite
More informationDomestic Rate United States Trime
Frame 3 - Richard Frajola "Paying The Postage" www.rfrajola.com 1851-3 Domestic Rate United States Trime 28 July 1851 Lowell to Roxbury, Massachusetts 3 orange brown adhesive and 3 cts Paid rate datestamp,
More informationVolume II. The Heyday of the Gold Standard,
1869 June 28 Establishing and Maintaining the Gold Currency: Report addressed to the Chancellor of the Exchequer by the Master of the Mint and Colonel Smith, late Master of the Calcutta Mint, on the Mintage
More informationVII Monks in the scriptorium!
VII Monks in the scriptorium! PICTURE 1 What is this? When was it made? Who wrote it? 1- A manuscript PICTURE 2 What makes you think this? Do you think many people could write? Why? 2 A scriptorium PICTURE
More informationTeacher s Guide for Dig
Teacher s Guide for Dig April 2015: Dollars and Sense Teacher's Guide prepared by E. Renee Heiss, writer and educator. What If.. Page 2 Group Discussion Create a moneyless school. What changes would happen
More informationì<(sk$m)=bddchh< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, Lexile, and Reading Recovery are provided in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide. What s money all about? Genre Expository nonfiction Comprehension Skills
More informationReading Essentials and Study Guide
Lesson 1 The Evolution, Functions, and Characteristics of Money ESSENTIAL QUESTION How has money evolved to meet the needs of people everywhere? Reading HELPDESK Academic Vocabulary revolution an overthrow
More informationWeekly Test Lesson 12
Read the text. Then answer the questions. The Origin of Currency in America Suppose you wanted to buy something at the store, but you had only a handful of coins from other countries. It may sound strange,
More informationNeed to update around a year old. made by goatface1
Need to update around a year old In one year silver was removed from all coinage but the half dollar the silver content was only 40% 1982 Removal of Copper from 1 Cent 0.0166226 Melt value of a pre 1982
More informationAppendix B. Alternative Money. Bons and tokens
Appendix B Alternative Money This history has focused on legal tender money in Canada, that is to say money that has been approved by the authorities for paying debts or settling transactions. Canada also
More information170 US Coins incl 5 Indian Cents ( ), 1892 and 1907 V Nickel, 93 Wheat Cents (1913 to 1958), 62 Buffalo Nickels (Mostly 1930's), 9 War Nickels
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 2 2003 State Quarter Sets 170 US Coins incl 5 Indian Cents (1885-1909), 1892 and 1907 V Nickel, 93 Wheat Cents (1913 to 1958), 62 Buffalo Nickels (Mostly 1930's),
More informationManhattan Coin Club Minutes February 14, 2018
Manhattan Coin Club Minutes February 14, 2018 A large attendance as President Randy called the meeting to order. Old Business Randy reviewed the minutes from January. Ray said he spoke briefly with President
More informationPrice List. Please note: prices are inclusive of VAT but not Postage & Packaging.
Price List Please note: prices are inclusive of VAT but not Postage & Packaging. * Items feature the Museum on the Mound logo. Stationery Recycled Pencil* 45p Made from recycled CD cases Recycled Pen*
More informationCALCULATING WITH AUSTRALIAN NOTES AND COINS
Facts for students Australia s coins A brief history Australia has an interesting coin history. Did you know that until the early 1900s Australia did not have its own currency? We used a mixture of currencies
More informationNumismatic Society of Ireland
Numismatic Society of Ireland Final Meeting of the Season Friday 18 th May 2018 Talk by Colm Gallagher at 7.45pm The Disappearing Pennies of the Irish Emergency followed by a Mini Auction Honorary Auctioneer
More informationPaper! The Various Types & How They Apply To YOU as a Designer
Paper! The Various Types & How They Apply To YOU as a Designer Basics: How to Make Paper - Combine wood chips in hot water to soften. - Primarily wood fibers, but can also be linen, cotton, other plant
More informationColonists Speak Out Discovery Lesson Plan By Breezie Bitter
Colonists Speak Out Discovery Lesson Plan By Breezie Bitter Topic: Colonists rebel against the British Government. Standards: 5.SS.1.1.3 Discuss significant individuals who have been responsible for bringing
More informationContents. Chapter 1 Before You Start Twelve Pointers for Covering Makers 1. Chapter 2 Understanding the Terms Definitions of Covering Makers Lingo 3
Contents Foreword i Acknowledgments ii Introduction iii Chapter 1 Before You Start Twelve Pointers for Covering Makers 1 Chapter 2 Understanding the Terms Definitions of Covering Makers Lingo 3 Chapter
More informationFourth Session, Commencing at 4.30 pm AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH COINS CROWNS TYPE SETS
Fourth Session, Commencing at 4.30 pm AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH COINS TYPE SETS CROWNS 968 George VI, 1937. Some obverse bag marks but nearly uncirculated. Ex Dr Barrie Towers Collection. 969 George VI,
More informationAnswer Key. Easy Peasy All-In-One-Homeschool
Answer Key Easy Peasy All-In-One-Homeschool 4 5 6 Telling Time Adding 2-Digits Fractions Subtracting 2-Digits Adding and Subtracting Money A. Draw the hands on each clock face to show the time. 12:20 6:05
More informationGuide to Postal Regulations
Guide to Postal Regulations Postcard To receive Postcards postage rates, you must mail using First Class Postage/ Size Specifications: Minimum Maximum Length* 5 inches 6 inches Height 3 ½ Inches 4 ¼ Inches
More informationStoner's Auction Bonnair Road, Glen Rock, PA (717) or (443) Coin Sale Results. November 11, 2017
Stoner's Auction 14738 Bonnair Road, Glen Rock, PA 17327 (717) 235-1532 or (443) 672-2253 Coin Sale Results November 11, 2017 Lot Number Description Winning Bid 1 1966 Bahams Island 9 Pc. Silver Coin Set
More informationKimono Collection MATERIALS. Finished quilt size CUTTING
Kimono Collection Colourful Japanese fabrics take the place of traditional paper in these tiny origami kimonos and a simple nine-patch quilt shows them off to perfection. MATERIALS Nine pieces of assorted
More informationVI. 19TH CENTURY DECIMAL PERIOD: CANADA, NS, NB, PEI, NF, VI & BC
31 varieties due to the complex printing process of three colors are sought and collected. There are plate varieties due to re-entry and retouching, including doubling of some areas, as well as imperforate
More informationRegina Coin Club Presents. The CoinHawks Club. Coin Collecting for Kids and Teens 16 and under
Regina Coin Club Presents The CoinHawks Club Coin Collecting for Kids and Teens 16 and under This manual printed with the assistance of Conexus Insurance The CoinHawks Club What is the CoinHawks Club?
More informationTable of Contents iii Introduction iv Elements of Design Principles of Design Materials a
ART Shari McMahon Table of Contents iii Introduction iv Elements of Design............................. 1 Principles of Design........................... 65 Materials and Techniques......................
More informationROOFTOP WATER TANKS. A clinic presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway
ROOFTOP WATER TANKS A clinic presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway FIRST WATER TANKS Roman Cistern from about 200 BC Water tanks have existed since the dawn of man. The first crude tanks
More informationImpulse. 1/4 yard each very dark green (A), dark green (B),
design by LUCY A. FAZELY & MICHAEL L. BURNS Purple/Blue Impulse 12" x 12" Block Make 12 Blue/Green Impulse 12" x 12" Block Make 12 Orange/Red/Green Impulse 12" x 12" Block Make 12 Red/Purple Impulse 12"
More informationPlayer counters. Back. Cost. Can only be built in. Rail Period Requires coal. Requires iron. Number of iron cubes placed on counter
English rules Overview Welcome to eighteenth century Lancashire. The world is about to change from something we would call almost medieval to what we now know as the modern world. This change will be called
More informationThis book belongs to
This book belongs to This book was made for your convenience. It is available for printing from the website. It contains all of the printables from Easy Peasy's Math 4 course. The instructions for each
More informationPr i c in ggu i de BESPOKE DESIGN STATIONERY + WEDDING DAY PAPER PAPERTREE STUDIO 2017, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED EST STATIONERY & DESIGN CO.
2 0 1 7 Pr i c in ggu i de BESPOKE DESIGN STATIONERY + WEDDING DAY PAPER EST. 2012 STATIONERY & DESIGN CO. PAPERTREE STUDIO 2017, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAPER ANTLER You mu st give everything to make your
More informationCOIN & CURRENCY BID BOARD End Date: APRIL 6, :00 PM
Half Cents COIN & CURRENCY BID BOARD End Date: APRIL 6, 2019 12:00 PM U.S. Coins 7571 1807 Half Cent 7568 1834 Half Cent Large Cents 7560 1797 Lg Cent 5 7559 1800 Lg Cent 5 7570 1800/79 Lg Cent 0 7577
More informationBritain Goes Decimal. Objective: Background: Why: Organization:
Britain Goes Decimal Background: Passed in May 1969, The Decimal Act provided for a ised pound, in place of the ancient system of shillings and pence, effectively changing Britain s currency. The change
More informationActivities with Paper How to Make Paper
Art, Science, ELA K-5 1-2 Lessons 1 Overview Students will learn how to make recycled paper using mostly everyday materials. They will use techniques for recycling paper that have been used for centuries
More informationLongley Auctions Retail Price List October 14, 2009
Longley Auctions Retail Price List October 14, 2009 This price list is comprised mainly of unusual forms of mail (triangular stampless, mailed photos, tags, metal, permits, meters, large items etc). Prices
More information88. Boxed set of 4 silver 1 coins. 89. Boxed 1996 silver proof set UK crown Belgium 5 Franc Canada Dollar. 93. Maria Ter
1. 1696 crown. 2. 2 x 1937 crown. 3. 1836 ½ crown. 4. 2 x 1935 crowns. 5. 1918 Rupee good. 6. 1916 shilling good. 7. 1927 wreath crown. 8. USA silver dollar 1922. 9. Silver Death of Victoria medallion.
More informationACTIVITY 13.1 Trading Instructions
ACTIVITY 13.1 Trading Instructions Group 1 Tea Merchants You are a family of tea merchants. Your goal is to sell all your tea bags 2 strings of copper coins for each tea bag 1 pair of chopsticks 25 fish
More informationREINFORCING THE CORNERS OF FLAT FRAMES
REINFORCING THE CORNERS OF FLAT FRAMES There are a number of different methods that may be used to join flat frame sides together. As most Woodworkers know, end grain glue joints are not nearly as strong
More informationBENJAMIN FRANKLIN COMMEMORATIVE COIN ACT
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN COMMEMORATIVE COIN ACT VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:10 Jan 17, 2005 Jkt 039139 PO 00464 Frm 00001 Fmt 6579 Sfmt 6579 E:\PUBLAW\PUBL464.108 APPS10 PsN: PUBL464 118 STAT. 3878 PUBLIC LAW 108
More informationIntroduction - Weights and Measures - Skills Resources - Manuscripts & Special Collections- The University of Nottingham
Introduction - Weights and Measures - Skills Resources - Manuscripts & Special Collections- The University of Nottingham Weights and measures Manuscripts & Special Collections Deciphering units of weights,
More informationInventors and Scientists: Ben Franklin
Inventors and Scientists: Ben Franklin By Biography.com Editors and A+E Networks, adapted by Newsela staff on 08.16.16 Word Count 751 A portrait of Benjamin Franklin by Joseph Siffred Duplessis, circa
More informationMaryland Council on Economic Education 1
Life in Colonial Boston by Jennifer Blizin Gillis. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2003. ISBN 140344284-3 Literature Annotation: This book describes life in colonial Boston, Massachusetts from 1760-1773. The
More informationMEASURING IN THE PLANE AND SPACE G.MG.A.3: AREA AND SURFACE AREA
MEASURING IN THE PLANE AND SPACE G.MG.A.3: AREA AND SURFACE AREA 95 A farmer has 64 feet of fence to enclose a rectangular vegetable garden. Which dimensions would result in the biggest area for this garden?
More informationTechnique of the Month. Making Paper
Technique of the Month Making Paper by All information provided herein is done so in good faith. Three Creative Studios takes no responsibility for problems or issues encountered by the reader when using
More informationPrecious Metals News 30 th July 2011
Hello and welcome to the first CELTICGOLD newsletter. This free information is designed to inform you with the latest news in the precious metals markets and help to preserve your wealth. Three to four
More informationTHE DIPPING TECHNIQUE
THE DIPPING TECHNIQUE An Alternative Finishing Technique By B. L. Herm Ely INTRODUCTION: A good finish should excite the senses. When touched with the finger tips, the finish should feel silky smooth.
More informationMedia specifications. Media guidelines. Paper. Paper characteristics. Media specifications
3 Media specifications Media is paper, card stock, transparencies, labels, and envelopes. The last four are sometimes referred to as specialty media. The printer provides high quality printing on a variety
More informationTAYLORS AUCTION ROOMS (MONTROSE) LTD Catalogue 22 Sep 2018
TAYLORS AUCTION ROOMS (MONTROSE) LTD Catalogue 22 Sep 2018 2000 2 ALBUMS FIRST DAY COVERS 20.00-30.00 2001 2 ALBUMS GIBRALTER FIRST DAY COVERS 1986-2014 20.00-40.00 2002 1844 VICTORIA CROWN 50.00-2007
More informationSOUND MULTIPLEXER. (A poor man s sound system) Presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway
SOUND MULTIPLEXER (A poor man s sound system) Presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway Sawmill at Timberly Let s say you are switching out the Saw mill. Your locomotive has sound but can you
More informationUser Guide. Thank you for purchasing the Precious Metal Verifier. We feel confident you will find it as useful as we have.
User Guide Thank you for purchasing the Precious Metal Verifier. We feel confident you will find it as useful as we have. The Precious Metal Verifier is a scientific instrument, to get proper readings
More informationCOIN AUCTION SATURDAY, MAY 19, 2018 COMMENCING AT 9:00 A.M. LOCATION: CARR AUCTION GALLERY, 909 AUCTION AVE., W. HWY 156, LARNED, KS 67550
COIN AUCTION SATURDAY, MAY 19, 2018 COMMENCING AT 9:00 A.M. LOCATION: CARR AUCTION GALLERY, 909 AUCTION AVE., W. HWY 156, LARNED, KS 67550 SHOWING ON FRIDAY, MAY 18 FROM 12 NOON TO 5 P.M. COINS (LOT #1:
More informationWhat is Ohio Postal History?
What is Ohio Postal History? Ohio postal history collectors enthusiastically seek letters, envelopes and covers ranging from stampless territorial letters, mailed over 200 years ago, to today s junk mail.
More informationQuestioned Documents. Forensic Science
Questioned Documents Forensic Science Counterfeit 2 Counterfeiting What is counterfeiting? When false documents are created or other items copied for the purpose of deception What are items that can be
More informationBasic Design Elements Letters & Cards
Basic Design Elements Letters & Cards Agenda Determining Mailability Processing Categories - Letters Machinable/Automation Letters Barcode Readability Basics Postcards Determining Mailability All mailpieces
More informationSEALING a LETTER from the COLONIAL ERA. Presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway
SEALING a LETTER from the COLONIAL ERA Presented by BOB VAN CLEEF of the North River Railway ORIGIN OF SEALS Since time immemorial, the seal has served as a stamp of indisputable authenticity, just as
More informationStoner's Auction AUCTION CATALOGUE
Stoner's Auction AUCTION CATALOGUE April 28, 2018 2:00 PM Inspection: April 28, 2018 Doors Open at 1pm For Inspection Welcome to Stoner's Auction. No Buyer's Premium applied to items in this catalog. PA
More informationCounterfeit Pre-Decimal Coins.
Counterfeit Pre-Decimal Coins. Fakes. There are three broad categories of fakes; both intended to make money out of little. The first category is a coin, which is cast, or die stamped from metal. The second
More informationThe Industrial Revolution
Journal: Complete the chart on technological inventions: Modern day invention: What life was like before it: What has changed because of it: The Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution The greatly
More informationKorean Coinage Conversation Pieces
Conversation Pieces Lecture Set #24 American Numismatic Association Edward T. Newell Visual Education Committee Introduction Money prototypes used before 996 AD Copper bars Gilt rings Copper discs Iron
More informationPart #1: Bartering Assessment
FINANCIAL LITERACY: - The Money Trail 29 Part #1: Bartering Assessment Name Class Period True/False. Circle the correct answer. True False 1. People in ancient times did not use money to obtain the goods
More informationGemini Team Test Mu Alpha Theta State 2009
Gemini Team Test Mu Alpha Theta State 2009 1. If delicious cake, modeled by a cylinder radius cm and height 3 cm, is to be cut so that the volume of each piece can be modeled as a distinct term in a geometric
More informationKINDERGARTEN SUPPLY LIST
KINDERGARTEN SUPPLY LIST 2016-2017 **All supplies should be brought during the Kindergarten Open House on August 10 th from 1-2pm. 10--#2 pencils yellow only. Sharpened. 4 Boxes of 24 count Crayola Crayons-no
More informationdesigned by Andrea Schewe
Use our templates to create crowns for Elsa and Anna of Arendelle, from the hit movie Frozen. Templates and instructions have been designed to fit both adults and little girls. DIRECTIONS 1. Cut out crown
More informationGiant Origami Quilt. by C. Kenneth Fan
Page 1 of 5 by C. Kenneth Fan With these two origami units, you can make very large origami quilts. During the summer of 2006, girls of Science Club for Girls designed and folded a butterfly quilt measuring
More informationWhat s in This Book...1 Introduction...3 Getting Started...7 All About Die Cutters...9 Choosing a Die Cutter...11 AccuQuilt Studio/AccuCut
Table of contents What s in This Book...1 Introduction...3 Getting Started....7 All About Die Cutters....9 Choosing a Die Cutter....11 AccuQuilt Studio/AccuCut GrandeMark...15 AccuQuilt GO!....23 AccuQuilt
More informationThe Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution In the early 1700s large landowners across Great Britain bought much of the land once owned by poor farmers. They introduced new methods of farming, using the latest agricultural
More informationFairy Tale #4 Little Red Riding Hood. Fairy Tale #4: Mixed Media
Fairy Tale #4: Mixed Media Little Red Riding Hood For this lesson s mixed-media assignment, I offer you three oil pastel techniques to add to your toolbox! 1 Technique #1 Masking Oil pastel on paper. SUPPLIES
More informationWORLD HISTORY SECTION II
WORLD HISTORY SECTION II Note: This exam uses the chronological designations B.C.E. (before the common era) and C.E. (common era). These labels correspond to B.C. (before Christ) and A.D. (anno Domini),
More informationINSTA-DE FRAME SERIES
http://www. www.elitescreens.com Section : Screen Design n. INSTA INSTA-DE FRAME SERIES What is it for? The Insta-DE Screen is a pliable front projection screen with dry dry-erase erase capabilities. It
More informationEssay by Hugo Salinas Price
Essay by Hugo Salinas Price Elements for monetizing the silver ounce in British Pounds 2 First condition The coin shall not bear an engraved monetary value. The Treasury will attribute a quote, a monetary
More informationMuseu Industrial del Ter, Manlleu, Catalonia (photo taken by Maria del Roser Pujadas Jubany)
Museu Industrial del Ter, Manlleu, Catalonia (photo taken by Maria del Roser Pujadas Jubany) 1. Read the sentences about the cotton industry and tick the answers you think you know. a. Cotton is a white
More informationRegions Retail Lockbox
Regions Retail Lockbox Envelope & Document Guide It s time to expect more. Regions Bank Member FDIC Revised 03/2018 ENVELOPE SPECIFICATIONS Courtesy Envelopes: Regions requires the Retail Lockbox client
More informationThe Postal Stationery of East Africa and Uganda Protectorates By George T. Krieger with Victoria Archard, Peter Chantry and Wayne Menuz
The Postal Stationery of East Africa and Uganda Protectorates By George T. Krieger with Victoria Archard, Peter Chantry and Wayne Menuz The British East Africa Post Office was amalgamated with that of
More informationMakin Paper Edition (New language is highlighted in blue)
A Wood Magic Forest Fair Activity for 5 th Graders 2017 Edition (New language is highlighted in blue) Objective Students will be able to explain why recycling is important and will be able to describe
More informationCoins & Currency Auction
Coins & Currency Auction Auction Opens: Fri, Oct 26 4:30pm PT Auction Closes: Fri, Nov 2 5:30pm PT 0001 (49) 1939-66 Canada Dimes - 80% 0002 (21) 1939-64 WA & Standing Liberty Quarters 0003 (20) 1941-64
More informationDesign To Print - Know Where You're Going From Design Into Print: Preparing Graphics and Text for Professional Printing by Sandee Cohen
Design To Print - Know Where You're Going From Design Into Print: Preparing Graphics and Text for Professional Printing by Sandee Cohen What are the questions: 1. What kind of project is it? Is it a book,
More informationFREE MONEY You Never Have to Pay Back!
FREE MONEY You Never Have to Pay Back! Dear Friend, -Zig Ziglar To me, this is one of the most powerful statements in the history of mankind. I am dead serious! If you will apply this concept the way I
More information20 Reasons WhyMLM Marketing Is The Business of the 21st Century
20 Reasons WhyMLM Marketing Is The Business of the 21st Century 1. Build Your Fortune, Not Someone Else s Here is the big question: At your current place of work, who is making a living and who is getting
More informationLot Number. Thumbnail Title Description Indian Head cent. Good - full rims. Indian Head cents
Lot Number Thumbnail Title Description 1 1871 Indian Head cent Good - full rims 2 Indian Head Includes 1881 (G-VG), 1882 (G), 1885 (G-cleaned) - all for one bid price 3 Indian Head Includes 1887 (G), 1888
More information2064 Eisenhower Bi-Centennial (6) D's 2065 Eisenhower Bi-Centennial (4) D's 2066 Eisenhower Bi-Centennial (2), 1972, 1978
2001 Morgan Dollar 1921 2002 Morgan Dollar 1881 S 2003 Morgan Dollar 1921 D 2004 Morgan Dollar 1886 2005 Morgan Dollar 1884 S 2006 Morgan Dollar 1884 Almost Smooth 2006A 1939 Mercury dime 2006B 1940 Mercury
More informationAnnex 1. Financial Proposal. CASE STUDY No 1. Price schedule. Company: Date: Signature:
Annex 1 Financial Proposal CASE STUDY No 1 Price schedule Company: Date: Signature: As part of the information and communication activities relating to the euro, the Directorate- General Financial Affairs
More informationFORGERY IN RELATION TO NUMISMATICS.
FORGERY IN RELATION TO NUMISMATICS. PART II. (EDWARD I. TO ELIZABETH). BY L. A. LAWRENCE, F.R.S.A. (IRELAND), Director. N studying the forgeries of the Plantagenet and later times, the chief feature to
More informationPreparing for your J-1 Visa Interview
Preparing for your J-1 Visa Interview This document explains all he steps you must take, and the paperwork required, in order to have a smooth and stress free J Day. If you have not already booked your
More informationVisual Verbs: Using Manipulatives to Teach Verb Tenses
Visual Verbs: Using Manipulatives to Teach Verb Tenses San Diego Regional CATESOL Conference October 20, 2012 Marla Yoshida marla.yoshida@unx.uci.edu UC Irvine Extension International Programs http://yoshidacatesol.pbworks.com
More informationT T. May/June 2013 Volume 2 Issue 3
T T May/June 2013 Volume 2 Issue 3 Come one, come all! Here comes the philatelic circus!! Experience the spectacle and excitement of the circus as you explore these pages. Circuses have been delighting
More informationTHE CLASSIC EXPERT GUIDE TO COLLECTING THE COINS THAT HAVE MADE HISTORY
THE CLASSIC EXPERT GUIDE TO COLLECTING THE COINS THAT HAVE MADE HISTORY Managing Consultant Alex Hanrahan shares his guide to collecting classic coins Alex Hanrahan Managing Consultant Owning a Classic
More informationAN EMERGENCY COINAGE IN IRELAND.
AN EMERGENCY COINAGE IN IRELAND. By HELEN FARQuHAR. HE reade~s of th~ British Nun;:smatic Journal will remem~er 11. a very mterestmg paper on The Comage of Ireland dunng the Rebellion, r641-1652," written
More informationSTANDING RULES. 1. Contributions made to the AWA qualify under the IRC 501 (c) (3) and are tax deductions.
STANDING RULES 1. Contributions made to the AWA qualify under the IRC 501 (c) (3) and are tax deductions. 2. The Association has established a President s Purchase Award, not to exceed $400, for the painting
More informationTable of Contents. #3833 Nonfiction Reading Comprehension 2 Teacher Created Resources
Table of Contents Introduction....3 Reading Comprehension and the Common Core Leveled Questions The Questioning Rubric Achievement Graph Common Core State Standards....8 Multiple-Choice Test-Taking Tips....9
More informationIndustrialisation. Industrial processes. Industrialisation in developing countries. D Mining in Namibia. Textile in Namibia
Unit 1 Industrialisation In Module 1 Unit 5 we discussed how rural areas have been affected by development. Now we will look at the industrial development which began in European and North American cities
More informationEarthAnswers - How is Paper Recycled?
EarthAnswers - How is Paper Recycled? Did you know... That the world's first piece of paper was made from recycled material? That's right! Around 200 B.C., the Chinese used old fishing nets to make the
More informationAfter printing these plans, several pages will need to be taped together to form a larger plan. Below is a diagram of which pages need assembled.
Watermill Building Plans For complete building instructions and instructional videos, please visit the main web site at www.hirstarts.com/watermill/watermill.html. Using these plans alone will not give
More informationLEARN HOW TO MAKE EASY MONEY
LEARN HOW TO MAKE EASY MONEY How To Make Money Easy And Fast No Hard Work Do You Need Money? Find Out How!!?!! As You Seen On Oprah And 20/20 Oprah Winfrey and ABC's ***** investigation team 20/20 also
More information1. $93 IMG_7500 Andamooka Rainbow Matrix opal with an opal gem eye 4.5" x 1" x.25" thick 1.95oz
From: Heather Baker Heather@AustralianOpalMines.com Subject: Rainbow Matrix OFFER 20 Oct 2017 Date: October 20, 2017 at 12:04 AM To: Heather BAKER (work) Heather@AustralianOpalMines.com Yesterday one of
More informationINTERNET PRICE LIST #26 - E.S.J. van Dam Ltd - established since 1970
INTERNET PRICE LIST #26 - E.S.J. van Dam Ltd - established since 1970 P.O. Box 300, Bridgenorth, ON., Canada, K0L 1H0 All items offered subject unsold. Payment with order - Visa, Mastercard, Discover or
More informationE.S.J. van Dam Ltd - internet price list - IT#91 - November 2, page 1
INTERNET PRICE LIST #91 2018 E.S.J. van Dam Ltd - Canada Revenue stamp specialist since 1970 - P.O. Box 300, Bridgenorth, ON., Canada, K0L 1H0 All items offered subject unsold. Payment with order - Visa,
More informationMath 8 Levels II & III. For each problem, write a let statement, write and solve an equation, and answer the question.
Math 8 Levels II & III Word Problems Name Date Section For each problem, write a let statement, write and solve an equation, and answer the question. Integers: 1. When twice a number is increased by 3,
More information