3.4. Reverse Breakdown Region Zener Diodes In the breakdown region Very steep i-v curve Almost constant voltage drop Used for voltage regulator
|
|
- Clinton Fletcher
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 3.4. Reverse Breakdown Region Zener Diodes In the breakdown region Very steep i-v curve Almost constant voltage drop Used for voltage regulator Voltage regulator Provide a constant dc output voltage If changing their load current and power supply voltage Under certain circumstances, diodes may be intentionally used in the reverse breakdown region Referred to as zener diodes / breakdown diodes 1
2 3.4.1 Specifying and Modeling the Zener Fig 3.17 Knee current/knee voltage V Z at a specified test current, I ZT V = r Z I r Z (few ohms ~ few tens of ohms) Inverse of the slop of almost linear i-v curve at point Q Incremental resistance at operating point Q Dynamic resistance of Zener V Z = V Z0 + r Z I Z Temperature effects operating current Low temperature coefficient: connect a Zener diode with positive temco of 2mV/C in series with a forward-conducting diode (V Z + 0.7) 2
3 3.5. Rectifier Circuits ne important application of diode is the rectifier Electrical device which converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) ne important application of rectifier is dc power supply. 3 Figure 3.20: Block diagram of a dc power supply
4 step #1: increase / decrease rms magnitude of AC wave via power transformer step #2: convert full-wave AC to half-wave DC (still time-varying and periodic) step #3: employ low-pass filter to reduce wave amplitude by > 90% step #4: employ voltage regulator to eliminate ripple step #5: supply dc load. Figure 3.20: Block diagram of a dc power supply 4
5 The Half-Wave Rectifier half-wave rectifier utilizes only alternate half-cycles of the input sinusoid Constant voltage drop diode model is employed Figure 3.21: (a) Half-wave rectifier (b) Transfer characteristic of the rectifier circuit (c) Input and output waveforms 5
6 The Half-Wave Rectifier current-handling capability what is maximum forward current diode is expected to conduct? peak inverse voltage (PIV) what is maximum reverse voltage it is expected to block w/o breakdown? (PIV = V S ) Usually 50% greater than expected PIV 6
7 The Half-Wave Rectifier exponential model? It is possible to use the diode exponential model in describing rectifier operation; however, this requires too much work. small inputs? Regardless of the model employed, one should note that the rectifier will not operate properly when input voltage is small (< 100mV). Those cases require a precision rectifier. 7
8 The Full-Wave Rectifier Q: How does fullwave rectifier differ from halfwave? A: It utilizes both halves of the input ne potential is shown to right. Figure 3.22: Full-wave rectifier utilizing a transformer with a centertapped secondary winding. 8
9 The key here is center-tapping of the transformer, allowing reversal of certain currents Figure 3.22: full-wave rectifier utilizing a transformer with a centertapped secondary winding: (a) circuit; (b) transfer characteristic assuming a constant-voltage-drop model for the diodes; (c) input and output waveforms. 9
10 When instantaneous source voltage is positive, D 1 conducts while D 2 blocks 10
11 when instantaneous source voltage is negative, D 2 conducts while D 1 blocks 11
12 The Full-Wave Rectifier Q: What are most important observation(s) from this operation? A: The direction of current flowing across load never changes (both halves of AC wave are rectified). The full-wave rectifier produces a more energetic waveform than half-wave. PIV for full-wave = 2V S V D 12
13 The Bridge Rectifier An alternative implementation of the full-wave rectifier is bridge rectifier. Shown to right. Figure 3.23: The bridge rectifier circuit. 13
14 when instantaneous source voltage is positive, D 1 and D 2 conduct while D 3 and D 4 block Figure 3.23: The bridge rectifier circuit. 14
15 when instantaneous source voltage is positive, D 1 and D 2 conduct while D 3 and D 4 block Figure 4.23: The bridge rectifier circuit. 15
16 3.5.3: The Bridge Rectifier (BR) Q: What is the main advantage of BR? A: No need for center-tapped transformer. Q: What is main disadvantage? A: Series connection of TW diodes will reduce output voltage. PIV = V S V D The most popular rectifier circuit configuration 16
17 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor Pulsating nature of rectifier output makes unreliable dc supply As such, a filter capacitor is employed to remove ripple Figure 3.24: (a) A simple circuit used to illustrate the effect of a filter capacitor. (b) input and output waveforms assuming an ideal diode. 17
18 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor step #1: source voltage is positive, diode is forward biased, capacitor charges. step #2: source voltage is reverse, diode is reverse-biased (blocking), capacitor cannot discharge. step #3: source voltage is positive, diode is forward biased, capacitor charges (maintains voltage). Figure 3.24 (a) A simple circuit used to illustrate the effect 18
19 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor Q: Why is this example unrealistic? A: Because for any practical application, the converter would supply a load (which in turn provides a path for capacitor discharging). 19
20 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor Q: What happens when load resistor is placed in series with capacitor? A: ne must now consider the discharging of capacitor across load. 20
21 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor The textbook outlines how Laplace Transform may be used to define behavior below. circuit state #1 output voltage for state #1 v t v t v I D v t V e peak t RC output voltage for state #2 xford University Publishing Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith ( ) 21 circuit state #2
22 Q: What happens when load resistor is placed in series with capacitor? circuit state #1 step #1: Analyze circuit state #1. When diode is forward biased and conducting. step #2: Input voltage (v I ) will be applied to output (v ), minus 0.7V drop across diode. 22 i L v R i i i D C L action: define capacitor current differentially dvi id C i dt L
23 Q: What happens when load resistor is placed in series with capacitor? step #3: Define output voltage for state #1. output voltage for state #1 v v v I D circuit state #1 23
24 Q: What happens when load resistor is placed in series with capacitor? step #4: Analyze circuit state #2. When diode is blocking and capacitor is discharging. step #5: Define KVL and KCL for this circuit. v = Ri L i L = i C circuit state #2 24
25 Q: What happens when load resistor is placed in series with capacitor? step #6: Use combination of circuit and Laplace Analysis to solve for v (t) in terms of initial condition and time 25
26 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor action: replace i with -i action: define i differentially action: change sides action: take Laplace transform dv v Ri L Lv RC 0 dt L v v v C Ri C dv R C dt dv RC dt i C C 0 action: take Laplace transform V s RC sv s V 0 0 dv transform of dt action: seperate disalike / collect alike terms 1 RCs V ( s) V s RCsV s RCV action: pull out RC 0 initial condition 1RCsV s RCV 0 1 RCs V ( s) RC 1 action: eliminate RC from both sides 1 RC s V s RCV RC action: solve for V V s V L 0 V s V 0 s 1 1 s RC action: take inverse Laplace action: solve 0 v t V e 1 s 1/ t RC 0 RC 26
27 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor Q: What is V (0)? A: Peak of v I, because the transition between state #1 and state #2 (aka. diode begins blocking) approximately as v I drops below v C. 27
28 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor step #7: Define output voltage for states #1 and #2. circuit state #1 output voltage for state #1 v t v t v I D v t V e peak t RC output voltage for state #2 xford University Publishing Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith ( ) 28 circuit state #2
29 output voltage for state #1 v t v t v t V e t RC output voltage for state #2 I peak Figure 3.25: Voltage and Current Waveforms in the Peak Rectifier Circuit WITH RC >> T. The diode is assumed ideal. 29
30 A Couple of bservations The diode conducts for a brief interval (Dt) near the peak of the input sinusoid and supplies the capacitor with charge equal to that lost during the much longer discharge interval. The latter is approximately equal to T. Assuming an ideal diode, the diode conduction begins at time t 1 (at which the input v I equals the exponentially decaying output v ). Diode conduction stops at time t 2 shortly after the peak of v I (the exact value of t 2 is determined by settling of I D ). xford University Publishing Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. 30
31 A Couple of bservations During the diode off-interval, the capacitor C discharges through R causing an exponential decay in the output voltage (v ). At the end of the discharge interval, which lasts for almost the entire period T, voltage output is defined as follows v (T) = V peak V r. When the ripple voltage (V r ) is small, the output (v ) is almost constant and equal to the peak of the input (v I ). the average output voltage may be defined as below 1 (eq4.27) (Eq3.27) avgv Vpeak Vr Vpeak if Vr is small 2 31
32 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor Q: How is ripple voltage (V r ) defined? step #1: Begin with transient response of output during off interval. step #2: Note T is discharge interval. step #3: Simplify using assumption that RC >> T. step #4: Solve for ripple voltage V r. 32 v t V e T is discharge interval V V v ( T) (Eq3.28) (eq4.28) peak peak r r t RC T RC Vpeak Vr Vpeak e V action: solve for ripple voltage V because RCT, we can assume... e T RC T 1 RC Vpeak r T RC T 1 1 RC
33 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor step #5: Put expression in terms of frequency (f = 1/T). bserve that, as long as V r << V peak, the capacitor discharges as constant current source (I L ). Q: How is conduction interval (Dt) defined? A: See following slides 33 (eq4.29) (Eq3.29) V r V peak frc peak expression to define ripple voltage (V r ) V I R L fc
34 Q: How is conduction interval (Dt) defined? cos(0 ) step #1: Assume that diode conduction stops (very close to when) v I approaches its peak. step #2: With this assumption, one may define expression to the right. step #3: Solve for wdt. cos ω t (ω t)2 34 peak V cos wdt V V note that peak of vi represents cos(0 ), therefore coswdt represents variation around this value (eq (Eq3.30) 4.30) wdt 2 V / V peak as assumed, conduction interval Dt will be small when V V r r peak r peak
35 The Rectifier with a Filter Capacitor Q: How is peak-to-peak ripple (V r ) defined? A: (3.29) Q: How is the conduction interval (Dt) defined? A: (3.30) (Eq3.29) (eq4.29) V r V peak frc V peak I R L fc (Eq3.30) (eq4 wdt 2 V / V r peak as assumed, conduction interval Dt will be small when V V r peak 35
36 Precision Half-wave Rectifier - Superdiode precision rectifier is a device which facilitates rectification of low-voltage input waveforms. Figure 3.27: The Superdiode Precision Half-Wave Rectifier and its almost-ideal transfer characteristic. 36
37 Limiter Circuits Fig. 3.28: transfer characteristic for a limiter circuit Double limiter (vs. single limiter : Fig.3.29) Hard limiter (vs. soft limiting : Fig.3.30) L /K v I L + /K K 1 as passive limiters Ex) Fig.3.31 Control thresholds and saturation levels of diode limiters by using strings of diodes and/or by connecting a dc voltage in series with the diode Double-anode zener 37
38 3.6.2 Clamped Capacitor or DC Restorer Fig v = v I + v C Fig.3.33 Fig.3.34 Schottky-Barrier Diode (SBD): metal + n-type semiconductor No minority-carrier charge-storage effects due to majority carrier(electron) Fast switch 0.3V-0.5V forward voltage drop Varactors: voltage variable capacitors using a charge storage effect in depletion layer or junction capacitance in the reverse-biased Photodiodes Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 38
3.4. Operation in the Reverse Breakdown
3.4. peration in the Reverse Breakdown Under certain circumstances, diodes may be intentionally used in the reverse breakdown region These are referred to as Zener Diode or Breakdown Diode Voltage regulator
More informationChapter #4: Diodes. from Microelectronic Circuits Text by Sedra and Smith Oxford Publishing
Chapter #4: Diodes from Microelectronic Circuits Text by Sedra and Smith Oxford Publishing Introduction IN THIS CHAPTER WE WILL LEARN the characteristics of the ideal diode and how to analyze and design
More informationDiodes (non-linear devices)
C H A P T E R 4 Diodes (non-linear devices) Ideal Diode Figure 4.2 The two modes of operation of ideal diodes and the use of an external circuit to limit (a) the forward current and (b) the reverse voltage.
More informationChing-Yuan Yang. (symbol) Called breakdown diode or Zener diode, it can be used as voltage regulator. Breakdown voltage V ZK
Diodes Read Chapter 3, Section 3.4-3.6, 3.9 Sedra/Smith s Microelectronic Circuits Ching-Yuan Yang National Chung Hsing University Department of Electrical Engineering Zener diode Operate in the reverse
More informationCHAPTER 1 DIODE CIRCUITS. Semiconductor act differently to DC and AC currents
CHAPTER 1 DIODE CIRCUITS Resistance levels Semiconductor act differently to DC and AC currents There are three types of resistances 1. DC or static resistance The application of DC voltage to a circuit
More informationBasic Electronic Devices and Circuits EE 111 Electrical Engineering Majmaah University 2 nd Semester 1432/1433 H. Chapter 2. Diodes and Applications
Basic Electronic Devices and Circuits EE 111 Electrical Engineering Majmaah University 2 nd Semester 1432/1433 H Chapter 2 Diodes and Applications 1 Diodes A diode is a semiconductor device with a single
More informationZener Diodes. Specifying and modeling the zener diode. - Diodes operating in the breakdown region can be used in the design of voltage regulators.
Zener Diodes - Diodes operating in the breakdown region can be used in the design of voltage regulators. Specifying and modeling the zener diode Dynamic resistance, r Z a few ohms to a few tens of ohms
More informationENG2210 Electronic Circuits. Chapter 3 Diodes
ENG2210 Electronic Circuits Mokhtar A. Aboelaze York University Chapter 3 Diodes Objectives Learn the characteristics of ideal diode and how to analyze and design circuits containing multiple diodes Learn
More informationChapter #3: Diodes. from Microelectronic Circuits Text by Sedra and Smith Oxford Publishing
Chapter #3: Diodes from Microelectronic Circuits Text by Sedra and Smith Oxford Publishing Introduction IN THIS CHAPTER WE WILL LEARN the characteristics of the ideal diode and how to analyze and design
More informationChapter 2. Diodes & Applications
Chapter 2 Diodes & Applications The Diode A diode is made from a small piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon, in which half is doped as a p region and half is doped as an n region with a pn
More informationAnalog Electronic Circuits
Analog Electronic Circuits Chapter 1: Semiconductor Diodes Objectives: To become familiar with the working principles of semiconductor diode To become familiar with the design and analysis of diode circuits
More informationMicroelectronic Circuits, Kyung Hee Univ. Spring, Chapter 3. Diodes
Chapter 3. Diodes 1 Introduction IN THIS CHAPTER WE WILL LEARN the characteristics of the ideal diode and how to analyze and design circuits containing multiple ideal diodes together with resistors and
More informationIENGINEERS- CONSULTANTS QUESTION BANK SERIES ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 1 YEAR UPTU
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Unit 1 Objectives Q.1 The breakdown mechanism in a lightly doped p-n junction under reverse biased condition is called. (A) avalanche breakdown. (B) zener breakdown. (C) breakdown
More informationAfter performing this experiment, you should be able to:
Objectives: After performing this experiment, you should be able to: Demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the two basic rectifier circuits. Draw the output waveforms for the two basic rectifier
More information55:041 Electronic Circuits
55:041 Electronic Circuits Chapter 1 & 2 A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-1 Semiconductors licon () atoms have 4 electrons in valence band and form strong covalent bonds with surrounding atoms. Section 1.1.2
More information2) The larger the ripple voltage, the better the filter. 2) 3) Clamping circuits use capacitors and diodes to add a dc level to a waveform.
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) A diode conducts current when forward-biased and blocks current when reverse-biased. 1) 2) The larger the ripple voltage,
More informationEXPERIMENT 5 : DIODES AND RECTIFICATION
EXPERIMENT 5 : DIODES AND RECTIFICATION Component List Resistors, one of each o 2 1010W o 1 1k o 1 10k 4 1N4004 (Imax = 1A, PIV = 400V) Diodes Center tap transformer (35.6Vpp, 12.6 VRMS) 100 F Electrolytic
More informationFundamentals of Microelectronics
Fundamentals of Microelectronics CH1 Why Microelectronics? CH2 Basic Physics of Semiconductors CH3 Diode Circuits CH4 Physics of Bipolar Transistors CH5 Bipolar Amplifiers CH6 Physics of MOS Transistors
More informationEXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE
EXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE Component List Resistors, one of each o 1 10 10W o 1 1k o 1 10k 4 1N4004 (Imax = 1A, PIV = 400V) Diodes Center tap transformer (35.6Vpp, 12.6 VRMS) 100 F Electrolytic Capacitor
More informationFET Channel. - simplified representation of three terminal device called a field effect transistor (FET)
FET Channel - simplified representation of three terminal device called a field effect transistor (FET) - overall horizontal shape - current levels off as voltage increases - two regions of operation 1.
More informationTable of Contents. iii
Table of Contents Subject Page Experiment 1: Diode Characteristics... 1 Experiment 2: Rectifier Circuits... 7 Experiment 3: Clipping and Clamping Circuits 17 Experiment 4: The Zener Diode 25 Experiment
More informationR a) Draw and explain VI characteristics of Si & Ge diode. (8M) b) Explain the operation of SCR & its characteristics (8M)
SET - 1 1. a) Define i) transient capacitance ii) Diffusion capacitance (4M) b) Explain Fermi level in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor (4M) c) Derive the expression for ripple factor of Half wave
More informationLecture (04) PN Diode applications II
Lecture (04) PN Diode applications II By: Dr. Ahmed ElShafee ١ Agenda Full wave rectifier, cont.,.. Filters Voltage Regulators ٢ RMS The RMS value of a set of values (or a continuous time waveform) is
More informationDiodes & Rectifiers Nafees Ahamad
Diodes & Rectifiers Nafees Ahamad Asstt. Prof., EECE Deptt, DIT University, Dehradun Website: www.eedofdit.weebly.com 1 Diodes Electronic devices created by bringing together a p-type and n-type region
More informationTerm Roadmap : Materials Types 1. INSULATORS
Term Roadmap : Introduction to Signal Processing Differentiating and Integrating Circuits (OpAmps) Clipping and Clamping Circuits(Diodes) Design of analog filters Sinusoidal Oscillators Multivibrators
More informationExamples to Power Supply
Examples to Power Supply Example-1: A center-tapped full-wave rectifier connected to a transformer whose each secondary coil has a r.m.s. voltage of 1 V. Assume the internal resistances of the diode and
More informationECE321 Electronics I
ECE321 Electronics Lecture 2: Basic Circuits with Diodes Payman Zarkesh-Ha Office: ECE Bldg. 230B Office hours: Tuesday 2:00-3:00PM or by appointment E-mail: pzarkesh.unm.edu Slide: 1 Review of Last Lecture
More information(A) im (B) im (C)0.5 im (D) im.
Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi. (An Autonomous Institution affiliated to Anna University) Regulation 2014 Fourth Semester Electrical and Electronics Engineering 141EE0404
More informationEXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE
EXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE Component List Resistors, one of each o 1 10 10W o 1 1k o 1 10k 4 1N4004 (I max = 1A, PIV = 400V) Diodes Center tap transformer (35.6V pp, 12.6 V RMS ) 100 F Electrolytic Capacitor
More informationEEE118: Electronic Devices and Circuits
EEE118: Electronic Devices and Circuits Lecture V James E Green Department of Electronic Engineering University of Sheffield j.e.green@sheffield.ac.uk Last Lecture: Review 1 Finished the diode conduction
More informationElectronic I Lecture 3 Diode Rectifiers. By Asst. Prof Dr. Jassim K. Hmood
Electronic I Lecture 3 Diode Rectifiers By Asst. Prof Dr. Jassim K. Hmood Diode Approximations 1- The Ideal Model When forward biased, act as a closed (on) switch When reverse biased, act as open (off)
More informationApplications of Diode
Applications of Diode Diode Approximation: (Large signal operations): 1. Ideal Diode: When diode is forward biased, resistance offered is zero, When it is reverse biased resistance offered is infinity.
More informationElectronic Circuits I - Tutorial 03 Diode Applications I
Electronic Circuits I - Tutorial 03 Diode Applications I -1 / 13 - T & F # Question 1 A diode can conduct current in two directions with equal ease. F 2 When reverse-biased, a diode ideally appears as
More informationEXPERIMENT 3 Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectification
Name & Surname: ID: Date: EXPERIMENT 3 Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectification Objective To calculate, compare, draw, and measure the DC output voltages of half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits. Tools
More informationLecture -1: p-n Junction Diode
Lecture -1: p-n Junction Diode Diode: A pure silicon crystal or germanium crystal is known as an intrinsic semiconductor. There are not enough free electrons and holes in an intrinsic semi-conductor to
More informationFundamentals of Microelectronics
Fundamentals of Microelectronics CH1 Why Microelectronics? CH2 Basic Physics of Semiconductors CH3 Diode Circuits CH4 Physics of Bipolar Transistors CH5 Bipolar Amplifiers CH6 Physics of MOS Transistors
More informationPart II. Devices Diode, BJT, MOSFETs
Part II Devices Diode, BJT, MOSFETs 49 4 Semiconductor Semiconductor The number of charge carriers available to conduct current 1 is between that of conductors and that of insulators. Semiconductor is
More information55:041 Electronic Circuits
55:041 Electronic Circuits Chapter 1 & 2 A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-1 Semiconductors licon () atoms have 4 electrons in valence band and form strong covalent bonds with surrounding atoms. Section 1.1.2
More informationBaşkent University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEM 214 Electronics I Experiment 2. Diode Rectifier Circuits
Başkent University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering EEM 214 Electronics I Experiment 2 Diode Rectifier Circuits Aim: The purpose of this experiment is to become familiar with the use
More informationLecture (03) Diodes and Diode Applications I
Lecture (03) Diodes and Diode Applications I By: Dr. Ahmed ElShafee ١ Agenda VOLTAGE CURRENT CHARACTERISTIC OF A DIODE Forward bias Reverse Bias V I Characteristic for Forward Bias V I Characteristic for
More informationEXPERIMENT 7: DIODE CHARACTERISTICS AND CIRCUITS 10/24/10
DIODE CHARACTERISTICS AND CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7: DIODE CHARACTERISTICS AND CIRCUITS 10/24/10 In this experiment we will measure the I vs V characteristics of Si, Ge, and Zener p-n junction diodes, and
More informationMicroelectronic Circuits Fourth Edition Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith, 1998 Oxford University Press
Diodes ELZ 206 - Elektronik I Microelectronic Circuits Fourth Edition Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith, 1998 Oxford University Press Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dicle University
More informationAn Introduction to Rectifier Circuits
TRADEMARK OF INNOVATION An Introduction to Rectifier Circuits An important application of the diode is one that takes place in the design of the rectifier circuit. Simply put, this circuit converts alternating
More informationLecture 7: Diode Rectifier Circuits (Half Cycle, Full Cycle, and Bridge).
Whites, EE 320 Lecture 7 Page 1 of 9 Lecture 7: Diode Rectifier Circuits (Half Cycle, Full Cycle, and Bridge). We saw in the previous lecture that Zener diodes can be used in circuits that provide (1)
More informationCHAPTER 4 FULL WAVE RECTIFIER. AC DC Conversion
CHAPTER 4 FULL WAVE RECTIFIER AC DC Conversion SINGLE PHASE FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER The objective of a full wave rectifier is to produce a voltage or current which is purely dc or has some specified dc component.
More informationSheet 2 Diodes. ECE335: Electronic Engineering Fall Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering. Problem (1) Draw the
Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering ECE335: Electronic Engineering Fall 2014 Sheet 2 Diodes Problem (1) Draw the i) Charge density distribution, ii) Electric field distribution iii) Potential distribution,
More information3. Diode, Rectifiers, and Power Supplies
3. Diode, Rectifiers, and Power Supplies Semiconductor diodes are active devices which are extremely important for various electrical and electronic circuits. Diodes are active non-linear circuit elements
More informationElectronic Circuits I Laboratory 03 Rectifiers
Electronic Circuits I Laboratory 03 Rectifiers # Student ID Student Name Grade (10) 1 Instructor signature 2 3 4 5 Delivery Date -1 / 18 - Objectives In this experiment, you will get to know a group of
More informationSUMMER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: / N
Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate
More informationR. W. Erickson. Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder
R. W. Erickson Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder pn junction! Junction diode consisting of! p-doped silicon! n-doped silicon! A p-n junction where
More informationCircuit operation Let s look at the operation of this single diode rectifier when connected across an alternating voltage source v s.
Diode Rectifier Circuits One of the important applications of a semiconductor diode is in rectification of AC signals to DC. Diodes are very commonly used for obtaining DC voltage supplies from the readily
More informationDiode Bridges. Book page
Diode Bridges Book page 450-454 Rectification The process of converting an ac supply into dc is called rectification The device that carries this out is called a rectifier Half wave rectifier only half
More informationElectronic Devices. Floyd. Chapter 2. Ninth Edition. Electronic Devices, 9th edition Thomas L. Floyd
Electronic Devices Ninth Edition Floyd Chapter 2 Agenda Diode Circuits and Applications Half-wave Rectifier Full-wave Rectifier Power Supply Filter Power Supply Regulator Diode Limiting Circuits Diode
More informationElectronic Instrumentation. Experiment 8: Diodes (continued) Project 4: Optical Communications Link
Electronic Instrumentation Experiment 8: Diodes (continued) Project 4: Optical Communications Link Agenda Brief Review: Diodes Zener Diodes Project 4: Optical Communication Link Why optics? Understanding
More informationEXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE
EXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE Equipment List Dual Channel Oscilloscope R, 330, 1k, 10k resistors P, Tri-Power Supply V, 2x Multimeters D, 4x 1N4004: I max = 1A, PIV = 400V Silicon Diode P 2 35.6V pp (12.6 V
More information2 MARKS EE2203 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS UNIT 1
2 MARKS EE2203 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS UNIT 1 1. Define PN junction. When a p type semiconductor is joined to a N type semiconductor the contact surface is called PN junction. 2. What is an ideal
More informationDiodes and Applications
Diodes and Applications Diodes and Applications 2 1 Diode Operation 2 2 Voltage-Current (V-I) Characteristics 2 3 Diode Models 2 4 Half-Wave Rectifiers 2 5 Full-Wave Rectifiers 2 6 Power Supply Filters
More informationExperiments in Analog Electronics
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Analog Electronics Laboratory Experiments in Analog Electronics By Firas Mohammed Ali
More informationELEN-325. Introduction to Electronic Circuits: Design Approach. ELEN-325. Part IV. Diode s Applications
Jose SilvaMartinez ELEN325. Part I. Diode s Applications 1. The PN junction (diode). The diode is a unidirectional device with two modes of operation: Forward bias when current can flow through the device
More informationSummer 2015 Examination. 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
Summer 2015 Examination Subject Code: 17215 Model Answer Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
More informationUNIT V - RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES
UNIT V - RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES OBJECTIVE On the completion of this unit the student will understand CLASSIFICATION OF POWER SUPPLY HALF WAVE, FULL WAVE, BRIDGE RECTIFER AND ITS RIPPLE FACTOR C,
More informationElectronics I - Diode Circuits
Chapter 5 Electronics I - Diode Circuits p n A K Fall 2017 talarico@gonzaga.edu 1 Diode Circuits Applications: Rectifiers Limiting Circuits (a.k.a. clippers) Detectors Level Shifters (a.k.a. clampers)
More informationhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/power/triac.html Triac Tutorial and Basic Principles In the previous tutorial we looked at the construction and operation of the Silicon Controlled Rectifier more commonly
More informationAnalog Electronics. Lecture 3. Muhammad Amir Yousaf
Analog Electronics Lecture 3 Discrete Semiconductor Devices Rectifier (Diodes) Light Emitting Diodes Zener Diodes Photo Diodes Transistors Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) MOSFETs Diodes A diode is
More informationECE321 Electronics I
ECE32 Electronics Lecture 2: Basic Circuits with iodes Payman Zarkesh-Ha Office: ECE Bldg. 230B Office hours: Tuesday 2:00-3:00PM or by appointment E-mail: payman@ece.unm.edu Slide: Review of Last Lecture
More informationThe Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:
Exercise 1 Power Diode Single-Phase Rectifiers EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will know what a diode is, and how it operates. You will be familiar with two types of circuits
More informationITT Technical Institute. ET215 Devices I Chapter 2 Sections
ITT Technical Institute ET215 Devices I Chapter 2 Sections 2.8-2.10 Chapter 2 Section 2.8 Special-Purpose Diodes The preceding discussions of diodes has focused on applications that exploit the fact that
More informationObjective Type Questions 1. Why pure semiconductors are insulators at 0 o K? 2. What is effect of temperature on barrier voltage? 3.
Objective Type Questions 1. Why pure semiconductors are insulators at 0 o K? 2. What is effect of temperature on barrier voltage? 3. What is difference between electron and hole? 4. Why electrons have
More informationDiode Applications 1
Diode Applications 1 Explain and analyze the operation of both half and full wave rectifiers Explain and analyze filters and regulators and their characteristics Explain and analyze the operation of diode
More informationBasic Electronics Important questions
Basic Electronics Important questions B.E-2/4 Mech- B Faculty: P.Lakshmi Prasanna Note: Read the questions in the following order i. Assignment questions ii. Class test iii. Expected questions iv. Tutorials
More informationDOWNLOAD PDF POWER ELECTRONICS DEVICES DRIVERS AND APPLICATIONS
Chapter 1 : Power Electronics Devices, Drivers, Applications, and Passive theinnatdunvilla.com - Google D Download Power Electronics: Devices, Drivers and Applications By B.W. Williams - Provides a wide
More informationExercise 12. Semiconductors EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE DISCUSSION. Introduction to semiconductors. The diode
Exercise 12 Semiconductors EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will be familiar with the operation of a diode. You will learn how to use a diode to rectify ac voltage to produce
More informationHomework No. 2 Diodes Electronics I. Reading Assignment: Chapters 1 through 4 in Microelectronic Circuits, by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith.
Homework No. 2 Diodes Electronics I Homework Quiz: See website for quiz date. Reading Assignment: Chapters 1 through 4 in Microelectronic Circuits, by Adel S. Sedra and Kenneth C. Smith. 1. Exercises 4.1
More informationFederal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology Islamabad Pakistan SECOND SEMESTER ELECTRONICS - I
SECOND SEMESTER ELECTRONICS - I BASIC ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS LAB DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Prepared By: Checked By: Approved By: Engr. Yousaf Hameed Engr. M.Nasim Khan Dr.Noman Jafri Lecturer
More informationEDC Lecture Notes UNIT-1
P-N Junction Diode EDC Lecture Notes Diode: A pure silicon crystal or germanium crystal is known as an intrinsic semiconductor. There are not enough free electrons and holes in an intrinsic semi-conductor
More informationR. W. Erickson. Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder
R. W. Erickson Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder Inclusion of Switching Loss in the Averaged Equivalent Circuit Model The methods of Chapter 3 can
More informationIntrinsic Semiconductor
Semiconductors Crystalline solid materials whose resistivities are values between those of conductors and insulators. Good electrical characteristics and feasible fabrication technology are some reasons
More informationCHAPTER 5: REGULATED DC POWER SUPPLY
CHAPTER 5: REGULATED DC POWER SUPPLY Dr. Wan Mahani Hafizah binti Wan Mahmud Topics in Chapter 5 5.0Introduction 5.1Rectifier 5.2Filter 5.3oltage Regulator 5.4Switching Regulator 2 Power Supply Block Diagram
More informationCh5 Diodes and Diodes Circuits
Circuits and Analog Electronics Ch5 Diodes and Diodes Circuits 5.1 The Physical Principles of Semiconductor 5.2 Diodes 5.3 Diode Circuits 5.4 Zener Diode References: Floyd-Ch2; Gao-Ch6; 5.1 The Physical
More informationPhysics 160 Lecture 5. R. Johnson April 13, 2015
Physics 160 Lecture 5 R. Johnson April 13, 2015 Half Wave Diode Rectifiers Full Wave April 13, 2015 Physics 160 2 Note that there is no ground connection on this side of the rectifier! Output Smoothing
More informationEC6202- ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS UNIT TEST-1 EXPECTED QUESTIONS
EC6202- ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS UNIT TEST-1 EXPECTED QUESTIONS 1. List the PN diode parameters. 1. Bulk Resistance. 2. Static Resistance/Junction Resistance (or) DC Forward Resistance 3. Dynamic
More informationElectric Circuit Fall 2017 Lab3 LABORATORY 3. Diode. Guide
LABORATORY 3 Diode Guide Diodes Overview Diodes are mostly used in practice for emitting light (as Light Emitting Diodes, LEDs) or controlling voltages in various circuits. Typical diode packages in same
More informationLABORATORY 8 DIODE CIRCUITS
LABORATORY 8 DIODE CIRCUITS A solid state diode consists of a junction of either dissimilar semiconductors (pn junction diode) or a metal and a semiconductor (Schottky barrier diode). Regardless of the
More informationRECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES
UNIT V RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES Half-wave, full-wave and bridge rectifiers with resistive load. Analysis for Vdc and ripple voltage with C,CL, L-C and C-L-C filters. Voltage multipliers Zenerdiode
More informationExperiment Topic : FM Modulator
7-1 Experiment Topic : FM Modulator 7.1: Curriculum Objectives 1. To understand the characteristics of varactor diodes. 2. To understand the operation theory of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). 3.
More informationHomework Assignment 04
Question 1 (Short Takes) Homework Assignment 04 1. Consider the single-supply op-amp amplifier shown. What is the purpose of R 3? (1 point) Answer: This compensates for the op-amp s input bias current.
More informationsemiconductor p-n junction Potential difference across the depletion region is called the built-in potential barrier, or built-in voltage:
Chapter four The Equilibrium pn Junction The Electric field will create a force that will stop the diffusion of carriers reaches thermal equilibrium condition Potential difference across the depletion
More informationConcepts to be Covered
Introductory Medical Device Prototyping Analog Circuits Part 2 Semiconductors, http://saliterman.umn.edu/ Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Concepts to be Covered Semiconductors
More information1. An engineer measures the (step response) rise time of an amplifier as. Estimate the 3-dB bandwidth of the amplifier. (2 points)
Exam 1 Name: Score /60 Question 1 Short Takes 1 point each unless noted otherwise. 1. An engineer measures the (step response) rise time of an amplifier as. Estimate the 3-dB bandwidth of the amplifier.
More informationMicroelectronic Circuits
SECOND EDITION ISHBWHBI \ ' -' Microelectronic Circuits Adel S. Sedra University of Toronto Kenneth С Smith University of Toronto HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON, INC. New York Chicago
More informationClippers limiter circuits Vi > V Vi < V
Semiconductor Diode Clipper and Clamper Circuits Clippers Clipper circuits, also called limiter circuits, are used to eliminate portion of a signal that are above or below a specified level clip value.
More informationElectronics 1 Lab (CME 2410)
Electronics 1 Lab (CME 410) School of Informatics & Computing German Jordanian University Laboratory Experiment () 1. Objective: Half-Wave, Full-Wave Rectifiers o be familiar with the half-wave rectifier,
More informationSemiconductor theory predicts that the current through a diode is given by
3 DIODES 3 Diodes A diode is perhaps the simplest non-linear circuit element. To first order, it acts as a one-way valve. It is important, however, for a wide variety of applications, and will also form
More informationMAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified)
WINTER 16 EXAMINATION Model Answer Subject Code: 17213 Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2)
More information전자회로 1 (Fundamentals of Microelectronics 1) Diode Models and Circuits
전자회로 1 (Fundamentals of Microelectronics 1) Diode Models and Circuits Instructor: Prof. Jintae Kim Mixed-Signal Electronics Group Konkuk University What we will learn Diode model as circuit elements -
More informationDiode Characteristics and Applications
Diode Characteristics and Applications Topics covered in this presentation: Diode Characteristics Diode Clamp Protecting Against Back-EMF Half-Wave Rectifier The Zener Diode 1 of 18 Diode Characteristics
More informationEC T34 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS
RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PONDY-CUDDALORE MAIN ROAD, KIRUMAMPAKKAM-PUDUCHERRY DEPARTMENT OF ECE EC T34 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS II YEAR Mr.L.ARUNJEEVA., AP/ECE 1 PN JUNCTION
More informationShankersinh Vaghela Bapu Institute of Technology INDEX
Shankersinh Vaghela Bapu Institute of Technology Diploma EE Semester III 3330905: ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS INDEX Sr. No. Title Page Date Sign Grade 1 Obtain I-V characteristic of Diode. 2 To
More informationMAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified)
WINTER 16 EXAMINATION Model Answer Subject Code: 17215 Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2)
More informationLecture (03) Diode applications
Lecture (03) Diode applications By: Dr. Ahmed ElShafee ١ Agenda The Basic DC Power Supply Half wave rectifier Full wave rectifier Filters Voltage Regulators ٢ The Basic DC Power Supply All active electronic
More information