CIM Network Model. Model Driven Architectures and Eclipse. OGO Open Grid Systems. Alan McMorran B.Eng Ph.D

Transcription

1 CIM Network Model Model Driven Architectures and Eclipse Technologies for the Power Industry Alan McMorran B.Eng Ph.D G

2 Information Modelling A simple introduction to CIM UML 2 G

3 CIM UML IEC defines the components in the power system used by the EMS in UML The definitions originally reflected how components are modelled in existing EMS systems As the scope of the CIM has grown the model has changed to reflect its uses outside of transmission operations The majority of CIM classes have Identifiedbject as their root classes 3

4 Inheritance in the CIM A is a mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time, and breaking current under specified abnormal circuit condition 4

5 Inheritance in the CIM is a type of ProtectedSwitch, with attributes to define the current rating and transit time ProtectedSwitch is a type of Switch that can be operated by protection equipment Switch is a generic class for any piece of conducting equipment that operates as a switch in the network and has an attribute to define whether the switch is normally open or closed. Switch + normalpen : Boolean + open : Boolean + ratedcurrent : CurrentFlow + retained : Boolean + switchncount : Integer + switchndate : DateTime ProtectedSwitch + breakingcapacity : CurrentFlow + intransittime : Seconds 5

6 Inheritance in the CIM Identifiedbject + mrid : String + name : String ConductingEquipment is a type of Equipment that is designed to carry current or that are conductively connected to the network and contains an attribute to denote the phases PowerSystemResource Equipment ConductingEquipment Equipment refers to any resource of the power system that is a physical device, whether it be electrical or mechanical PowerSystemResource is used to describe any resource within the power system 6 Switch + normalpen : Boolean + open : Boolean + ratedcurrent : CurrentFlow + retained : Boolean + switchncount : Integer + switchndate : DateTime ProtectedSwitch + breakingcapacity : CurrentFlow + intransittime : Seconds

7 Defining Connectivity IEC uses Connectivity Nodes and Terminals to define component interconnections Electrical Components (e.g. s, Loads, Lines) do not associate directly with each other Instead any piece of Conducting Equipment has 1 or more Terminals The Connectivity Node class represents a zeroimpedance point of connection between Terminals 7

8 Connectivity Everything that inherits from Conducting Equipment can have Terminals A Terminal has an association to a Connectivity Node A ConnectivityNode can have multiple Terminal associations ConductingEquipment Terminals 1 0..* ConductingEquipment Terminal ConnectivityNode Terminals ConnectivityNode 0..*

9 Interconnections A simple Single Line Diagram for a network portion Load A Each component has one terminal and all associate with a single Connectivity Node 1 ConnectivityNode I Terminals ACLineSegment Alpha 9

10 Multiple Terminals In this example 1 has two Terminals Measurements on the concerning electrical properties can be assigned to either Terminal Load A Terminals ACLineSegment Alpha 1 ConnectivityNode I 10

11 Identifiedbject + mrid : String + name : String Inheriting Connectivity PowerSystemResource ConnectivityNode ConnectivityNode 0..1 Equipment ConductingEquipment Terminals 0..* Terminal ConductingEquipment 1 Terminals 0..* Switch + normalpen : Boolean + open : Boolean + ratedcurrent : CurrentFlow + retained : Boolean + switchncount : Integer + switchndate : DateTime EnergyConsumer Conductor PowerTransformer ACLineSegment ProtectedSwitch + breakingcapacity : CurrentFlow + intransittime : Seconds LoadBreakSwitch 11

12 Modelling a Substation Translating a Substation schematic into CIM components 12 G

13 Simple Substation in CIM 33KV 132KV Load A Line I This is a simple single line diagram for a substation stored in an EMS These electrical components can be mapped to components from IEC KV Transformer KV CT 17KV 17KV 132KV Transformer Generator Alpha 13

14 Simple Substation in CIM These main components map directly to one piece of Conducting Equipment 33KV Load A EnergyConsumer 132KV Line I ACLineSegment Generator Alpha also has a an instance of GeneratingUnit 17KV 33KV Transformer KV Transformer This class represents a single or set of synchronous machines for converting mechanical power into alternating-current 14 Busbar 17KV BusbarSection CT 17KV 17KV Generator Alpha SynchronousMachine GeneratingUnit

15 Transformers A transformer is not mapped to a single CIM class It is split down into a number of components with a single PowerTransformer container class A two-winding power transformer becomes two PowerTransformerEnd objects within a PowerTransformer container If a tap changer is present to control one of the windings then an instance of a PhaseTapChanger or RatioTapChanger class is associated with that particular winding 15

16 Transformer Classes 16 ConductingEquipment PowerTransformer TransformerEnd PowerTransformer 0..1 TransformerTankEnd 1..* PowerTransformerEnd 0..* Terminal Terminals 0..* ConductingEquipment 1 Terminal 1 TransformerEnd 0..* PowerTransformerEnd PowerTransformer 1 TransformerTank TransformerTankEnd TransformerTanks 0..* TransformerTanks 0..1 TransformerStar Impedance TransformerCore Admittance TransformerMesh Impedance TransformerEnd 0..* TransformerEnd 0..* FromTransformerEnd 1 ToTransformerEnd 1..* FromMeshImpedance 0..* ToMeshImpedance 0..* StarImpedance 0..1 CoreAdmittance 0..1

17 Tap Changers TransformerEnd TapChanger PhaseTapChanger 0..1 TransformerEnd 1 PhaseTapChanger TransformerEnd 1 RatioTapChanger 0..1 RatioTapChanger PhaseTapChanger NonLinear PhaseTapChanger Linear PhaseTapChanger Symmetrical PhaseTapChanger Asymmetrical 17

18 18 Transformer Mapping In the example SLD each transformer results in six CIM objects The impedance can be modelled as Mesh or Star in a separate object The core admittance is similarly modelled as a separate object A transformer with a tertiary or quartiary winding can be represented as a single PowerTransformer containing three or four instances of the PowerTransformerEnd class PowerTransformer PowerTransformerEnd PowerTransformerEnd RatioTapChanger Terminal Terminal TransformerMesh Impedance TransformerCore Admittance

19 Current Transformer For transmission models a current transformer (CT) does not map directly to a piece of conducting equipment in the CIM hierarchy for Transmission In an EMS the CT does not affect the network behaviour and is represented as a point of measurement As such a CT is represented as an instance of Measurement assigned to a particular Terminal To support IEC interoperability there is a proposal to add a two-terminal CT but this is still in discussion 19

20 Containment CIM has an EquipmentContainer class that provides a means of grouping pieces of Equipment together to represent both electrical and non-electrical containment Subclasses of EquipmentContainer include: VoltageLevel Bay Substation Line 20

21 Substation Containment Within Substations there is a containment hierarchy for the subclasses of EquipmentContainer A Bay can contain equipment Equipment EquipmentContainer A VoltageLevel can contain equipment and Bays A Substation can contain equipment, VoltageLevels and Bays ConductingEquipment Substation VoltageLevel Bay 21

22 Containment Substations (and Lines) are contained by SubGeographicalRegions Which in turn are within a GeographicalRegion Geographical Region SubGeographical Region Equipment EquipmentContainer Line ConductingEquipment Substation VoltageLevel 22 Bay

23 Circuit as CIM bjects ConnectivityNode Terminal Line I ACLineSegment VoltageLevel 33KV EnergyConsumer BaseVoltage 33KV 33KV Load ALoad A 33KV Voltage 132KV Level Line I 132KV BaseVoltage 132KV 132KV Load and in a 33kV VoltageLevel in a 132kV VoltageLevel Transformer BaseVoltage 17KV 17KV Measurement CT 17KV 17KV 17KV Generator Alpha SynchronousMachine Generator Alpha GeneratingUnit BusbarSection Transformer VoltageLevel 23 ACLineSegment in a Line Busbar, and SynchronousMachine in 17kV VoltageLevel

24 Circuit as ConnectivityNode Terminal Substation BaseVoltage 33KV BaseVoltage 17KV VoltageLevel EnergyConsumer PowerTransformerEnd PowerTransformerEnd RatioTapChanger Load A 33KV TransformerMesh Impedance Transformer Core Admittance Line I Voltage Level ACLineSegment 132KV PowerTransformerEnd PowerTransformerEnd RatioTapChanger TransformerMesh Impedance BaseVoltage 132KV Transformer Core Admittance CIM bjects 33kV->17kV Transformer as a PowerTransformer with 2 Windings and a TapChanger Same with 132Kv- >17kV Transformer Measurement 17KV Generator Alpha SynchronousMachine GeneratingUnit BusbarSection VoltageLevel 24 VoltageLevels and PowerTransformers contained in a Substation

25 25 Line I ACLineSegment Substation 33KV Load A 132KV Line I VoltageLevel EnergyConsumer Load A Voltage Level BaseVoltage 132KV 33KV 132KV BaseVoltage 33KV 33KV 132KV PowerTransformerEnd PowerTransformerEnd Transformer Transformer TransformerMesh Impedance PowerTransformerEnd TransformerMesh Impedance PowerTransformerEnd 17KV BaseVoltage 17KV RatioTapChanger Transformer Core Admittance RatioTapChanger Transformer Core Admittance CT 17KV 17KV Measurement 17KV BusbarSection Generator Alpha Generator Alpha SynchronousMachine GeneratingUnit VoltageLevel

26 Topological vs Connectivity Node /Bus Branch modelling in the CIM 26 G

27 Topological Nodes The Equipment model uses Connectivity Nodes and Terminals to define the connectivity between components This represents a Node- view of the network familiar to operations systems In planning applications it is more common to use a Bus-Branch model that represents buses that are computed by a Topological Processor CIM supports both views of the data 27

28 Planning buses In a bus-branch view of the network there are a number of buses and interconnecting branches 28

29 Planning buses In a bus-branch view of the network there are a number of buses and interconnecting branches 28

30 perational Buses An operational view of the same network shows switches between the bus bar sections Different switch configurations will result in different bus configurations 29

31 perational Buses 30

32 perational Buses 31

33 perational Buses Depending upon the purpose of the exchange a utility may be required only to export these computed Topological Nodes rather than the detailed network 31

34 Topological Node Connectivity The Topological Node connectivity is defined in the same way as that of the Connectivity node A Terminal can have one or more Topological Node associations This is the Equipment on the edge of the Topological Node (e.g. EnergyConsumer, ACLineSegment, SynchronousMachine) Load A ACLineSegment Beta Terminals ACLineSegment Alpha Topological Node I 32

35 Summary 33 G

36 Summary The CIM Equipment Profile defines the components in the network model and the connectivity This is the core of the electrical network model defining a model that represents the state of the network at a single point in time To this static model Steady State Hypothesis and Measurement data can be applied to alter the characteristics of components for a given scenario Connectivity and Topological Nodes behave in a similar way but represent different levels of detail for the network 34