Reactors for filtering

Transcription

1 NEW ZEALAND Unit 6/22 Moselle Ave, Henderson, Auckland, New Zealand PO Box , Henderson, Auckland, New Zealand Phone: info@LPINZ.co.nz Web: Reactors for filtering

2 Introduction 3 P.7 - Reactors for filtering Product selection table 5 Reactors R / RB Reactors III for harmonic rejection filters (for FR) 7 Reactors RE / RBE Reactors III for harmonic rejection filters (for FRE static) 10 Reactors LR / LRB Reactors for filtering for power converters (network side) 12 P7-2

3 Protection and control Reactors for filtering Many of the low voltage alteration problems can be corrected with filters. In particular, CIRCUTOR has developed an integral power filter manufacturing program to correct the following problems: Resonance problems in the LV networks, caused by the power factor compensation equipment Rejection of harmonics in some parts of the installation Absorption of harmonics to reduce the distortion rate (THD) of the installation Limitation of the short-circuit power in some installation points a resonance frequency that is far away from the harmonic frequencies present in the network. The purpose of the rejection filter is to prevent the resonance between the inductive impedance resulting from the line, power supply transformer and capacitors installed to compensate the power factor and thus prevent an overload of harmonics in the line and the capacitors. The filter is composed of various L-C branches, with a special configuration and response curve, as shown in Fig. 1. The complete filter set can be composed with any number of branches to compensate the reactive energy present in the installation. P.7 Filtering of the current absorbed by static converters (speed variators, etc.) in the alternating or direct current side. CIRCUTOR has the adequate machinery to manufacture any type of LV reactors, in accordance with the customer's specifications. The reactors for this type of filters are specified by the so-called "overvoltage factor", p%, which provides the ration between the reactor and capacitor voltages, establishing the resonance of the L-C set. In addition, it tunes a different frequency that is far from harmonic frequencies. Setup of the rejection filter Reactors for rejection filters p (%) = 100 U L / U C = 100 (f / f r ) 2 A series of capacitor capacitor banks with rejection reactors must be installed to compensate the reactive energy in installations with a high content of harmonics. U L : Voltage drop in the reactor U C : Resulting voltage in the capacitor f: nominal frequency in the network f r : serial frequency tuned by the L-C set Response in standard frequencies In this case, the solution entails the addition of a reactor in series with each capacitor, forming a rejection filter with Direct conversion db / 0.1 Ω to Ω Z Z Z Z (db / 0.1 Ω) Filter (db / 0.1 Ω) Filter 0 0, ,00 2 0, ,25 4 0, ,58 6 0, ,99 8 0, , , , , , , , , , , ,94 Table 1: Conversion of db / 0.1 Ω to Ω P7-3

4 Switching micro-drop filtering in the network and motor Point PCC Inverter Other loads The impedances of filters are generally displayed on logarithmic charts, showing the impedances related to a standard value in order (in our case 0.1 Ω), depending on the frequency (axis of abcissas). The unit is displayed as (db / 0.1 Ω) and defined as: Z (db / 0.1 Ω) = 20 log [Z (filter) / 0.1 Ω] Filter reactors for power converters available. However, CIRCUTOR can design and manufacture the adequate reactors to cater for any need. Fig. 2a and 2b show an example of the typical response of two filter branches for harmonics 5 and 7. Fig. 2c shows the response of a bank of filters composed of branches 5, 7, 11, 13 and an overlapping stage for n > 15. PCC voltage without L red Motor current without L mot PCC voltage with L red Motor current with L mot The speed regulators for direct and alternating current motors (frequency variators), UPS systems and, in general, all converters based on thyristors or power transistors, are prone to the generation of alterations in the network or an excessive rippling in the direct current side (motor, in the case of dc regulators). These alterations affect adjoining equipment and can even affect the operation of the converter. Mains current without L cc Mains current with L cc The basic types of problems are as follows: Fig.2a. Response in branch frequencies n = 5 Elimination of micro-drops and filtering of harmonics Micro-drops in the voltage and excessive di/dt on the network side with the abovementioned equipment Other loads Commutation choke Current peaks in frequency variators, caused by the connection of capacitors to the direct current stage Excessive rippling and switching sparks in the motor of dc equipment Absortion filter Switching improvement inductance in dc All of these problems can be solved with shock reactors or filters, as shown on table 2. Reactors for absorption filters These filters are composed of the branches, groups of L-C branches or harmonics being filtered. The resonance frequencies of the different groups are identical to those of the harmonics being filtered. Fig.2b. Response in branch frequencies n = 7 Mains current without L cc Table 1. Filter reactors Mains current with L cc In construction terms, each branch is similar to that of a rejection filter, but the maximum harmonic current filtered is the important information in this case, so that the inductance and capacitor must be dimensioned for such purposes. There are many different requirements and there are no standard components Fig.2c. Response in filter frequencies with n = 5, 7, 11, 13, >15 P7-4

5 R / RX Reactors Reactors III for harmonic rejection filters Description Features CIRCUTOR has a standard range of rejection reactors p = 7 %, with a resonance frequency of 189 Hz for 50 Hz networks (or on demand 227 Hz for 60 Hz networks). This is the most frequent tuning value to avoid any resonance of the 5th harmonic and above. The set of capacitors-reactors absorbs part of the current of the 5th harmonic and acts as a rejection filter for higher frequencies. In some installations, other values of p % are required, for example 5.6 % (210 Hz), 6 % (204 Hz), 14 % (134 Hz), etc. CIRCUTOR can build reactors on demand, which will be adapted to any power rating, p %, voltage and frequency. Low-powered reactors, R type, are built with plates with low losses and are coiled with a copper conductor. The connection is achieved with the adequate terminals. In the case of higher power ratings, RB reactors are used, with a magnetic plate nucleus and multiple steel cores, which offer excellent characteristics and a low loss ratio. Aluminum band coils are used (or copper band, on demand) and the input and output connections run through a plate. Features Voltage Network frequency Power rating Value of p % Type of conductor Tolerance L ± 5 % Linearity (5 % L) Isolation voltage 400 V On demand: up to 1000 V 50 Hz On demand: 60 Hz In accordance with the table Other values on demand 7 % (189 Hz) Other values on demand R: copper wire RB: aluminum band 1.8 I n 4 kv Maximum room temperature -10 ºC ºC Internal isolation Class F (155 ºC) On demand: class H (180 ºC) Maximum overload Permanent 1.17 I n Temporary (1 min) 2 I n Safety Protection thermostat Opening at 90 ºC Degree of protection IP 00 Indoor Installation Standards UNE-EN-60289, IEC Application Both R and RB type reactors have a vacuum varnish sealing to increase the insulation, providing a greater mechanical resistance and reduce the level of noise. The rejection reactors of the R / RB series have been specially designed for their use in capacitor banks in installations with a high harmonic content. The reactors must be connected in series to each capacitor for the adequate protection of capacitors and to avoid the resonance effects in the installation. P7-5

6 R / RX / RB / RBX Reactors Reactors III for harmonic rejection filters Dimensions R - 7% RB - 7% RX - 7% RBX - 7% Type a b c d e f g R R R R R R R R R R R R Type a b c d e f g RX-6, RX-12, RX RX RBX RBX RBX RBX RBX RBX RBX P7-6

7 R / RX / RB / RBX Reactors Reactors III for harmonic rejection filters Connections Reactancia Condensador References Reactors III series R / RB at 400 Vac, 50 Hz, p = 7 % (189 HZ) For capacitors: kvar I n (A) L (mh) Losses Weight (kg) Type Code CF 46 / 6 5 7,5 7,66 25 W 6 R / R P70110 CF 46 / ,83 50 W 8 R / R-12,5-460 P70115 CF 46 / ,55 57 W 9,5 R / R P70117 CF 46 / ,92 76 W 14 RB / RB P70125 CF 46 / ,53 90 W 14 RB / RB P70130 CF 46 / , W 19 RB / RB P70135 CF 46 / , W 20 RB / RB P70140 CF 46 / , W 27 RB / RB P70145 CF 46 / , W 31 RB / RB P70150 CF 46 / , W 38 RB / RB P70155 CF 46 / 62 x , W 50 RB / RB P70160 CF 46 / 74 x , W 58 RB / RB P70165 Reactors III series R / RB at 400 Vac, 50 Hz, p = 7 % (189 HZ) For capacitors: kvar I n (A) L (mh) Losses Weight (kg) Type Code CFB 46 / 7,5 6,25 9 6, RX-6, P7101F CFB 46 / 15 12,5 18 3, ,2 RX-12,5-400 P71013 CFB 46 / , ,5 RX P71015 CFB 46 / , RX P71016 CFB 46 / , RBX P72125 CFB 46 / , RBX P72130 CFB 46 / , ,5 RBX P72135 CFB 46 / , ,5 RBX P72140 CFB 46 / , ,5 RBX P72145 CFB 46 / , ,7 RBX P72150 CFB 46 / , RBX P72155 P7-7

8 Reactors RE / RBE Reactors III for static capacitor banks Description Features CIRCUTOR has standardized the reactors of the RE / RBE series, with a special design for their use in static capacitor banks. The best operation of the set requires the reactors to be connected within the triangle composed by the capacitor-reactor set. At the same power rating, the RE / RBE reactors have a nominal current value that is 1.73 times smaller and an inductance value that is 3 times greater than that in an R / RB reactor. The company has a standard range of 400 V rejection reactors with p = 7 %, with a resonance frequency of 189 Hz for 50 Hz networks (or on demand 227 Hz for 60 Hz networks). In addition, reactors can be manufactured on demand for static capacitor banks adapted to any value of the power rating, p %, voltage and frequency. Low-powered reactors, RE type, are built with plates with low losses and are coiled with copper wire. The connection is achieved with the adequate terminals. In the case of higher power ratings, RBE reactors are used, with a magnetic plate nucleus and multiple steel cores, which offer excellent characteristics and a low loss ratio. The coils are made with an aluminium band (or copper band, on demand). The input and output connections run through a plate. Both RE and RBE type reactors have a vacuum varnish sealing to increase the insulation and reduce the levels of noise. Features Voltage Network frequency Power rating Value of p % Type of conductor Tolerance L ± 5 % Linearity (5 % L) Isolation voltage Application The rejection reactors of the RE / RBE series have been specially designed for their use in capacitor banks in installations with a high harmonic content. The reactors must be connected in series to each capacitor for the 400 V On demand: up to 1000 V 50 Hz On demand: 60 Hz In accordance with the table Other values on demand 7 % (189 Hz) Other values on demand RE: copper wire RBE: aluminum band 1.8 I n 4 kv Maximum room temperature -10 ºC ºC Internal isolation Class F (155 ºC) On demand: class H (180 ºC) Maximum overload Permanent 1.17 I n Temporary (1 min) 2 I n Safety Protection thermostat Opening at 90 ºC Degree of protection IP 00 Indoor Installation Standards UNE-EN-60289, IEC adequate protection of capacitors, the static operations module and to avoid the resonance effects in the installation. P7-8

9 Reactors RE / RBE Reactors III for static capacitor banks Dimensions RE RBE Type a b c d e f g RE RE RE RE RE RE RE RBE RBE RBE References Reactors III series RE / RBE at 400 Vac, 50 Hz, p = 7 % (189 HZ) For capacitors: kvar I n (A) L (mh) Losses (W) Weight (kg) Type Code CF 46 / 6-6B , RE / RE P70210 CF 46 / B , RE / RE-12,5-460 P70215 CF 46 / 19-6B , ,5 RE / RE P70220 CF 46 / 25-6B , ,5 RE / RE P70225 CF 46 / 30-6B , RE / RE P70230 CF 46 / 37-6B , ,5 RE / RE P70235 CF 46 / 50-6B , ,5 RE / RE P70240 CF 46 / 62-6B , RBE / RBE P70245 CF 46 / 74-6B , RBE / RBE P70250 CF 46 / 100-6B , RBE / RBE P70255 Connections Reactancia Condensador P7-9

10 LR / LRB Reactors Reactors for filtering for power converters (network side) Description Features The motor speed regulation equipment, frequency variators, UPS units, etc. generate alterations in the network, which affect other loads in the installation of the operation of the equipment. The LR / LRB reactors connected to the input on the network side of the equipment can attenuate voltage peaks and reduce the harmonic distortion generated by the power electronics. The LR / LRB Reactors for filtering can reduce the current harmonics in any converter from % to values around 20 %. In addition, they reduce the shortcircuit current and increase the safety of the converter's semi-conductors. When installed on the motor side, they can attenuate harmonic frequencies caused during switching operations. Low-powered reactors, LR type, are built with plates with low losses and are coiled with copper wire. The connection is achieved with the adequate terminals. In the case of higher currents, LRB reactors are used, with a magnetic plate nucleus and multiple steel cores, which offer excellent characteristics and a low loss ratio. Copper band coils (or aluminium band, on demand). The connections run through a plate. Both LR and LRB type reactors have a vacuum varnish sealing to increase the insulation, providing a greater mechanical resistance and reduce the level of noise. Features Voltage drop U k % (LR 04: 400 V or Lr 02: 230 V) Voltage Value of L (mh) Nominal current Type of conductor Tolerance L ± 5 % Linearity (5 % L) Isolation voltage Application The reactors of the LR / LRB series are prepared and can be used on the network and motor sides. They attenuate micro-drops and peaks during the initial connection and switching operations, and they reduce the rate of harmonics from the network current. 4 % network at 50 Hz (4.8 % network at 60 Hz) Other values on demand Up to 1000 Vac In accordance with the table Other values on demand In accordance with the table Other values on demand LR: copper wire LRB: copper band (or aluminium, on demand) 1.5 I n 4 kv Maximum room temperature -10 ºC ºC Internal isolation Maximum overload Permanent 1.17 I n Temporary (1 min) 2 I n Safety Protection thermostat On demand Degree of protection IP 00 Indoor Installation Standards UNE-EN-60289, IEC Class F (155 ºC) On demand: class H (180 ºC) P7-10

11 LR / LRB Reactors Reactors for filtering for power converters (network side) Dimensions LR 04 LRB 04 Type a b c Type a b c LR LRB LR LRB LR LRB LR LRB LR LRB LR LRB LR LRB LR LRB LR LRB LR LRB LR LRB LR LR References Type of threephase network at: Motor power (kw) I n (A) L (mh) Losses (W) Weight (kg) Type Code 380 / 415 V 0,75 2,5 14,8 6 1,8 LR P / 415 V 1,5 4 7,90 8 1,8 LR P / 415 V 2,2 5,5 5, LR P / 415 V 3 7,5 4, LR P / 415 V , ,3 LR P / 415 V 5,5 13 2, ,3 LR P / 415 V 7,5 17 1, ,5 LR P / 415 V , ,6 LR P / 415 V , LR P / 415 V 18,5 40 0, ,5 LR P7030A 380 / 415 V , LR P7030B 380 / 415 V , ,5 LR P7030C 380 / 415 V , LR P7030D 380 / 415 V , LRB P7030E 380 / 415 V , LRB P7030F 380 / 415 V , LRB P7030G 380 / 415 V , LRB P7030H 380 / 415 V , LRB P7030J 380 / 415 V , LRB P7030K 380 / 415 V , LRB P7030L 380 / 415 V , LRB P7030M 380 / 415 V , LRB P7030N 380 / 415 V , LRB P7030P 380 / 415 V , LRB P7030Q Voltage drop U k : 4 % for 400 V - 50 Hz / 4.8 % for 400 V - 60 Hz) P7-11

12 LR / LRB Reactors Reactors for filtering for power converters (network side) Dimensions LR 02 LRB 02 Type a b c Type a b c LR LRB LR LRB LR LRB LR LRB LR LRB LR LRB LR LR References Type of threephase network at: Motor power (kw) I n (A) L (mh) Losses (W) Weight (kg) Type Code 220 / 240 V 0,75 4 4,90 8 1,8 LR P / 240 V 1,5 7 2, LR P / 240 V 2,2 10 1, ,3 LR P / 240 V , ,3 LR P / 240 V , ,5 LR P / 240 V 5,5 22 0, ,6 LR P / 240 V 7,5 30 0, LR P / 240 V , ,5 LR P / 240 V , ,5 LRB P / 240 V 18,5 70 0, LRB P7031A 220 / 240 V , LRB P7031B 220 / 240 V , LRB P7031C 220 / 240 V , LRB P7031D 220 / 240 V , LRB P7031E Voltage drop U k : 4 % for 230 V - 50 Hz / 4.8 % for 230 V - 60 Hz) Connections P7-12

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