Using Box-Jenkins Models to Forecast Mobile Cellular Subscription
|
|
- Lester Baker
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Open Journal of Saisics, 26, 6, Published Online April 26 in SciRes. hp:// hp://dx.doi.org/.4236/ojs Using Box-Jenkins Models o Forecas Mobile Cellular Subscripion Ian Siluyele, Sanley Jere 2 Zambia Informaion and Communicaions Technology Auhoriy (ZICTA), Lusaka, Zambia 2 Deparmen of Mahemaics and Saisics, Mulungushi Universiy, Kabwe, Zambia Received 29 November 25; acceped 23 April 26; published 26 April 26 Copyrigh 26 by auhors and Scienific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under he Creaive Commons Aribuion Inernaional License (CC BY). hp://creaivecommons.org/licenses/by/4./ Absrac In his paper, he Box-Jenkins modelling procedure is used o deermine an ARIMA model and go furher o forecasing. The mobile cellular subscripion daa for he sudy were aken from he adminisraive daa submied o he Zambia Informaion and Communicaions Technology Auhoriy (ZICTA) as quarerly reurns by all hree mobile nework operaors Airel Zambia, MTN Zambia and Zamel. The ime series of annual figures for mobile cellular subscripion for all mobile nework operaors is from 2 o 24 and has a oal of 5 observaions. Resuls show ha he ARIMA (, 2, ) is an adequae model which bes fis he mobile cellular subscripion ime series and is herefore suiable for forecasing subscripion. The model predics a gradual rise in mobile cellular subscripion in he nex 5 years, culminaing o abou 9.% cumulaive increase in 29. Keywords Mobile Cellular Subscripion, Box-Jenkins Mehodology, ARIMA Model, Auocorrelaion Funcion, Parial Auocorrelaion Funcion. Inroducion In Zambia, he peneraion of informaion and communicaion echnology (ICT) in general and mobile in paricularly, plays an imporan role in compilaion of he naional Gross Domesic Produc (GDP). There are hree (3) mobile cellular operaors in Zambia wih neworks spanning land area of almos 62,9 Km 2, represening 8% nework coverage. In 24, Zambia had 67.% of subscribers from he mobile cellular subsecor wih revenue conribuion of nearly K3.4 billion. A he end of December 24 he populaion of Zambia was esimaed a 5. million while mobile cellular subscripion (MCS) was. million. Sudies have shown ha diffusion of mobile elecommunicaion affecs he growh of GDP. Oher sudies have also shown ha a long run causal relaionship exiss beween growh in elecommunicaions and he growh How o cie his paper: Siluyele, I. and Jere, S. (26) Using Box-Jenkins Models o Forecas Mobile Cellular Subscripion. Open Journal of Saisics, 6, hp://dx.doi.org/.4236/ojs
2 of he economy boh a secoral and aggregae levels. Therefore, he imporance of invesmen in elecommunicaion subsecor is acknowledged world over. Globally, socio-economic effec and economic developmen due o improved elecommunicaion canno be repudiaed. Time series modelling is an imporan par of every field. I provides boh shor and long erm forecasing echniques. Effecive implemenaion of forecasing echniques maximises he prospec of adoping opimum sraegies. Lieraure shows ha researchers have used boh sochasic and deerminisic models o model and forecas elecommunicaion daa. However, sochasic models aribued o Box-Jenkins, he Auo Regressive Inegraed Moving Average (ARIMA) models have been found o be more efficien and reliable even for shor erm forecasing han he deerminisic models. Furher, sochasic models are disribuion-free as no assumpions are required abou he daa or parameer hence he adopion of he forecasing mehodology in his paper. 2. Mehod and Maerials The MCS daa for he sudy has been aken from he adminisraive daa submied o he Zambia Informaion and Communicaions Technology Auhoriy (ZICTA) as quarerly reurns by all hree mobile nework operaors (MNOs). The ime series of annual figures for MCS for all MNOs is from 2 o 24 and has a oal of 5 observaions. Each observaion (X ) in he ime series is sum oal of subscriber for Airel Zambia, MTN Zambia and Zamel i.e. X = α + β + γ = 2,, 24 where, α = number of subscribers for Airel Zambia, β = number of subscribers for MTN Zambia, and γ = number of subscribers for Zamel. Saisical Analysis Sysem (SAS) [] and Microsof Excel will be used o implemen he sochasic models and graphical represenaions respecively. 3. Sochasic Modelling The Box-Jenkins approach o forecasing was firs described by saisicians George Box and Gwilym Jenkins and was developed as a direc resul of heir experience wih forecas problems in he business, economic, and conrol engineering applicaions [2]. The Box-Jenkins mehodology is a sysemaic process which is implemened by using an ieraive process unil an adequae model is achieved. The procedure is achieved by a sep-by-sep process of model IDENTIFICATION, SPECIFICATION, ESTIMATION, DIAGNOSTIC and FORECAST. The ARIMA has hree parameers viz. auoregressive (p), differencing order (d) and he order of moving average (q). The generic Box-Jenkin models are denoed by ARIMA (p, d, q) given by ( )( µ ) θ( ) B X = B a where,, θ and a are auoregressive parameer, moving average parameer and residual respecively. The residuals are assumed o be iid Normal. Using he backshif operaor/ransformaion he equaion above, when d =, is expressed as Also as ( p) ( p) ( q = µ + θ θ ) B B X B B B B a. p p q θ X = Consan + ( B) a ( B) where, a is a whie noise process wih mean and variance σ 2 [3]. 4. Measures of Forecas Accuracy The saisics are used o compare how well models fi he ime series. Akaike Informaion Crierion (AIC) and Independen and idenically disribued. 34
3 Schwarz s Bayesian Informaion Crierion (SBC) are some of he measures of accuracy of forecas ha are widely used in SAS. Oher measures used include Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolue Percenage Error (MAPE) and Mean Absolue Deviaion (MAD). Forecas error is given by AIC and SBC are given by ( FE ) ( O ) ( F ) Forecas Error = Observed Value Forecas Value. = ( ( ) ) and SBC 2ln ( L) kln ( n) AIC 2 ln L k Oher measures of forecas accuracy are given by ( ) 2 n MSE = O F, n FE n O MAPE = n = +. FE and MAD =. n In hese formulas, L is he value of he likelihood funcion evaluaed a he parameer esimaes, n is he number of observaions, k is he number of esimaed parameers and =, 2,, n. 5. Idenificaion This is he foremos sep of he Box-Jenkins process of ime series modelling. A imeplo of he MCS is ploed in Figure (a) and checked for saionariy and inveribiliy using visual display of he ACF 2 and PACF 3 graphs. Figure (a) show ha he MCS ime series is no sable and herefore nonsaionary. The nonsaionary behaviour is confirmed by he ACF and PACF plos in Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b) below. Therefore some sor of ransformaion of he series is necessary o make i mean and variance saionary 4. ARIMA models are designed o model saionary ime series. Convering a nonsaionary ime series o a saionary one hrough differencing (where needed) is an imporan par of he process of fiing an ARIMA model. Figure (b) and Figure (c) shows firs order and second order differenced MCS series, respecively. The ACF and PACF plos are shown in Figure 2(c), Figure 2(d), Figure 2(e) and Figure 2(f) below. ACF and PACF plos indicae ha he firs and second differenced MCS series are saionary hence require furher examinaion o esablish he mos suiable ransformaion for he MCS series. Table shows he deails of various ARIMA models along he forecas accuracy measures. An ARIMA model wih leas measures of accuracy paricularly he AIC and SBC is considered an efficien model for predicion. Therefore, for MCS ime series, he ARIMA (, 2, ) is an adequae (bes fi) model because i has he lowes values for AIC and SBC saisics. 6. Parameer Esimaion Table 2 shows he esimaed parameers and he associaed p-values a 5% level of significance. Only he auoregressive parameer is significanly differen from zero a 5% implying ha he consan and he parameer for he moving average coefficiens have lile or no effec on he model. The model variable and facors are given in Table 2. Hence, he mahemaical form of he ARIMA (, 2, ) is 2 a ( B) X = B 7. Diagnisic Check ( ) Verificaion of goodness of fi of any model should include a es as o wheher he residuals form a whie noise process. Diagnisic check helps deermine if an esimaed model is saisically adequae. If he idenified model passes he diagnosic ess, he model is ready o be used for forecasing. If i does no, he diagnosic ess 2 Auocorrelaion funcion. 3 Parial auocorrelaion funcion. 4 A saionary ime series is one whose saisical properies such as mean, variance, auocorrelaion, ec. are all consan over ime. 35
4 MCS ' Time Plo of MCS Series Time (Year) MCS' Plo of Firs Differenced MCS Series Time (Year) (a) (b) Plo of Second Differenced MCS Series Time (Year) (c) Figure. Time plos for d =, d = and d = 2 of MCS series. Table. Measures of accuracy for seleced ARIMA models. ARIMA MODELS AIC SBC RMSE MAPE MAD ARIMA (,, ) , ,53.8 ARIMA (,, ) , ,45.63 ARIMA (,, 2) , ,79.8 ARIMA (2,, ) , ,89.5 ARIMA (, 2, ) ,86, ,56.46 ARIMA (, 2, ) , ,36.6 ARIMA (2, 2, ) , ,58.84 ARIMA (2, 2, 2) , ,86.4 Table 2. Esimaed parameer and significance ess. TYPE Coefficien SE coefficien -saisics p-value Lag Consan 5, , MA () AR ()
5 ACF When d = PACF When d = (a) - (b) ACF When d =.8 PACF When d = (c) -.8 (d) ACF When d = 2.8 PACF When d = (e) Figure 2. The ACF and PACF plos for d =, d = and d = 2 of MCS series. (f) 37
6 should indicae how he model ough o be modified, and a new cycle of idenificaion, esimaion and diagnosis is performed. The Auocorrelaion check for whie noise of an ARIMA (, 2, ) model in Table 4 p-values a 5% level of significance as shown above indicaes ha he model is good because he residuals are a whie noise. 8. Forecasing Box-Jenkins approach o forecasing saionary ime series is relaively simple. The forecas value of X + k given all observaions up unil n he k-sep ahead forecas is denoed by xˆ ( k ). Table 3 shows five year forecass for mobile cellular subscripion using ARIMA (, 2, ). The rajecory of he forecass from 25 o 29 is shown in Figure 3. Table 3. Auocorrelaion check for whie noise. To lag Chi-square DF Pr > ChiSq Auocorrelaions Table 4. Forecass for ARIMA (, 2, ) for mobile cellular subscripion. Forecass for mobile cellular subscripion Year Forecas Sd error 95% confidence limis 25,32,672 95,295 8,547,326 2,96,9 26,48,227,667,67 7,5,64 3,685,85 27,65,78 2,359,965 6,25,333 5,276,228 28,825,22 2,979,34 4,986,42 6,664,2 29,, ,78 4,76,325 8,24, MCS (Thousands) Acual (MNO Subscripion) Fied (Forecas) Figure 3. Forecasing wih ARIMA (, 2, ) for mobile cellular subscripion. 38
7 9. Discussion The ARIMA (, 2, ) is an adequae model which bes fis he mobile cellular subscripion ime series and is herefore suiable for forecasing subscripion. The poenial implicaion of his sudy is ha by developing forecasing models for predicing mobile cellular subscripion in advance on a regular basis is o suppor inernal decisions and planning as well as marke communicaion. The subscripion forecas baseline in his sudy uses hisorical daa from Airel Zambia, MTN Zambia and Zamel. The sudy also provides a model o foresee and allocae appropriae resources o mainain a seady increase in mobile cellular subscripion.. Conclusion In his paper, he Box-Jenkins modelling procedure is used o deermine an ARIMA model and go furher o forecasing. The mobile cellular subscripion daa for he sudy were aken from he adminisraive daa submied o he Zambia Informaion and Communicaions Technology Auhoriy (ZICTA) as quarerly reurns by all hree mobile nework operaors Airel Zambia, MTN Zambia and Zamel. The ime series of annual figures for mobile cellular subscripion for all mobile nework operaors is from 2 o 24 and has a oal of 5 observaions. Resuls show ha he ARIMA (, 2, ) is an adequae model which bes fis he mobile cellular subscripion ime series and is herefore suiable for forecasing subscripion. The model predics a gradual rise in mobile cellular subscripion in he nex 5 years, culminaing o abou 9.% cumulaive increase in 29. Acknowledgemens The auhors are hankful o Zambia Informaion and Communicaions Technology Auhoriy (ZICTA) for providing he daa, Deparmen of Mahemaics and Saisics, Mulungushi Universiy for using heir resources and all he people who helped in making commens on his paper. References [] SAS Insiue Inc. (24) SAS/ETS 3.2 User s Guide: The ARIMA Procedure. SAS Insiue Inc., Cary. [2] Box, G.E. and Jenkins, G.M. (994) Time Series Analysis: Forecasing and Conrol. 3rd Ediion, Prenice Hall, Englewood Cliffs. [3] Wei, W. (99) Time Series Analysis: Univariae and Mulivariae Mehods. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., New York. 39
Modeling and Prediction of the Wireless Vector Channel Encountered by Smart Antenna Systems
Modeling and Predicion of he Wireless Vecor Channel Encounered by Smar Anenna Sysems Kapil R. Dandekar, Albero Arredondo, Hao Ling and Guanghan Xu A Kalman-filer based, vecor auoregressive (VAR) model
More informationMultivariate statistical process control of platinum: a case of mining company in Shabani, Zimbabwe
Naional Universiy of Science and Technolgy NuSpace Insiuional Reposiory Applied Mahemaics hp://ir.nus.ac.zw Applied Mahemaics Publicaions 213-1 Mulivariae saisical process conrol of plainum: a case of
More informationMemorandum on Impulse Winding Tester
Memorandum on Impulse Winding Teser. Esimaion of Inducance by Impulse Response When he volage response is observed afer connecing an elecric charge sored up in he capaciy C o he coil L (including he inside
More informationPulse Train Controlled PCCM Buck-Boost Converter Ming Qina, Fangfang Lib
5h Inernaional Conference on Environmen, Maerials, Chemisry and Power Elecronics (EMCPE 016 Pulse Train Conrolled PCCM Buck-Boos Converer Ming Qina, Fangfang ib School of Elecrical Engineering, Zhengzhou
More informationEvaluation of Instantaneous Reliability Measures for a Gradual Deteriorating System
General Leers in Mahemaic, Vol. 3, No.3, Dec 27, pp. 77-85 e-issn 259-9277, p-issn 259-9269 Available online a hp:\\ www.refaad.com Evaluaion of Insananeous Reliabiliy Measures for a Gradual Deerioraing
More informationA Segmentation Method for Uneven Illumination Particle Images
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5(4): 1284-1289, 2013 ISSN: 2040-7459; e-issn: 2040-7467 Maxwell Scienific Organizaion, 2013 Submied: July 17, 2012 Acceped: Augus 15, 2012
More informationEE 330 Lecture 24. Amplification with Transistor Circuits Small Signal Modelling
EE 330 Lecure 24 Amplificaion wih Transisor Circuis Small Signal Modelling Review from las ime Area Comparison beween BJT and MOSFET BJT Area = 3600 l 2 n-channel MOSFET Area = 168 l 2 Area Raio = 21:1
More informationACTIVITY BASED COSTING FOR MARITIME ENTERPRISES
ACTIVITY BASED COSTING FOR MARITIME ENTERPRISES 1, a 2, b 3, c 4, c Sualp Omer Urkmez David Sockon Reza Ziarai Erdem Bilgili a, b De Monfor Universiy, UK, c TUDEV, Insiue of Mariime Sudies, Turkey 1 sualp@furrans.com.r
More informationAuthor contact details Farid Khan, Curtin University, Ruhul Salim, Curtin University,
The Public R&D and Produciviy Growh in Ausralian Broadacre Agriculure: A Coinegraion and Causaliy Approach Farid Khan and Ruhul Salim Auhor conac deails Farid Khan, Curin Universiy, faridecoru@yahoo.co.uk
More informationDay-of-the-week effects in selected East Asian stock markets
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Day-of-he-week effecs in seleced Eas Asian sock markes Ricky Chee-Jiun Chia and Venus Khim-Sen Liew and Syed Azizi Wafa Syed Khalid Wafa Labuan School of Inernaional
More informationRole of Kalman Filters in Probabilistic Algorithm
Volume 118 No. 11 2018, 5-10 ISSN: 1311-8080 (prined version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: hp://www.ijpam.eu doi: 10.12732/ijpam.v118i11.2 ijpam.eu Role of Kalman Filers in Probabilisic Algorihm
More informationMotion-blurred star image acquisition and restoration method based on the separable kernel Honglin Yuana, Fan Lib and Tao Yuc
5h Inernaional Conference on Advanced Maerials and Compuer Science (ICAMCS 206) Moion-blurred sar image acquisiion and resoraion mehod based on he separable kernel Honglin Yuana, Fan Lib and Tao Yuc Beihang
More informationECE-517 Reinforcement Learning in Artificial Intelligence
ECE-517 Reinforcemen Learning in Arificial Inelligence Lecure 11: Temporal Difference Learning (con.), Eligibiliy Traces Ocober 8, 2015 Dr. Iamar Arel College of Engineering Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering
More informationPhase-Shifting Control of Double Pulse in Harmonic Elimination Wei Peng1, a*, Junhong Zhang1, Jianxin gao1, b, Guangyi Li1, c
Inernaional Symposium on Mechanical Engineering and Maerial Science (ISMEMS 016 Phase-Shifing Conrol of Double Pulse in Harmonic Eliminaion Wei Peng1, a*, Junhong Zhang1, Jianxin gao1, b, Guangyi i1, c
More informationPointwise Image Operations
Poinwise Image Operaions Binary Image Analysis Jana Kosecka hp://cs.gmu.edu/~kosecka/cs482.hml - Lookup able mach image inensiy o he displayed brighness values Manipulaion of he lookup able differen Visual
More informationP. Bruschi: Project guidelines PSM Project guidelines.
Projec guidelines. 1. Rules for he execuion of he projecs Projecs are opional. Their aim is o improve he sudens knowledge of he basic full-cusom design flow. The final score of he exam is no affeced by
More informationCOMPARISON OF RAY TRACING SIMULATIONS AND MILLIMETER WAVE CHANNEL SOUNDING MEASUREMENTS
COMPARISON OF RAY TRACING SIMULATIONS AND MILLIMETER WAVE CHANNEL SOUNDING MEASUREMENTS Behnam Neekzad, Kamran Sayrafian-Pour*, Julio Perez, John S. Baras Universiy of Maryland *Naional Insiue of Sandard
More informationLecture September 6, 2011
cs294-p29 Seminar on Algorihmic Game heory Sepember 6, 2011 Lecure Sepember 6, 2011 Lecurer: Chrisos H. Papadimiriou Scribes: Aloni Cohen and James Andrews 1 Game Represenaion 1.1 abular Form and he Problem
More informationEstimating a Time-Varying Phillips Curve for South Africa
Esimaing a Time-Varying Phillips Curve for Souh Africa Alain Kabundi* 1 Eric Schaling** Modese Some*** *Souh African Reserve Bank ** Wis Business School and VU Universiy Amserdam *** World Bank 27 Ocober
More informationDirect Analysis of Wave Digital Network of Microstrip Structure with Step Discontinuities
Direc Analysis of Wave Digial Nework of Microsrip Srucure wih Sep Disconinuiies BILJANA P. SOŠIĆ Faculy of Elecronic Engineering Universiy of Niš Aleksandra Medvedeva 4, Niš SERBIA MIODRAG V. GMIROVIĆ
More informationLecture 4. EITN Chapter 12, 13 Modulation and diversity. Antenna noise is usually given as a noise temperature!
Lecure 4 EITN75 2018 Chaper 12, 13 Modulaion and diversiy Receiver noise: repeiion Anenna noise is usually given as a noise emperaure! Noise facors or noise figures of differen sysem componens are deermined
More informationA Hybrid Method to Improve Forecasting Accuracy in the Case of Sanitary Materials Data
(IJACSA) Inernaional Journal of Advanced Compuer Science and Applicaions, Vol., No., 04 A Hybrid Mehod o Improve Forecasing Accuracy in he Case of Saniary Maerials Daa Daisuke Takeyasu Graduae School of
More informationHIGH THROUGHPUT EVALUATION OF SHA-1 IMPLEMENTATION USING UNFOLDING TRANSFORMATION
VOL., NO. 5, MARCH 26 ISSN 89-668 26-26 Asian Research Publishing Nework (ARPN). All righs reserved. HIGH THROUGHPUT EVALUATION OF SHA- IMPLEMENTATION USING UNFOLDING TRANSFORMATION Shamsiah Bini Suhaili
More informationIranian Journal of Economic Studies. The Role of ICT Indices in Tourism Demand of Iran (The FMOLS Co-integrating Approach)
Iranian Journal of Economic Sudies, 5(2) 2016, 209-221 Iranian Journal of Economic Sudies Journal homepage: ijes.shirazu.ac.ir The Role of ICT Indices in Tourism Demand of Iran (The FMOLS Co-inegraing
More informationThe design of an improved matched filter in DSSS-GMSK system
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS The design of an improved mached filer in DSSS-GMSK sysem To cie his aricle: Mao Wei-ong e al 16 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 679 1 View he aricle online
More informationA Multi-model Kalman Filter Clock Synchronization Algorithm based on Hypothesis Testing in Wireless Sensor Networks
nd Inernaional Conference on Elecronic & Mechanical Engineering and Informaion Technology (EMEIT-) A Muli-model Kalman Filer Clock Synchronizaion Algorihm based on Hypohesis Tesing in Wireless Sensor Neworks
More informationIncreasing Measurement Accuracy via Corrective Filtering in Digital Signal Processing
ISSN(Online): 39-8753 ISSN (Prin): 347-67 Engineering and echnology (An ISO 397: 7 Cerified Organizaion) Vol. 6, Issue 5, ay 7 Increasing easuremen Accuracy via Correcive Filering in Digial Signal Processing
More informationNo 1015 / February Inflation forecasting in. Member States. by Olga Arratibel, Christophe Kamps and Nadine Leiner-Killinger
Working Paper Series No 1015 / Inflaion forecasing in he New EU Member Saes by Olga Arraibel, Chrisophe Kamps and Nadine Leiner-Killinger WORKING PAPER SERIES NO 1015 / FEBRUARY 2009 INFLATION FORECASTING
More informationthe next step in tyre modeling
Igo Besselink Applicaions of SWIFT-Tyre: he nex sep in yre modeling TNO Auomoive TNO Auomoive: applicaions of SWIFT-Tyre November 2001 1 Conens Relaion beween MDI and TNO Auomoive New developmens for ADAMS
More informationSocial-aware Dynamic Router Node Placement in Wireless Mesh Networks
Social-aware Dynamic Rouer Node Placemen in Wireless Mesh Neworks Chun-Cheng Lin Pei-Tsung Tseng Ting-Yu Wu Der-Jiunn Deng ** Absrac The problem of dynamic rouer node placemen (dynrnp) in wireless mesh
More information# $%&' &!(! $% $ )) ) * )! "
# $%&'!( $%))*! " INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: WHAT IS THE ACTUAL IMPORTANCE OF R&D? Argenino Pessoa Faculdade de Economia do Poro Rua Dr. Robero Frias 4200-464 Poro, Porugal Email: apessoa@fep.up.p
More informationForeign Fiber Image Segmentation Based on Maximum Entropy and Genetic Algorithm
Journal of Compuer and Communicaions, 215, 3, 1-7 Published Online November 215 in SciRes. hp://www.scirp.org/journal/jcc hp://dx.doi.org/1.4236/jcc.215.3111 Foreign Fiber Image Segmenaion Based on Maximum
More informationComparing image compression predictors using fractal dimension
Comparing image compression predicors using fracal dimension RADU DOBRESCU, MAEI DOBRESCU, SEFA MOCAU, SEBASIA ARALUGA Faculy of Conrol & Compuers POLIEHICA Universiy of Buchares Splaiul Independenei 313
More information* Author's address: J. J. Appl. Sci., Vol.11, No. 2 (2008)
J. J. Appl. Sci., Vol., No. (8) 8/7/ : : 7//3 : Kaddumi, Thair A. (8) Facors Affecing he Spread of Elecronic Banking: an Empirical Sudy on he Jordanian Commercial Banks. J.J. Appl. Sci: Humaniies Series
More informationOn the disappearance of Tuesday effect in Australia
Edih Cowan Universiy Research Online ECU Publicaions Pre. 2011 2001 On he disappearance of Tuesday effec in Ausralia Chien-Ting Lin Lee Kian Lim Lin, C., & Lim, L. (2001). On he disappearance of Tuesday
More informationClustering Characteristics of Millimeter Wave Indoor Channels
This full ex paper was peer reviewed a he direcion of IEEE Communicaions Sociey subjec maer expers for publicaion in he WCNC 8 proceedings. Clusering Characerisics of Millimeer Wave Indoor Channels Behnam
More informationState Space Modeling, Simulation and Comparative Analysis of a conceptualised Electrical Control Signal Transmission Cable for ROVs
Sae Space Modeling, Simulaion and omparaive Analysis of a concepualised Elecrical onrol Signal ransmission able for ROVs James Naganda, Deparmen of Elecronic Engineering, Konkuk Universiy, Seoul, Korea
More informationFault Diagnosis System Identification Based on Impedance Matching Balance Transformer
Inernaional Conference on Advanced Maerial Science and Environmenal Engineering (AMSEE 06) Faul Diagnosis Sysem Idenificaion Based on Impedance Maching Balance ransformer Yanjun Ren* and Xinli Deng Chongqing
More informationLaplacian Mixture Modeling for Overcomplete Mixing Matrix in Wavelet Packet Domain by Adaptive EM-type Algorithm and Comparisons
Proceedings of he 5h WSEAS Inernaional Conference on Signal Processing, Isanbul, urey, May 7-9, 6 (pp45-5) Laplacian Mixure Modeling for Overcomplee Mixing Marix in Wavele Pace Domain by Adapive EM-ype
More informationExperiment 6: Transmission Line Pulse Response
Eperimen 6: Transmission Line Pulse Response Lossless Disribued Neworks When he ime required for a pulse signal o raverse a circui is on he order of he rise or fall ime of he pulse, i is no longer possible
More informationAutomated oestrus detection method for group housed sows using acceleration measurements
Auomaed oesrus deecion mehod for group housed sows using acceleraion measuremens C. Cornou and T. Heiskanen Deparmen of Large Animal Sciences, Faculy of Life Sciences, Universiy of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej,
More informationVoIP over a wired link
VoIP over a wired link 1 1 Wireless Communicaions Phil Fleming Nework Advanced Technology Group Moorola, Inc. 1 3 3 3 Wireless Communicaions For he personal use of he paricipans in he IMA summer program
More informationHong Kong Statistical Society
1 香港統計學會 Hong Kong Saisical Sociey c/o Deparmen of Saisics & Acuarial Science, The Universiy of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong hp://www.hkss.org.hk Bullein Volume 6 No. December 003 Edior's Foreword
More informationChannel Estimation for Wired MIMO Communication Systems
Channel Esimaion for Wired MIMO Communicaion Sysems Final Repor Mulidimensional DSP Projec, Spring 2005 Daifeng Wang Absrac This repor addresses raining-based channel modeling and esimaion for a wired
More informationDead Zone Compensation Method of H-Bridge Inverter Series Structure
nd Inernaional Conference on Elecrical, Auomaion and Mechanical Engineering (EAME 7) Dead Zone Compensaion Mehod of H-Bridge Inverer Series Srucure Wei Li Insiue of Elecrical Engineering and Informaion
More informationEstimation of production function and labor productivity rate in Aghajari Oil and Gas Production Company
VOL. 5, NO. 2, 207 Singaporean Journal of BuSineSS Economics, and managemen sudies (sjbem) DOI: 0.286/0039976 Research Research Aricle Aricle NBL NLB Esimaion of producion funcion and labor produciviy
More informationNotes on the Fourier Transform
Noes on he Fourier Transform The Fourier ransform is a mahemaical mehod for describing a coninuous funcion as a series of sine and cosine funcions. The Fourier Transform is produced by applying a series
More informationLecture #7: Discrete-time Signals and Sampling
EEL335: Discree-Time Signals and Sysems Lecure #7: Discree-ime Signals and Sampling. Inroducion Lecure #7: Discree-ime Signals and Sampling Unlike coninuous-ime signals, discree-ime signals have defined
More informationA Complexity Reliability Model
20h Inernaional Symposium on Sofware Reliabiliy Engineering A Complexiy Reliabiliy Model orm Schneidewind 1 and Mike Hinchey 2 1 aval Posgraduae School, Monerey, CA, USA 2 Lero he Irish Sofware Engineering
More informationPower Loss Research on IGCT-applied NPC Three-level Converter
ELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Elecrical Engineering Vol.2, No.7, July 204, pp. 554 ~ 562 DOI: 0.59/elkomnika.v2i7.5908 554 Power Loss Research on IGC-applied NPC hree-level Converer Dong Xu*, Min-Xiao
More informationStudy and Analysis of Various Tuning Methods of PID Controller for AVR System
Inernaional Journal of esearch in Elecrical & Elecronics Engineering olume, Issue, July-Sepember, 203, pp. 93-98, IASTE 203 www.iaser.com, Online: 2347-5439, Prin: 2348-0025 ABSTACT Sudy and Analysis of
More informationTransmit Beamforming with Reduced Feedback Information in OFDM Based Wireless Systems
Transmi Beamforming wih educed Feedback Informaion in OFDM Based Wireless Sysems Seung-Hyeon Yang, Jae-Yun Ko, and Yong-Hwan Lee School of Elecrical Engineering and INMC, Seoul Naional Universiy Kwanak
More informationMAP-AIDED POSITIONING SYSTEM
Paper Code: F02I131 MAP-AIDED POSITIONING SYSTEM Forssell, Urban 1 Hall, Peer 1 Ahlqvis, Sefan 1 Gusafsson, Fredrik 2 1 NIRA Dynamics AB, Sweden; 2 Linköpings universie, Sweden Keywords Posiioning; Navigaion;
More informationSimulation Analysis of DC-DC Circuit Based on Simulink in Intelligent Vehicle Terminal
Open Access Library Journal 218, Volume 5, e4682 ISSN Online: 2333-9721 ISSN Prin: 2333-975 Simulai Analysis of DC-DC Circui Based Simulink in Inelligen Vehicle erminal Weiran Li, Guoping Yang College
More informationTRIPLE-FREQUENCY IONOSPHERE-FREE PHASE COMBINATIONS FOR AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION
TRIPL-FRQCY IOOSPHR-FR PHAS COMBIATIOS FOR AMBIGITY RSOLTIO D. Odijk, P.J.G. Teunissen and C.C.J.M. Tiberius Absrac Linear combinaions of he carrier phase daa which are independen of he ionospheric delays
More informationDouble Tangent Sampling Method for Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation
Compuaional and Applied Mahemaics Journal 2018; 4(1): 8-14 hp://www.aasci.org/journal/camj ISS: 2381-1218 (Prin); ISS: 2381-1226 (Online) Double Tangen Sampling Mehod for Sinusoidal Pulse Widh Modulaion
More informationUndamped, Length Varying TLP Pulses Measurements and ESD Model Approximations
Undamped, Lengh arying TLP Pulses Measuremens and ESD Model Approximaions Gonzalo Andrés Pacheco, Julio Guillermo Zola Elecronic Circuis Laboraory Elecronic Deparmen Faculy of Engineering Universiy of
More informationTELE4652 Mobile and Satellite Communications
TELE465 Mobile and Saellie Communicaions Assignmen (Due: 4pm, Monday 7 h Ocober) To be submied o he lecurer before he beginning of he final lecure o be held a his ime.. This quesion considers Minimum Shif
More informationAuto-Tuning of PID Controllers via Extremum Seeking
25 American Conrol Conference June 8-, 25. Porland, OR, USA ThA7.2 Auo-Tuning of PID Conrollers via Exremum Seeking Nick illingsworh* and Miroslav rsić Deparmen of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
More informationA New Voltage Sag and Swell Compensator Switched by Hysteresis Voltage Control Method
Proceedings of he 8h WSEAS Inernaional Conference on ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS, HIGH VOLTAGES, ELECTRIC MACHINES (POWER '8) A New Volage Sag and Swell Compensaor Swiched by Hyseresis Volage Conrol Mehod AMIR
More informationAN303 APPLICATION NOTE
AN303 APPLICATION NOTE LATCHING CURRENT INTRODUCTION An imporan problem concerning he uilizaion of componens such as hyrisors or riacs is he holding of he componen in he conducing sae afer he rigger curren
More informationInvestigation and Simulation Model Results of High Density Wireless Power Harvesting and Transfer Method
Invesigaion and Simulaion Model Resuls of High Densiy Wireless Power Harvesing and Transfer Mehod Jaber A. Abu Qahouq, Senior Member, IEEE, and Zhigang Dang The Universiy of Alabama Deparmen of Elecrical
More informationPREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE WITH IMPERFECT REPAIRS OF VEHICLES
Journal of KONES Powerrain and Transpor, Vol.14, No. 3 2007 PEVENTIVE MAINTENANCE WITH IMPEFECT EPAIS OF VEHICLES Józef Okulewicz, Tadeusz Salamonowicz Warsaw Universiy of Technology Faculy of Transpor
More informationComparitive Analysis of Image Segmentation Techniques
ISSN: 78 33 Volume, Issue 9, Sepember 3 Compariive Analysis of Image Segmenaion echniques Rohi Sardana Pursuing Maser of echnology (Compuer Science and Engineering) GJU S& Hissar, Haryana Absrac Image
More informationHow to Shorten First Order Unit Testing Time. Piotr Mróz 1
How o Shoren Firs Order Uni Tesing Time Pior Mróz 1 1 Universiy of Zielona Góra, Faculy of Elecrical Engineering, Compuer Science and Telecommunicaions, ul. Podgórna 5, 65-246, Zielona Góra, Poland, phone
More informationFuzzy Inference Model for Learning from Experiences and Its Application to Robot Navigation
Fuzzy Inference Model for Learning from Experiences and Is Applicaion o Robo Navigaion Manabu Gouko, Yoshihiro Sugaya and Hiroomo Aso Deparmen of Elecrical and Communicaion Engineering, Graduae School
More informationKnowledge Transfer in Semi-automatic Image Interpretation
Knowledge Transfer in Semi-auomaic Image Inerpreaion Jun Zhou 1, Li Cheng 2, Terry Caelli 23, and Waler F. Bischof 1 1 Deparmen of Compuing Science, Universiy of Albera, Edmonon, Albera, Canada T6G 2E8
More informationISSCC 2007 / SESSION 29 / ANALOG AND POWER MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES / 29.8
ISSCC 27 / SESSION 29 / ANALOG AND POWER MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES / 29.8 29.8 A 3GHz Swiching DC-DC Converer Using Clock- Tree Charge-Recycling in 9nm CMOS wih Inegraed Oupu Filer Mehdi Alimadadi, Samad Sheikhaei,
More informationAccurate Tunable-Gain 1/x Circuit Using Capacitor Charging Scheme
Accurae Tunable-Gain 1/x Circui Using Capacior Charging Scheme Byung-Do Yang and Seo Weon Heo This paper proposes an accurae unable-gain 1/x circui. The oupu volage of he 1/x circui is generaed by using
More informationAn Automated Fish Counting Algorithm in Aquaculture Based on Image Processing
Inernaional Forum on Mechanical, Conrol and Auomaion (IFMCA 06) An Auomaed Fish Couning Algorihm in Aquaculure Based on Image Processing Jiuyi Le,a, Lihong Xu,b College of Elecronics and Informaion Engineering,
More informationJitter Analysis of Current-Mode Logic Frequency Dividers
Universiy of California a Davis, Deparmen of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering Marko Aleksic Jier Analysis of Curren-Mode Logic Frequency Dividers Ph.D. Research Proposal able of Conens Secion : Inroducion
More informationA Flexible Contention Resolution Scheme for QoS Provisioning in Optical Burst Switching Networks
A Flexible Conenion Resoluion Scheme for QoS Provisioning in Opical Burs Swiching Neworks Ashok K. Turuk a, Rajeev Kumar b,,1 a Deparmen of Compuer Science and Engineering, Naional Insiue of Technology,
More informationA Simplified Approach to Understanding the Kalman Filter Technique
Universiy of Richmond UR Scholarship Reposiory Finance Faculy Publicaions Finance 008 A Simplified Approach o Undersanding he Kalman Filer Technique Tom Arnold Universiy of Richmond, arnold@richmond.edu
More informationCycles of Technology, Natural Resources and Economic Growth
Cycles of Technology, Naural Resources and Economic Growh By Susanna Lundsröm Α Deparmen of Economics Göeborg Universiy June, 22 Β Prepared for he 22 World Congress of Environmenal and Resource Economiss,
More informationDemodulation Based Testing of Off Chip Driver Performance
Demodulaion Based Tesing of Off Driver Performance Wilfried Daehn Hochschule Magdeburg-Sendahl Fachbereich Elekroechnik Posfach 368 39 Magdeburg Phone: ++49 39 886 4673 Fa: ++49 39 886 426 Email: wilfried.daehn@compuer.org
More informationEE201 Circuit Theory I Fall
EE1 Circui Theory I 17 Fall 1. Basic Conceps Chaper 1 of Nilsson - 3 Hrs. Inroducion, Curren and Volage, Power and Energy. Basic Laws Chaper &3 of Nilsson - 6 Hrs. Volage and Curren Sources, Ohm s Law,
More informationThe regsubseq Package
The regsubseq Package Sepember 30, 2007 Type Package Tile Deec and Tes Regular Sequences and Subsequences Version 0.10 Dae 2007-09-27 Auhor Mainainer For a sequence of even occurence
More informationParameters Affecting Lightning Backflash Over Pattern at 132kV Double Circuit Transmission Lines
Parameers Affecing Lighning Backflash Over Paern a 132kV Double Circui Transmission Lines Dian Najihah Abu Talib 1,a, Ab. Halim Abu Bakar 2,b, Hazlie Mokhlis 1 1 Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering, Faculy
More information(This lesson plan assumes the students are using an air-powered rocket as described in the Materials section.)
The Mah Projecs Journal Page 1 PROJECT MISSION o MArs inroducion Many sae mah sandards and mos curricula involving quadraic equaions require sudens o solve "falling objec" or "projecile" problems, which
More informationPerformance Study of Positioning Structures for Underwater Sensor Networks
PROCEEDINGS OF THE nd WORKSHOP ON POSITIONING, NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATION (WPNC 05) & 1s ULTRA-WIDEBAND EXPERT TALK (UET'05) Performance Sudy of Posiioning Srucures for Underwaer Sensor Neworks Jose
More informationEECE 301 Signals & Systems Prof. Mark Fowler
EECE 3 Signals & Sysems Prof. Mark Fowler Noe Se #8 C-T Sysems: Frequency-Domain Analysis of Sysems Reading Assignmen: Secion 5.2 of Kamen and Heck /2 Course Flow Diagram The arrows here show concepual
More informationAnswer Key for Week 3 Homework = 100 = 140 = 138
Econ 110D Fall 2009 K.D. Hoover Answer Key for Week 3 Homework Problem 4.1 a) Laspeyres price index in 2006 = 100 (1 20) + (0.75 20) Laspeyres price index in 2007 = 100 (0.75 20) + (0.5 20) 20 + 15 = 100
More informationTeacher Supplement to Operation Comics, Issue #5
eacher Supplemen o Operaion Comics, Issue #5 he purpose of his supplemen is o provide conen suppor for he mahemaics embedded ino he fifh issue of Operaion Comics, and o show how he mahemaics addresses
More informationA New Measurement Method of the Dynamic Contact Resistance of HV Circuit Breakers
A New Measuremen Mehod of he Dynamic Conac Resisance of HV Circui Breakers M. Landry*, A. Mercier, G. Ouelle, C. Rajoe, J. Caron, M. Roy Hydro-Québec Fouad Brikci Zensol Auomaion Inc. (CANADA) Inroducion
More informationConstructing a conditional GDP fan chart with an application to French business survey data
Workshop DGECFIN, Bruxelles, 16 November 010 Consrucing a condiional GDP fan char wih an applicaion o French business survey daa Mahieu CORNEC INSEE Business Surveys Uni Draf, version 11/4/010 Absrac Among
More informationOpenStax-CNX module: m Elemental Signals. Don Johnson. Perhaps the most common real-valued signal is the sinusoid.
OpenSax-CNX module: m0004 Elemenal Signals Don Johnson This work is produced by OpenSax-CNX and licensed under he Creaive Commons Aribuion License.0 Absrac Complex signals can be buil from elemenal signals,
More informationEvaluation of the Digital images of Penaeid Prawns Species Using Canny Edge Detection and Otsu Thresholding Segmentation
Inernaional Associaion of Scienific Innovaion and Research (IASIR) (An Associaion Unifying he Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) Inernaional Journal of Emerging Technologies in Compuaional and
More informationMobile Robot Localization Using Fusion of Object Recognition and Range Information
007 IEEE Inernaional Conference on Roboics and Auomaion Roma, Ialy, 10-14 April 007 FrB1.3 Mobile Robo Localizaion Using Fusion of Objec Recogniion and Range Informaion Byung-Doo Yim, Yong-Ju Lee, Jae-Bok
More informationWideband characterization of the urban PCS channel
Wideband characerizaion of he urban PCS channel Aris L. Mousakas, Sridhar Arunachalam, Kam H. Wu and Howard Heller Wireless Advanced Technology Laboraory Lucen Technologies Bell Laboraories 67 Whippany
More informationMulticarrier-Based QAPM Modulation System for the Low Power Consumption and High Data Rates
Mobile New Appl (202) 7:45 52 DOI 0.007/s036-0-0308-4 Mulicarrier-Based QAPM Modulaion Sysem for he Low Power Consumpion and High Daa Raes Jae-Hoon Choi & Heung-Gyoon Ryu & Xuedong Liang Published online:
More informationCoexistence of Ultra-Wideband Systems with IEEE a Wireless LANs
Coexisence of Ulra-Wideband Sysems wih IEEE-8.11a Wireless LANs J. Bellorado 1, S.S. Ghassemzadeh, L. J. Greensein 3, T. Sveinsson 1, V. Tarokh 1 Absrac In his sudy we provide a physical layer based analysis
More informationCommunications II Lecture 7: Performance of digital modulation
Communicaions II Lecure 7: Performance of digial modulaion Professor Kin K. Leung EEE and Compuing Deparmens Imperial College London Copyrigh reserved Ouline Digial modulaion and demodulaion Error probabiliy
More informationDevelopment of Temporary Ground Wire Detection Device
Inernaional Journal of Smar Grid and Clean Energy Developmen of Temporary Ground Wire Deecion Device Jing Jiang* and Tao Yu a Elecric Power College, Souh China Universiy of Technology, Guangzhou 5164,
More informationImproving the Performance of Single Chip Image Capture Devices
Digial Commons@ Loyola Marymoun Universiy and Loyola Law School Elecrical Engineering & Compuer Science Faculy Works Elecrical Engineering & Compuer Science --2003 Improving he Performance of Single Chip
More informationOn the relationship between innovation and export: the case of Australian SMEs
On he relaionship beween innovaion and expor: he case of Ausralian SMEs Alfons Palangkaraya Melbourne Insiue of Applied Economic and Social Research & Inellecual Propery Research Insiue of Ausralia The
More informationDevelopment and Validation of Flat-Plate Collector Testing Procedures
Developmen and Validaion of Fla-Plae Collecor Tesing Procedures Repor for November, 2006 Focus on Energy (FOE) suppors solar hermal sysems ha displace convenional fuels by offering cash-back rebaes ha
More informationThe Relationship Between Creation and Innovation
The Relaionship Beween Creaion and DONG Zhenyu, ZHAO Jingsong Inner Mongolia Universiy of Science and Technology, Baoou, Inner Mongolia, P.R.China, 014010 Absrac:Based on he compleion of Difference and
More informationGP Algorithm versus Hybrid and Mixed Neural Networks
CENTRE FOR EMEA BANKING, FINANCE & ECONOMICS GP Algorihm versus Hybrid and Mixed Neural Neworks Andreas Karahanasopoulos Working Paper Series No 16/11 GP Algorihm versus Hybrid and Mixed Neural Neworks
More informationRevista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa E-ISSN: X Universidad Pablo de Olavide España
Revisa de Méodos Cuaniaivos para la Economía y la Empresa E-ISSN: 1886-516X ed_revmecuan@upo.es Universidad Pablo de Olavide España Glynn, John; Perera, Nelson; Verma, Reeu Uni Roo Tess and Srucural Breaks:
More informationEfficient burst assembly algorithm with traffic prediction
Efficien burs assembly algorihm wih raffic predicion Mmoloki Mangwala, Boyce B. Sigweni and Bakhe M. Nleya Deparmen of compuer science Norh Wes Universiy, Privae Bag X2046, Mmabaho, 2735 Tel: +27 8 3892,
More information