The Application of RFID Technology in Development Embedded Systems. Hongqi Hao, Mingli Song

Transcription

1 Advanced Materals Research Onlne: ISSN: , Vols , pp do: / Trans Tech Publcatons, Swtzerland The Applcaton of RFID Technology n Development Embedded Systems Hongq Hao, Mngl Song College of Informaton Technology, Luoyang Normal Unversty, Luoyang, , Chna haohongqly@163.com Keywords: composte materals; nformaton system; nternet of thngs Abstract. A complete set of RFID system s composed of two parts by Reader and Transponder grounds of the acton prncple Reader launch of unlmted rado waves of a specfc frequency energy to Transponder, to drve Transponder crcut ID Code sent nternally. Part of the embedded system software s ncludng the operatng system software (requres real-tme and mult-taskng operaton) and applcaton programmng. The operatng system controls the applcaton programmng and hardware nteracton, and the applcaton to control the operaton and behavor of the system. The paper presents the applcaton of RFID technology n development embedded systems. The experment shows RFID s superor to ARM n buldng embedded system. Introducton Embedded systems hardware computng devces embedded applcaton software as ts core component. Around us s now surrounded by embedded systems, these products can do for our lves convenent and even luxury features, ncludng moble handheld devces, washng machnes, mcrowave ovens, ATM machnes, ar condtonng and so on. Due to the specfc applcaton requrements, engneers must be dfferent from other desgn type specfc method for embedded desgn. In the development of embedded applcatons, we should fully understand the dfferent chps and ts features and the complexty of the archtecture, and then create a system desgn flow. Next, we need an applcaton to provde functonalty for our products and components, for whch we have to wrte code [1]. When wrtng code, the system requrements wll contnue to change, desgners need tools, support for dfferent debug protocol. We may not be able to re-use code; we hope to ntegrate multple features n a sngle system. In vew of the above ssues, the embedded system desgn needs to consder the entre system prce, performance, and accelerate to market, sze, power consumpton, mantanablty, securty, memory capacty and other problems. The potental RFID ndustry, the range of applcatons throughout manufacturng, logstcs, medcal, transportaton, retal, defense, and so on. Gartner Group, RFID s the 2005 recommends consderng the ntroducton of one of the top ten strategc technology, the key to ts success, however, n addton to the prce tags (Tag), antenna desgn, the band's standardzed equpment certfcaton, the most mportant have crtcal applcatons (Kller applcaton) to rapd promoton. Mddleware (Mddleware) can be called s the RFID operaton of the central, because t can accelerate the advent of crtcal applcatons. Embedded system manly conssts of four parts of the embedded mcroprocessor, perpheral hardware, embedded operatng system and user applcatons such as composton, t s a "devce" n one set of hardware and software can work ndependently. Part of the embedded system software, ncludng the operatng system are software (requres real-tme and mult-taskng operaton) and applcaton programmng. The operatng system controls the applcaton programmng and hardware nteracton, and the applcaton to control the operaton and behavor of the system. The paper presents the applcaton of RFID technology n development embedded systems. All rghts reserved. No part of contents of ths paper may be reproduced or transmtted n any form or by any means wthout the wrtten permsson of Trans Tech Publcatons, (ID: , Pennsylvana State Unversty, Unversty Park, USA-09/05/16,11:16:53)

2 334 Optoelectroncs Engneerng and Informaton Technologes n Industry The Research on Mbedded System and Its Applcaton Followed by more and more complex structure of embedded software systems, embedded software development has become complex system engneerng. Early embedded systems, software and hardware are nseparable seamless, developed by engneers n the feld of electronc engneerng, automatc control, the software bascally mplemented n assembly language. Functonal requrements of embedded systems followed by the development of hardware and software technology, more and more complex (lke, the phone can be photography, photography, play MP3, can also be read onlne news, playng games, shoppng, etc.), and the functon (lke relable, securty, response speed, power consumpton, etc.) requrements are also ncreasng, at the same tme, embedded software development and hardware stll nseparable from the hardware and software systems and platform selecton, desgn, development, testng and ntegraton, the whole process of software and hardware are parallel nteracton, such as embedded software development has become a very complex system engneerng. JTAG (Jont Test Acton Group, Jont Test Acton Group) s an nternatonal standard test protocol (IEEE compatble), s manly used for chp nternal testng. Insde the chp package specal test crcut TAP (Test Access Port test access port), through dedcated JTAG test tools to test the nternal nodes, and can be used for onlne programmng. Standard JTAG nterface s a 4-wre: TMS, TCK, TDI, TDO, respectvely, for mode select, clock, data nput and data output lnes. The system uses a 20-pn standard nterface for onlne debuggng and system Boot loader download. Tradtonal embedded system desgn goal s to fnd an optmal archtecture to complete sngle, specfc features. ASIC core processor as specal buldng blocks for ths system to be consdered: the approprate ASIC desgners selected accordng to the requrements of the applcaton, such as the processor clock speed based on gven performance requrements, system stablty, and power consumpton requrements for selecton of the approprate processor cores, as s shown by equaton1 [2]. µ = E s( k ) a( k ) s a = M { } -1 { β ( k ) T Σ 1 ε ( k ) s ( k ) 0 ( a( k ) α( k )) + } (1) Embedded systems software workload accounted for about 80% of the total workload, ncludng testng and valdaton work accounted for 70% of the workload of the software. Needs analyss, system desgn to become the hub for the successful mplementaton of the system n a complex system, a lot of analyss and desgn methods are ntroduced nto the desgn of embedded systems, ncludng object-orented methods and desgn patterns. Most of the work of the desgn and development of embedded systems are concentrated n the software. Embedded systems development process generally "host / target board development model, namely the use of the host (PC) on hardware and software resources, and good development envronment and debuggng tools to develop the software of the target board, and then crosscompler envronment to generate the object code and executable fles downloaded to the target board va seral / USB / Ethernet, etc., cross debugger to run the montorng program, real-tme analyss, the best source codng: wrte the source C / C + + and assembler; , download the program soldfed to the target machne, the completon of the entre development process. Bascally the entre software development process ncludes the followng steps: program complaton: by specal compler; software smulaton debuggng: smulaton software runnng n the SDK; program download: download to the target board va JTAG, USB, and UART way and s presented by one fgure as equaton 2. v ( m): = : = 2 s( k ) T T T T [ v ( m,1), v ( m,2),, v ( mm, )] T T T [ v (( m 1) M+ 1), v (( m 1) M+ 2),, v ( mm) ] T Network nterface crcutry s the mportant hardware porton of the system. In order to ensure the stablty of the network data transmsson smooth, ths system uses 10/100 Mb / s adaptve Ethernet MAC controller chp DM9000A The chp has a 10/100 Mb / s adaptve PHY and 4K SRAM DWORD value, the physcal protocol layer nterface s fully complant wth the IEEE 802.3u (2)

3 Advanced Materals Research Vols specfcaton support IEEE802.3x full-duplex flow control. Master module then board ngcs3 DM9000A Chp Select CS #, address confguraton 0x , data bts the LDATA [15:0] then DM9000A SD [15:0] 16-bt data bus mode. In addton, the use of the HS9016 for I / O solaton transformer, and then connect the RJ45 nterface. RTOS (Real Tme mult-taskng Operaton System), the real-tme mult-taskng operatng system s the foundaton and development platform for embedded applcatons. Most embedded software development n Chna or processor-based drect wrtten no commercalzaton RTOS, system software and applcaton software can not be dealt wth separately. RTOS s a secton of the software embedded n the object code, and users of other applcatons are bult on top of the RTOS. Not only that, RTOS or a relablty and credblty of hgh real-tme kernel, CPU tme, nterrupts, I / O, tmers and other resources are packng up and leavng the user a standard API, and n accordance wth the prorty of each task level, reasonable allocaton of CPU tme between dfferent tasks., as s shown by equaton3. I (, j) = Ω j, Ω j = {( 1) l+ 1 x< l, ( j 1) l+ 1 y< jl} (3) The programmable logc devce (PLD) s wdely used n varous crcuts desgn. Lookup table, SRAM process large-scale PLD / FPGA, hgh densty, and trgger more sutable for complex sequental logc, such as dgtal sgnal processng and algorthm desgn. Class devces use SRAM cells to store confguraton data. The confguraton data determnes the PLD nterconnect and functon, changng the confguraton data, and wll change the logc functon of the devce [3]. The SRAM programmng tme s short; to create the condtons for the system dynamcally change the logc functon of the PLD.SRAM data s volatle, confguraton data must be stored n the PLD devce other than the non-volatle memory, n order to acheve onlne reconfgurablty (ICR). From the pont of vew of the embedded system management, network communcaton support s necessary, but also very unque applcaton; download a new applcaton from a remote server because t makes t possble to run locally. Support for the realzaton of ths functon, we use Java as a software platform. Java runs on top of the Java vrtual machne, t s able to download and execute applcaton code, and do not need to restart the system after downloadng, as s shown by equaton4. {[ a( k ) µ ( k )][ a( k ) ( k ] } T C k ) = E µ ) ( m m Thus has become the most actve part of the ndustral data network. Ths selecton of a wde range of PROFIBUS feld bus as the bus control system of the process control network. 2.1 Profbus- DP ntellgent desgn from the staton to the PROFIBUS s an open standard system for domestc ndustral products, as long as the PROFIBUS nterface and descrbes the characterstcs of GSD (devce database fle) can be added to any PROFIBUS network. PROFIBUS-DP ntellgent slave ARM mcrocontroller as the central processor the DP nterface chp Semens wth a mcroprocessor the dedcated chp SPC3.ARM mcroprocessor responsble for the nstructon and data wll be collected at the scene of the sgnal processng, analyss and classfcaton, and then transmtted through the SPC3 PROFIBUS-D P bus up whle montorng SPC3, recevng DP master transfers over and correspondng operaton. In ths paper, an entrely new way of thnkng, tradtonal embedded system mprovements, and a way to support a varety of applcatons, embedded systems platforms. The use of the FPGA programmablty and good portablty of the Java platform performance, the platform s fully able to meet our desgn requrements. Of course, there are nadequaces, such as access controller confguraton state, you can consder usng nterrupt rather than n crculaton query mechansm, as s shown by equaton5 [3]. (4) s 1 M s Ψ ( m, s) : = [0,,0, C (( m 1) M + s),0,,0] (5)

4 336 Optoelectroncs Engneerng and Informaton Technologes n Industry Embedded operatng system has matured from smple to Vxwork, QNX, PalmOS, Wndows CE, Embedded Lnux, etc.. There are 2 types of embedded operatng systems research and development, foregn-based operatng system developed, such as Hsense other s Chna's self-developed embedded operatng system Wndows CE-based set-top box system;, such as Keth Group company ndependently developed embedded operatng system Hopen OS ("Nu Wa plan"). Wndows CE kernel s small, and can be used as embedded operatng system applcatons n areas such as ndustral control. Its advantage of portablty, provdng a choce of mcroprocessors, as well as nonforcble power management features. Standard communcaton capabltes so that the bult-n Wndows CE to be able to access the Internet and send and receve E_mal or browse the Web. The RFID Antennas RFID antenna rado frequency s sgnal transmsson between tags and readers. In the RF devce, ncrease the operatng frequency to the mcrowave regon, the matchng between the antenna and the tag chp problem becomes even more severe [4]. The objectves of the antenna are the transmsson maxmum energy out of the tag chp. Ths requres careful desgn of the antenna and free space as well as ts assocated label chp matchng. In ths paper, we consder the band s 435MHz, 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, and retal goods. Accordng to the dstances of the role of rado frequency dentfcaton systems, the couplng between the RF tag antenna and the reader antenna can be dvded nto three categores. Rado frequency dentfcaton system, the effectve dstance between the RF tag and reader s an mportant problem n the applcaton of the rado frequency dentfcaton system usually ths dstance s defned as the dstance of the data can be relably swtched between the RF tag and the reader. The role of the dstance of the rado frequency dentfcaton system s a comprehensve ndex, s closely related wth the RF tags and readers cope wth the stuaton, as s shown by equaton6. RW ( j E[( ξwj, F ) = e E( ξ Wj D( ξ Wj T ))( ξ E( ξ )) ] Fe ) D( ξ ) Fe Fe (6) Dstance system typcal dstance from 1m to 10m ndvdual system has a farther dstance. All the remote systems are the use of the rado-frequency tag and the reader antenna radaton of electromagnetc couplng between the far-feld regon (electromagnetc wave emsson and reflecton) to consttute a non-contact space nformaton transmsson RF channel work. Dstant systems, the typcal operatng frequency: 915MHz, 2.45GHz, 5.8GHz, In addton, there are some other frequency, such as 433MHz, etc.. The long-range RF tag accordng to whch contans a battery s dvded nto passve RF tag (wthout batteres) and sem-passve RF tag (batteres ncluded). Under normal crcumstances, the role of dstance of the battery from the rado-frequency tag contans a battery of the rado-frequency tag to be away [5]. The battery n the sem-passve RF tag s not for the data transmsson between the rado frequency tags and readers to provde energy, but only to provde energy to the RF tag chp data for read and wrte storage servces. In fact, t s RFID technology frst n the low-frequency wdely applcaton and promoton. Ths frequency s prmarly work through the nductve couplng, that s, n the transformer couplng acton between the col and the sensor col of the reader. The reader alternatng feld nduced n the antenna of the sensor voltage s rectfed, and t can be used for the supply voltage usng the magnetc feld regon can be defned, but the feld strength drop too quckly. The Applcaton of RFID Technology n Development Embedded Systems ARM famly of processors RISC (Reducded InSTructON Set Computng) s processors. Effcent code for ARM-based program desgn strateges are derved from a RISC processor. And many RISC processor, the ARM famly of processors, memory access, and also requres data algnment, data access "word (Word)" that requre four-byte algned address bts [1:0] == 0b00; access half word "requres two bytes algned address bt [0] == 0b0; access byte (Byte)" data requrements of the data accordng to ther natural sze boundary (Natural Sze Boundary) postonng.

5 Advanced Materals Research Vols The ncreasng complexty of embedded systems, requre programmablty n almost any case. To ths end, desgners need tools to deal wth ths dffcult stuaton, and at the same tme provde a userfrendly envronment to develop applcatons. Although we have some SOC tools market, but we do not fully understand the functon of these tools. In addton, the tool must be able to maxmze the potental characterstcs of the product. To llustrate ths pont, we may wsh to cte an example of the complex archtecture chp, almost all of the programmable analog and dgtal perpherals are ntegrated on a sngle chp. We may fnd, read and understand the relevant confguraton regsters and the use of devces other underlyng nformaton may be more complcated. RFID chp mnaturzaton and hgh-performance chp practcal RFID tags not only help the managers of the dfferent areas to track the locaton and handlng of goods, but also can be real-tme reportng on the label wth other nformaton, such as temperature and pressure. RF tag reader connected to the data network to provde such nformaton, rado frequency dentfcaton tags so far manly as an extenson of the bar code and used n the feld of factory automaton or nventory management, but the fnal say, the smaller sze of the rado frequency dentfcaton tags wll be appled to more advanced areas, as s shown by equaton7 [6]. p ( a ) R k ) = p( a k) ( k p( k ) k R k (7) Start wrtng embedded applcatons, developers may not be aware of the specfcatons of the target hardware. For example, the target system usng the knd of perpheral devce, the memory map can not even determne the processor's model, RVCT tools for software developers to be able to contnue to understand these detals to provde a lot of the default operaton, so that the user can comple the applcaton code and debuggng of the target system. 1st press run, 2nd press tmng s stopped, press 3 to re-zero; extended program memory data memory s manly due to the applcaton under the embedded operatng system µc / OSII desgn, on-chp storage space s lmted, as s shown by fgure1. Fgure 1. Development embedded systems compared result of RFID and ARM. The case s covered RFID able to penetrate the paper, wood and plastcs and other non-metallc or non-transparent materal, and capable of penetratng communcaton. Barcode scanners at close range and can only are read by a bar code objects blocked. Data memory capacty, and the capacty of the one-dmensonal bar code s 50Bytes characters can be stored, the maxmum capacty of the two-dmensonal bar code, RFID largest capacty several MegaBytes. Wth the development of the memory carrer, the data capacty s also a growng trend. Items requred to carry the amount of data s growng, and a correspondng ncrease n demand on the label can expand capacty. The paper presents the applcaton of RFID technology n development embedded systems. Embedded processor applcatons are the key to embedded systems, the dfferent requrements of the embedded processor system software and applcaton software, and general-purpose computer. Software requrements are for sold-state storage. In order to mprove the executon speed and relablty of the system, the software n the embedded systems are generally cured n memory chp or mcrocontroller tself, rather than stored n the dsk and other carrers. Software code qualty s hgh relablty. Despte the development of semconductor technology and contnuously mprove the processor speed, on-chp memory capacty ncreasng, but n most applcatons, the storage space s stll valuable, there s a real-tme requrements.

6 338 Optoelectroncs Engneerng and Informaton Technologes n Industry Conclusons and Future Works The tradtonal desgn deas because only a sngle applcaton-orented, can not meet the needs of mult-applcaton embedded systems. And a good way to solve ths problem s the ntroducton to embedded system programmablty, so that the system s able to support dfferent applcatons accordng to the dfferent requrements of the user. Programmablty ntroduced to the system, we consder the FPGA embedded system. For actual embedded products, features and applcatons provded mportant factor s related to the success or falure of the products. UClnux-based embedded systems. RFID read, because of the long dstances wth hgh storage capacty and other characterstcs of hgh-profle. It can not only help a busness to a substantal ncrease n the effcency of goods, nformaton management, and also allows the sales companes and manufacturng enterprses nterconnect. References [1] A.Carrasco, M.C. Romero-Ternero, F. Svanes, M.D. Hernandez, J.I. Escudero, "Mult-Agent and Embedded System Technologes Appled to Improve the Management of Power Systems", JDCTA, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 79 ~ 85, 2010 [2] Seung-Ju Jang, "Desgn of Vrtual Memory Compresson System for the Embedded System", JCIT, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. pp.56 ~ pp.62, [3] Yen-Ln Chen, Chuan-Yen Chang, Wen-Yew Lang,, Cheng-Hung Chuang, "Embedded Vson-based Nghttme Drver Assstance System", JCIT, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 283 ~ 292, [4] Joseph K. Sror, Lang Guangun, Pang Kafang, Sheng Huanye, Wang Dong, "Impact of RFID Technology on Trackng of Export Goods n Kenya", JCIT, Vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 190 ~ 199, [5] Seonghun Ahn, Byoung Seob Park, "Desgn and Implementaton of RFID Mddleware System for Ubqutous Learnng Envronment usng Large Scale Data", IJACT, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 73 ~ 80, 2009 [6] Chun-Y Wang, Ch-Chung Lee, Mng-Cheng Lee, "An Enhanced Dynamc Framed Slotted ALOHA Ant-Collson Method for Moble RFID Tag Identfcaton", JCIT, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 340 ~ 351, 2011

7 Optoelectroncs Engneerng and Informaton Technologes n Industry / The Applcaton of RFID Technology n Development Embedded Systems /