55:041 Electronic Circuits

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "55:041 Electronic Circuits"

Transcription

1 55:041 Electronic Circuits Chapter 1 & 2 A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-1

2 Semiconductors licon () atoms have 4 electrons in valence band and form strong covalent bonds with surrounding atoms. Section If we apply an electric field, no current will flow A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-2

3 Semiconductors Section P e Doping with phosphorous (P) leave unbounded electrons leading to n-material A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-3

4 Semiconductors Section e P If we apply an electric field, atoms steal each other valence bond and electrons move current flows. A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-4

5 Semiconductors Section e P If we apply an electric field, atoms steal each other valence bond and electrons move current flows. We now have a an n-type semiconductor. A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-5

6 Semiconductors licon () atoms have 4 electrons in valence band and form strong covalent bonds with surrounding atoms. Section If we apply an electric field, no current will flow A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-6

7 Semiconductors Section B h Doping with boron (B) leave one atom wanting for one electron there is a hole A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-7

8 Semiconductors Section B h If we apply an electric field, atoms steal each other s valence bond and holes move current flows. A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-8

9 Semiconductors Section B h If we apply an electric field, atoms steal each other s valence bond and holes move current flows. A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-9

10 The Equilibrium pn Junction Space-charge /depletion region Built-in potential barrier V bi kt N an d N an ln V ln 2 T n n 2 e i i d V T kt e 26 mv at T 300 K A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-10

11 The Reverse-Biased pn Junction depletion (nonconductive) p (conductive) n (conductive) Reverse voltage s electric field aids built-in electric field => increases depletion region C j C j0 V 1 V R bi 1/ 2 C j0 V 1 V R bi Varactor or varicap diodes C j0 = junction capacitance at zero applied voltage A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-11

12 Varactor Diodes Coupling capacitors oscillator Tuning voltage Resonant tank More than 99% of radios (cell phones) use varactor diodes for tuning A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-12

13 Ideal Current-Voltage Relationship Section Theoretical ( ideal ) diode equation: i D vd nvt I S e 1 i D = diode current v D = voltage across diode I S = reverse-bias saturation current V T = Thermal voltage V T = kt/e 26 mv at T = 300 K n = Emission coefficient 1 n 2, unless otherwise noted, assume n = 1 In many/most cases a good approximation for a forward-biased diode is i D I S e v V D T A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-13

14 Diode Equation Example 1.7 Consider a pn junction at T = 300 K with I S = A and n = 1. Find the diode current for v D = +0.7 V and v D = -0.7 V i D vd nvt I S e e ma vd 0.7 nvt 14 i D I S e e 1 10 A Even though I S = A is very small, even a small value of forward bias (v D = +0.7 V) can induce a moderate amount of diode current. With reverse bias, the diode current is virtually zero A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-14

15 pn Junction Diode Sect i D vd nvt I S e 1 With real diodes, the reverse bias current is typically much larger than I S, but still quite small. For example, the reverse current for a diodes with I S = A may be perhaps 10-9 A. A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-15

16 i D vd nvt I S e 1 Temperature Effects Both I S and the thermal voltage (V T = kt/e ) are functions of temperature, so the diode characteristics vary with temperature. I S doubles for every 5 o C and actual reverse current doubles for every 10 o C rise in temperature v D T 2 mv/ licon diode o C A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-16

17 Diode Circuits: DC Analysis & Models Sect. 1.3 I-V Characteristic of an deal diode Concept: model Equivalent circuit under reverse bias Equivalent circuit under forward bias mplified mathematical construction Models have limitations Often several models are available for the same entity Which model should one use? A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-17

18 Iteration and Graphical Analysis Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) V I PS D I D V R PS R D VD R V D dc Analysis => use upper-case letters and upper-case subscripts Find I D and V D Also I D VD VT I S e 1 I S e V V D T 1 V R PS VD R This is a transcendental equation and cannot be solved directly. Requires a graphical or iterative solution. A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-18

19 Iteration Solution Example 1.8 Determine I D and V D for the following circuit, using iteration. Assume I S = A. V PS V 3 13 e D VD R I D V D 0 Try V D = 0.6 V Try V D = 0.65 V V PS R I D V D V PS I VD VT RI S e 1 V D V PS V R D D ma V D = V A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-19

20 Graphical Analysis Solution Determine I D and V D for the following circuit, using graphical analysis. Assume I S = A. Example 1.8 I D (ma) V PS R 2.5 Q-point V D (V) A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-20

21 Piecewise Linear Model Sect Slope = 1/r f = forward diode resistance. Very steep. r f =0 V = turn-on, cut-in, or voltage 0.65 V for diode Diode I-V characteristics and two linear approximations Piecewise linear model V D < V V D V A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-21

22 Piecewise Linear Model & Load Line Piecewise linear model Model for a resistor Model for diode Model for another resistor Q 1 Model for yet another resistor Q 2 Q 3 A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-22

23 Load Lines V PS 3.3 V V PS 2.8 V R 82 R 82 I? I? ma LED cut-in voltage is not 0.7 V, but ~ 1.8 V for red LEDs Load line I D ~ 20 ma 3.3 V Froward Voltage (V) A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-23

24 debar Engineering Notation We typically use upper case for dc values We typically use lower case for ac signals Know and use engineering notation 0.01 V V 10 mv A A 1.2 nf F Learn how to change modes on your calculator. There are great online resources available. Sometimes engineers drop the units, since they are implied: 10K 10 kω10,000 Ω H A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-24

25 AC equivalent Circuit Sect 1.4 Creates small excursions from Q-point Sets Q-point slope g d 1 r d A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-25

26 AC equivalent Circuit i D g d I S e di dv v d / V T D D D d I sd e d v / V I s i gd V D T e T I se dv v d / D V vd / VT d vd / V vd / V 1 T T T dv D V T Slope Chain rule r d I DQ 1 g d I DQ V I T DQ Small-signal incremental resistance A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-26

27 Diode Circuit Analysis When ac signal is small, the dc operation can be decoupled from the ac operation. First perform dc analysis using the dc equivalent circuit. Then perform the ac analysis using the ac equivalent circuit. r d 1 g d V I T DQ Step 1: dc analysis to determine Q-point: I DQ and V DQ Step 2: short dc voltage source, and replace diode with small signal ac model. A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-27

28 Diode Circuit Analysis Example 1.11 Analyze the circuit to the right, assuming V = 5 V, PS R = 5 kω, V = 0.6 V, and v i = 0.1 sin(t) (V). I V r d DQ o V Step 1: dc analysis to determine Q-point PS V R ma I R ( 0.88) (5) 4.4 V DQ Step 2: ac analysis. short dc source, (dc) 1 VT k 3 g I d DQ i v d v o i i r i d d d ( r R) d vi R Small signal ac model 0.1sin t 19.9sint A R sint V (ac) A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-28

29 Diode Circuit Analysis Example 1.11 V o I R DQ ( 0.88) (5) 4.4 V v o i d R sint V A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-29

30 Frequency Response More refined small-signal model r d 1 g C d d dq dv D V I T DQ Even more complete small signal model Change in minority carrier stored charge with time-varying voltage superimposed on dc quiescent voltage. The change in stored charge leads to a diode diffusion capacitance. Diffusion capacitance is normally much larger than junction capacitance C j C j0 V 1 V R bi r d 1/ 2 1 g C d d dq dv C D j0 V 1 V V I R bi T DQ A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-30

31 Exam Question Have a good understanding of the difference between junction- and diffusion capacitance of a pn junction. A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-31

32 Excess Carriers Section High-energy photons e h e h A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-32

33 Photodiodes Sect. 1.5 Photons enter space-charge region e e e Photons with energy > E g may generate an electron-hole pair in the space charge region Electric field in space-charge region quickly sweeps electrons and holes to p- and n- material (fast) Electrons and holes diffuse to terminals and generate an external photocurrent (slow) External photo current flows Note direction of current: from anode to cathode Photodiodes are optimized to generate large photocurrents: special material, doping, expose space-charge region to light, etc. A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-33

34 Photodiodes Sect. 1.5 I ph e A Increasing the junction area increases sensitivity Add reverse bias Increases depletion region Larger sensing area, making diode more sensitive Reduces junction capacitance and makes diode faster For some photodiodes, the reverse bias can be 100 V or more C j C j0 V 1 V R bi A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-34

35 Photodiodes Sect. 2.5 Large area diode => sensitive Many photodiodes are similar in appearance to LEDs A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-35

36 Other Diodes: Light-Emitting Diodes Converts current to light Photon generation is linear with recombination rate and forward current Color is determined by E g which also determines V LEDs have relatively low breakdown voltage (5 V) A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-36

37 Other Diodes Schottky Barrier Diode Semiconductor/metal junction I I e qv / nkt o n is the ideality factor: 1-2 I o is much larger than in /Ge diodes gnificantly lower turn-on voltage Fast switching when compared to pn junction diode. Storage time t s is essentially zero. Larger reverse saturation current Lower reverse breakdown voltage Widely-used in reverse-protection circuits Widely used in switching dc-dc converters Widely-used in RF as mixers A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-37

38 Schottky Diode Application Schottky Diodes A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-38

39 Recap: Piecewise Linear Diode Models Equivalent circuit under reverse bias Equivalent circuit under forward bias Equivalent circuit under reverse bias Equivalent circuit under forward bias V One may view the diode as a voltage-controlled switch. A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-39

40 Diode Wired-Or Application In normal operation, the 5 V linear regulator provides clean 5 V. D 1 drops V D(on). This is greater than (3 V + V D(on) ), so D 2 is reverse-biased and open V 3 V A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-40

41 Diode Wired-Or Application In normal operation, the 5 V linear regulator provides clean 5 V. D 1 drops V D(on). This is greater than (3 V + V D(on) ), so D 2 is reverse-biased and open. Without main power, D 2 is forward-biased, turns on, and powers the controller. 0 V A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-41

42 Diode Wired-Or Application In normal operation, the 5 V linear regulator provides clean 5 V. D 1 drops V D(on). This is greater than (3 V + V D(on) ), so D 2 is reverse-biased and open. Without main power, D 2 is forward-biased, turns on, and powers the controller. Question: what type of diodes should D1, D2, be, and why? Answer: Schottky diodes, because they have lower turn-on voltages than diodes. Thus, these diodes dissipate less power. A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-42

43 Wired-OR Diodes A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-43

44 Diode Clipper Sect. 2.3 Output for sine wave input Diode remains open until v I > V B + V Then it becomes as short circuit A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-44

45 Diode Clipper Sect. 2.3 Diode conducts while v I < V B - V, and output is clipped at V B - V Diode conducts while v I > -(V B - V ), and output is clipped at (V B - V ) A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-45

46 Clampers Clampers shifts the entire signal voltage by a dc level. Sect Input signal Capacitor Voltage Output Voltage Level Shifting A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-46

47 Clampers Sect Clamper with voltage source Level Shifting A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-47

48 Multiple Diode Circuits Sect Each diode can be either on or off May have to examine all possibilities D1 D2 On 1 0 Off 0 0 On 0 1 Off 1 1 Two-diode circuit Four possible states Some states may not be feasible because of diode directions and polarities A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-48

49 Optoisolator Sect. 2.5 Two optoisolator in this package A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-49

50 Amplitude-modulated (AM) signal Detectors Sect Information RF Carrier Diode detector Detected signal Proper choice of RC constant important RC too large => output will not change fast enough and output will be distorted RC should be about 0.5 of carrier frequency A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-50

51 Crystal Sets A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-51

52 Diodes vs Rectifiers Rectifiers are diodes that are optimized to handle large currents and voltages Switching diodes are used to route/switch signals based on if they are forward- or reverse biased Application Switching Diodes Low-level signal processing Rectifier Diodes Converting ac power to dc power Typical : 0.6 V, Schottky: 0.2 Much larger Reverse leakage current Very small Orders of magnitude larger than switching diodes ze Small to very small Can be large with bolts for heat sinking PIV V Thousands of volts Switching Time Junction capacitance Can be as small as few ns Small (few pf) For, switching time in 10 s or 100 s of. For Shottky much faster gnificantly larger than signal diodes A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-52

53 v I v S, N 2, N 1 Rectifier Circuits Sect. 2.1 Transformer steps down from say, 120 VAC (rms) to 9 VAC (rms) Question: What is the turns-ratio for the transformer? Answer: That is, for every 13.3 turn on the primary side, there is one turn on the secondary side. v v I S N N A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-53

54 About Power Transformers Important fact 1: Voltage specifications are normally for rms values. Thus, a transformer with a 6.3 V secondary voltage will have an amplitude of 8.91 V, and a peak-to-peak of V under its rated load. Important fact 2: Voltage specifications are normally for a rated load. Without a load, the open-circuit voltage will be higher-sometimes significantly higher. Thus, a transformer with a 6.3 V secondary voltage could have a no-load amplitude of 10 V, and a no-load peak-to-peak of voltage of 20 V. The reason for this is that transformers have internal losses that one can model with an internal resistance. Ideal Transformer Better Model A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-54

55 Diode Rectifier Forward bias Reverse bias Forward bias A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-55

56 Diode Rectifier A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-56

57 Full-Wave Rectifier The full-wave rectifier is an important building block, and is very widely used Transformer steps down from say, 120 VAC (rms) to 9 VAC (rms) A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-57

58 Filters, and Ripple Voltage Sect Filter Capacitor Waveform for full-wave rectifier A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-58

59 Bridge Rectifier + Filter 2 Equation 2.9 in 4 th edition of Neaman s text book. Make sure you can derive and apply this. Taking the diode voltage drops into account, the formula becomes: 2 2 A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-59

60 Peak and Average Diode Currents Sect One can show (see text) that this is approximately triangular Results for full-wave rectifier Note: this easily be 10 to 20 times larger than average. Also, the smaller the ripple voltage, the larger the peak diode current. A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-60

61 Inrush Current V V t t Best case: power is turned on at zero-crossing Worst case: power is turned on at peak. Full secondary voltage 2 is applied across smoothing capacitor, and very large (100 ) average diode current can flow. Some diodes can with stand this, others cannot. There are special devices designed specifically for inrush current limiting. Initially they have large resistance, limiting current. As they heat up, their resistance drops and they allow more current to flow, automatically removing themselves from the circuit. A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-61

62 Inrush Current Initially, this negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistor or varistor has a large resistance, so it limits the current that can flow. As current starts to flow the NTC varistor heats up, and its resistance decreases, automatically removing itself from the circuit. This happens in a small number of cycles. Some NTC 10 A varistors. The initial resistance is around 10 Ω while the warm resistance is can be as small as 10 mω A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-62

63 About Capacitor Polarity So-called electrolytic capacitors allows for large capacitances in small packages. However, a side effect of these capacitors is that they are polarized. That is, one must make sure the side marked with a minus is always at lower potential than the other side in a circuit. See YouTube for some examples of what can happen if electrolytic capacitors are not connected correctly: A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-63

64 Three-Terminal Voltage Regulators Connected to common. Can be bolted to a heat sink to cool down. A 7805 in a TO220 Package Cost : $1 or less A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-64

65 Three-Terminal Voltage Regulators Step-down transformer Schematic of a linear power supply A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-65

66 Three-Terminal Regulators Bridge Rectifier Schematic of a linear power supply A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-66

67 Three-Terminal Regulators Filter Capacitor Schematic of a linear power supply A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-67

68 Three-Terminal Regulators Three-terminal regulator and it s capacitors Schematic of a linear power supply A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-68

69 Three-Terminal Regulators Fluctuation in input voltage: line fluctuations Schematic of a linear power supply A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-69

70 Three-Terminal Regulators Schematic of a linear power supply Fluctuation in load current: load fluctuations A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-70

71 Three-Terminal Voltage Regulators A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-71

72 Three-Terminal Voltage Regulators A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-72

73 Three-Terminal Voltage Regulators A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-73

74 Three-Terminal Voltage Regulators V O? V REF V O R2 R R 1 2 V o V R 1 1 R REF 2 A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-74

75 Three-Terminal Regulators V in V out I in I load V o V R 1 1 R REF 2 Fixed voltage: R 2 internal Adjustable: R 2 external GND I Q +3.3 V, +5 V, +12 V, + 15 V,.. -5 V, -12 V A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-75

76 Three-Terminal Regulators Issues Max output current and still regulate Capacitors are often crucial for stability. Carefully read datasheets Capacitor ESR Drop-out voltage & LDO V I Q Quiescent current Temperature compensation Short circuit protection (current limiting) Thermal protection Reverse polarity protection Load regulation: V O( NL) V V O( NL) O( FL) 100% Output resistance: R of V I O O V V O Line regulation: 100% I Ripple rejection (at some f) V I V A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-76

77 Three-Terminal Regulators Issues Reverse polarity protection + - Reverse polarity protection A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-77

78 Three-Terminal Regulators Issues Capacitors are often crucial for stability. Carefully read datasheets Capacitor ESR How big? Larger values have lower ESR General purpose aluminum will often lead to trouble Dipped tantalum: few ohms or less do to a few mω ($$) A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-78

79 Example A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-79

80 Part Numbers Positive fixed 78: UA7812, L7815CV,AN78L05, Positive adjustable LM317 Negative fixed 79: LM79L09, NJM7915FA, AN79L12 Negative adjustable LM337 A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-80

81 Other Diode Topics A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-81

82 Zener Diode Symbol Note: reverse bias Diode Reverse Breakdown Voltage can be controlled by doping Note, voltage almost constant, regardless of what current flows through diode V ~ 0.7 V for Zener resistance ~ few Ohms Available in a large range of voltages A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-82

83 Reverse Recovery Stored charge Current Question: What will happen to stored charge when diode is suddenly reverse-biased? Reverse recovery time for general-purpose diodes (1N4001) is a few μs Switching diodes can have reverse recovery times of few ns Schottky diodes can have reverse recovery times of 100 ps A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-83

84 A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-84

55:041 Electronic Circuits

55:041 Electronic Circuits 55:041 Electronic Circuits Chapter 1 & 2 A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-1 Semiconductors licon () atoms have 4 electrons in valence band and form strong covalent bonds with surrounding atoms. Section 1.1.2

More information

Radio Frequency Electronics

Radio Frequency Electronics Radio Frequency Electronics Active Components I Harry Nyquist Born in 1889 in Sweden Received B.S. and M.S. from U. North Dakota Received Ph.D. from Yale Worked and Bell Laboratories for all of his career

More information

Intrinsic Semiconductor

Intrinsic Semiconductor Semiconductors Crystalline solid materials whose resistivities are values between those of conductors and insulators. Good electrical characteristics and feasible fabrication technology are some reasons

More information

Diodes (non-linear devices)

Diodes (non-linear devices) C H A P T E R 4 Diodes (non-linear devices) Ideal Diode Figure 4.2 The two modes of operation of ideal diodes and the use of an external circuit to limit (a) the forward current and (b) the reverse voltage.

More information

ENG2210 Electronic Circuits. Chapter 3 Diodes

ENG2210 Electronic Circuits. Chapter 3 Diodes ENG2210 Electronic Circuits Mokhtar A. Aboelaze York University Chapter 3 Diodes Objectives Learn the characteristics of ideal diode and how to analyze and design circuits containing multiple diodes Learn

More information

Chapter 2. Diodes & Applications

Chapter 2. Diodes & Applications Chapter 2 Diodes & Applications The Diode A diode is made from a small piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon, in which half is doped as a p region and half is doped as an n region with a pn

More information

FET Channel. - simplified representation of three terminal device called a field effect transistor (FET)

FET Channel. - simplified representation of three terminal device called a field effect transistor (FET) FET Channel - simplified representation of three terminal device called a field effect transistor (FET) - overall horizontal shape - current levels off as voltage increases - two regions of operation 1.

More information

PN Junction Diode Table of Contents. What Are Diodes Made Out Of?

PN Junction Diode Table of Contents. What Are Diodes Made Out Of? PN Junction iode Table of Contents What are diodes made out of?slide 3 N-type materialslide 4 P-type materialslide 5 The pn junctionslides 6-7 The biased pn junctionslides 8-9 Properties of diodesslides

More information

Analog Electronic Circuits

Analog Electronic Circuits Analog Electronic Circuits Chapter 1: Semiconductor Diodes Objectives: To become familiar with the working principles of semiconductor diode To become familiar with the design and analysis of diode circuits

More information

Basic Electronic Devices and Circuits EE 111 Electrical Engineering Majmaah University 2 nd Semester 1432/1433 H. Chapter 2. Diodes and Applications

Basic Electronic Devices and Circuits EE 111 Electrical Engineering Majmaah University 2 nd Semester 1432/1433 H. Chapter 2. Diodes and Applications Basic Electronic Devices and Circuits EE 111 Electrical Engineering Majmaah University 2 nd Semester 1432/1433 H Chapter 2 Diodes and Applications 1 Diodes A diode is a semiconductor device with a single

More information

Diode conducts when V anode > V cathode. Positive current flow. Diodes (and transistors) are non-linear device: V IR!

Diode conducts when V anode > V cathode. Positive current flow. Diodes (and transistors) are non-linear device: V IR! Diodes: What do we use diodes for? Lecture 5: Diodes and Transistors protect circuits by limiting the voltage (clipping and clamping) turn AC into DC (voltage rectifier) voltage multipliers (e.g. double

More information

Ch5 Diodes and Diodes Circuits

Ch5 Diodes and Diodes Circuits Circuits and Analog Electronics Ch5 Diodes and Diodes Circuits 5.1 The Physical Principles of Semiconductor 5.2 Diodes 5.3 Diode Circuits 5.4 Zener Diode References: Floyd-Ch2; Gao-Ch6; 5.1 The Physical

More information

KOM2751 Analog Electronics :: Dr. Muharrem Mercimek :: YTU - Control and Automation Dept. 1 1 (CONT D) DIODES

KOM2751 Analog Electronics :: Dr. Muharrem Mercimek :: YTU - Control and Automation Dept. 1 1 (CONT D) DIODES KOM2751 Analog Electronics :: Dr. Muharrem Mercimek :: YTU - Control and Automation Dept. 1 1 (CONT D) DIODES Most of the content is from the textbook: Electronic devices and circuit theory, Robert L.

More information

semiconductor p-n junction Potential difference across the depletion region is called the built-in potential barrier, or built-in voltage:

semiconductor p-n junction Potential difference across the depletion region is called the built-in potential barrier, or built-in voltage: Chapter four The Equilibrium pn Junction The Electric field will create a force that will stop the diffusion of carriers reaches thermal equilibrium condition Potential difference across the depletion

More information

Laboratory No. 01: Small & Large Signal Diode Circuits. Electrical Enginnering Departement. By: Dr. Awad Al-Zaben. Instructor: Eng.

Laboratory No. 01: Small & Large Signal Diode Circuits. Electrical Enginnering Departement. By: Dr. Awad Al-Zaben. Instructor: Eng. Laboratory No. 01: Small & Large Signal Diode Circuits Electrical Enginnering Departement By: Dr. Awad Al-Zaben Instructor: Eng. Tamer Shahta Electronics Laboratory EE 3191 February 23, 2014 I. OBJECTIVES

More information

2) The larger the ripple voltage, the better the filter. 2) 3) Clamping circuits use capacitors and diodes to add a dc level to a waveform.

2) The larger the ripple voltage, the better the filter. 2) 3) Clamping circuits use capacitors and diodes to add a dc level to a waveform. TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) A diode conducts current when forward-biased and blocks current when reverse-biased. 1) 2) The larger the ripple voltage,

More information

Lecture -1: p-n Junction Diode

Lecture -1: p-n Junction Diode Lecture -1: p-n Junction Diode Diode: A pure silicon crystal or germanium crystal is known as an intrinsic semiconductor. There are not enough free electrons and holes in an intrinsic semi-conductor to

More information

Electronics I. Midterm #1

Electronics I. Midterm #1 EECS:3400 Electronics I s5ms_elct7.fm - Section Electronics I Midterm # Problems Points. 4 2. 5 3. 6 Total 5 Was the exam fair? yes no EECS:3400 Electronics I s5ms_elct7.fm - 2 Problem 4 points For full

More information

Homework Assignment 04

Homework Assignment 04 Question 1 (Short Takes) Homework Assignment 04 1. Consider the single-supply op-amp amplifier shown. What is the purpose of R 3? (1 point) Answer: This compensates for the op-amp s input bias current.

More information

1) A silicon diode measures a low value of resistance with the meter leads in both positions. The trouble, if any, is

1) A silicon diode measures a low value of resistance with the meter leads in both positions. The trouble, if any, is 1) A silicon diode measures a low value of resistance with the meter leads in both positions. The trouble, if any, is A [ ]) the diode is open. B [ ]) the diode is shorted to ground. C [v]) the diode is

More information

IENGINEERS- CONSULTANTS QUESTION BANK SERIES ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 1 YEAR UPTU

IENGINEERS- CONSULTANTS QUESTION BANK SERIES ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 1 YEAR UPTU ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Unit 1 Objectives Q.1 The breakdown mechanism in a lightly doped p-n junction under reverse biased condition is called. (A) avalanche breakdown. (B) zener breakdown. (C) breakdown

More information

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified)

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified) WINTER 16 EXAMINATION Model Answer Subject Code: 17215 Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2)

More information

EC T34 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

EC T34 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PONDY-CUDDALORE MAIN ROAD, KIRUMAMPAKKAM-PUDUCHERRY DEPARTMENT OF ECE EC T34 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS II YEAR Mr.L.ARUNJEEVA., AP/ECE 1 PN JUNCTION

More information

Electronics The basics of semiconductor physics

Electronics The basics of semiconductor physics Electronics The basics of semiconductor physics Prof. Márta Rencz, Gábor Takács BME DED 17/09/2015 1 / 37 The basic properties of semiconductors Range of conductivity [Source: http://www.britannica.com]

More information

Chapter 1: Semiconductor Diodes

Chapter 1: Semiconductor Diodes Chapter 1: Semiconductor Diodes Diodes The diode is a 2-terminal device. A diode ideally conducts in only one direction. 2 Diode Characteristics Conduction Region Non-Conduction Region The voltage across

More information

CHAPTER 1 DIODE CIRCUITS. Semiconductor act differently to DC and AC currents

CHAPTER 1 DIODE CIRCUITS. Semiconductor act differently to DC and AC currents CHAPTER 1 DIODE CIRCUITS Resistance levels Semiconductor act differently to DC and AC currents There are three types of resistances 1. DC or static resistance The application of DC voltage to a circuit

More information

WINTER 14 EXAMINATION. Model Answer. 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the

WINTER 14 EXAMINATION. Model Answer. 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the WINTER 14 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 17213 Model Answer Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2)

More information

Summer 2015 Examination. 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.

Summer 2015 Examination. 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. Summer 2015 Examination Subject Code: 17215 Model Answer Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.

More information

Module 04.(B1) Electronic Fundamentals

Module 04.(B1) Electronic Fundamentals 1.1a. Semiconductors - Diodes. Module 04.(B1) Electronic Fundamentals Question Number. 1. What gives the colour of an LED?. Option A. The active element. Option B. The plastic it is encased in. Option

More information

Electro - Principles I

Electro - Principles I The PN Junction Diode Introduction to the PN Junction Diode Note: In this chapter we consider conventional current flow. Page 11-1 The schematic symbol for the pn junction diode the shown in Figure 1.

More information

Electronic Circuits I. Instructor: Dr. Alaa Mahmoud

Electronic Circuits I. Instructor: Dr. Alaa Mahmoud Electronic Circuits I Instructor: Dr. Alaa Mahmoud alaa_y_emam@hotmail.com Chapter 27 Diode and diode application Outline: Semiconductor Materials The P-N Junction Diode Biasing P-N Junction Volt-Ampere

More information

Diodes and Applications

Diodes and Applications Diodes and Applications Diodes and Applications 2 1 Diode Operation 2 2 Voltage-Current (V-I) Characteristics 2 3 Diode Models 2 4 Half-Wave Rectifiers 2 5 Full-Wave Rectifiers 2 6 Power Supply Filters

More information

Electronics I. Midterm #1

Electronics I. Midterm #1 The University of Toledo s6ms_elct7.fm - Electronics I Midterm # Problems Points. 4 2. 5 3. 6 Total 5 Was the exam fair? yes no The University of Toledo s6ms_elct7.fm - 2 Problem 4 points For full credit,

More information

WINTER 14 EXAMINATION. Model Answer. Subject Code: ) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the

WINTER 14 EXAMINATION. Model Answer. Subject Code: ) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the Subject Code: 17215 WINTER 14 EXAMINATION Model Answer Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2)

More information

EE/COE 152: Basic Electronics. Lecture 3. A.S Agbemenu. https://sites.google.com/site/agbemenu/courses/ee-coe-152

EE/COE 152: Basic Electronics. Lecture 3. A.S Agbemenu. https://sites.google.com/site/agbemenu/courses/ee-coe-152 EE/COE 152: Basic Electronics Lecture 3 A.S Agbemenu https://sites.google.com/site/agbemenu/courses/ee-coe-152 Books: Microelcetronic Circuit Design (Jaeger/Blalock) Microelectronic Circuits (Sedra/Smith)

More information

3.4. Reverse Breakdown Region Zener Diodes In the breakdown region Very steep i-v curve Almost constant voltage drop Used for voltage regulator

3.4. Reverse Breakdown Region Zener Diodes In the breakdown region Very steep i-v curve Almost constant voltage drop Used for voltage regulator 3.4. Reverse Breakdown Region Zener Diodes In the breakdown region Very steep i-v curve Almost constant voltage drop Used for voltage regulator Voltage regulator Provide a constant dc output voltage If

More information

Part II. Devices Diode, BJT, MOSFETs

Part II. Devices Diode, BJT, MOSFETs Part II Devices Diode, BJT, MOSFETs 49 4 Semiconductor Semiconductor The number of charge carriers available to conduct current 1 is between that of conductors and that of insulators. Semiconductor is

More information

Diode Bridges. Book page

Diode Bridges. Book page Diode Bridges Book page 450-454 Rectification The process of converting an ac supply into dc is called rectification The device that carries this out is called a rectifier Half wave rectifier only half

More information

Exam Model Answer. Question 1 (15 marks) Answer this question in the form of table. Choose the correct answer (only one answer is accepted).

Exam Model Answer. Question 1 (15 marks) Answer this question in the form of table. Choose the correct answer (only one answer is accepted). Benha University Faculty of Engineering Shoubra Electrical Engineering Department First Year Communications. Answer all the following questions Illustrate your answers with sketches when necessary. The

More information

Lecture 2 p-n junction Diode characteristics. By Asst. Prof Dr. Jassim K. Hmood

Lecture 2 p-n junction Diode characteristics. By Asst. Prof Dr. Jassim K. Hmood Electronic I Lecture 2 p-n junction Diode characteristics By Asst. Prof Dr. Jassim K. Hmood THE p-n JUNCTION DIODE The pn junction diode is formed by fabrication of a p-type semiconductor region in intimate

More information

Table of Contents. iii

Table of Contents. iii Table of Contents Subject Page Experiment 1: Diode Characteristics... 1 Experiment 2: Rectifier Circuits... 7 Experiment 3: Clipping and Clamping Circuits 17 Experiment 4: The Zener Diode 25 Experiment

More information

EXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE

EXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE EXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE Component List Resistors, one of each o 1 10 10W o 1 1k o 1 10k 4 1N4004 (I max = 1A, PIV = 400V) Diodes Center tap transformer (35.6V pp, 12.6 V RMS ) 100 F Electrolytic Capacitor

More information

EXPERIMENT 10: SCHOTTKY DIODE CHARACTERISTICS

EXPERIMENT 10: SCHOTTKY DIODE CHARACTERISTICS EXPERIMENT 10: SCHOTTKY DIODE CHARACTERISTICS AIM: To plot forward and reverse characteristics of Schottky diode (Metal Semiconductor junction) APPARATUS: D.C. Supply (0 15 V), current limiting resistor

More information

Electronics I. Midterm #1

Electronics I. Midterm #1 The University of Toledo Section f6ms_elct7.fm - Electronics I Midterm # Problems Points. 4 2. 5 3. 6 Total 5 Was the exam fair? yes no The University of Toledo f6ms_elct7.fm - 2 Problem 4 points For full

More information

Circle the one best answer for each question. Five points per question.

Circle the one best answer for each question. Five points per question. ID # NAME EE-255 EXAM 1 September 11, 2001 Instructor (circle one) Talavage Gray This exam consists of 16 multiple choice questions and one workout problem. Record all answers to the multiple choice questions

More information

UNIT VIII-SPECIAL PURPOSE ELECTRONIC DEVICES. 1. Explain tunnel Diode operation with the help of energy band diagrams.

UNIT VIII-SPECIAL PURPOSE ELECTRONIC DEVICES. 1. Explain tunnel Diode operation with the help of energy band diagrams. UNIT III-SPECIAL PURPOSE ELECTRONIC DEICES 1. Explain tunnel Diode operation with the help of energy band diagrams. TUNNEL DIODE: A tunnel diode or Esaki diode is a type of semiconductor diode which is

More information

EDC Lecture Notes UNIT-1

EDC Lecture Notes UNIT-1 P-N Junction Diode EDC Lecture Notes Diode: A pure silicon crystal or germanium crystal is known as an intrinsic semiconductor. There are not enough free electrons and holes in an intrinsic semi-conductor

More information

Examples to Power Supply

Examples to Power Supply Examples to Power Supply Example-1: A center-tapped full-wave rectifier connected to a transformer whose each secondary coil has a r.m.s. voltage of 1 V. Assume the internal resistances of the diode and

More information

R. W. Erickson. Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder

R. W. Erickson. Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder R. W. Erickson Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder pn junction! Junction diode consisting of! p-doped silicon! n-doped silicon! A p-n junction where

More information

Electrical and Electronic Laboratory Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University. Semiconductor Diode (SD)

Electrical and Electronic Laboratory Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University. Semiconductor Diode (SD) 2141274 Electrical and Electronic Laboratory Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Semiconductor Diode (SD) Contents A. Introduction 1. History 2. Thermionic or gaseous state diodes 3. Semiconductor

More information

Zener Diodes. Specifying and modeling the zener diode. - Diodes operating in the breakdown region can be used in the design of voltage regulators.

Zener Diodes. Specifying and modeling the zener diode. - Diodes operating in the breakdown region can be used in the design of voltage regulators. Zener Diodes - Diodes operating in the breakdown region can be used in the design of voltage regulators. Specifying and modeling the zener diode Dynamic resistance, r Z a few ohms to a few tens of ohms

More information

Lecture 3: Diodes. Amplitude Modulation. Diode Detection.

Lecture 3: Diodes. Amplitude Modulation. Diode Detection. Whites, EE 322 Lecture 3 Page 1 of 10 Lecture 3: Diodes. Amplitude Modulation. Diode Detection. Diodes are the fourth basic discrete component listed in Lecture 2. These and transistors are both nonlinear

More information

Diode Limiters or Clipper Circuits

Diode Limiters or Clipper Circuits Diode Limiters or Clipper Circuits Circuits which are used to clip off portions of signal voltages above or below certain levels are called limiters or clippers. Types of Clippers Positive Clipper Negative

More information

CHAPTER 8 The PN Junction Diode

CHAPTER 8 The PN Junction Diode CHAPTER 8 The PN Junction Diode Consider the process by which the potential barrier of a PN junction is lowered when a forward bias voltage is applied, so holes and electrons can flow across the junction

More information

Introduction to Solid State Electronics

Introduction to Solid State Electronics Introduction to Solid State Electronics Semiconductors: These are the materials, which do not have free electrons to support the flow of electrical current through them at room temperature. However, valence

More information

1. An engineer measures the (step response) rise time of an amplifier as. Estimate the 3-dB bandwidth of the amplifier. (2 points)

1. An engineer measures the (step response) rise time of an amplifier as. Estimate the 3-dB bandwidth of the amplifier. (2 points) Exam 1 Name: Score /60 Question 1 Short Takes 1 point each unless noted otherwise. 1. An engineer measures the (step response) rise time of an amplifier as. Estimate the 3-dB bandwidth of the amplifier.

More information

Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica. Analogue Electronics. Paolo Colantonio A.A.

Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica. Analogue Electronics. Paolo Colantonio A.A. Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica Analogue Electronics Paolo Colantonio A.A. 2015-16 Introduction: materials Conductors e.g. copper or aluminum have a cloud

More information

Electron Devices and Circuits (EC 8353)

Electron Devices and Circuits (EC 8353) Electron Devices and Circuits (EC 8353) Prepared by Ms.S.KARKUZHALI, A.P/EEE Diodes The diode is a 2-terminal device. A diode ideally conducts in only one direction. Diode Characteristics Conduction Region

More information

BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Objective Questions UNIT 1: DIODES AND CIRCUITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The process by which impurities are added to a pure semiconductor is A. Diffusing B. Drift C. Doping

More information

R a) Draw and explain VI characteristics of Si & Ge diode. (8M) b) Explain the operation of SCR & its characteristics (8M)

R a) Draw and explain VI characteristics of Si & Ge diode. (8M) b) Explain the operation of SCR & its characteristics (8M) SET - 1 1. a) Define i) transient capacitance ii) Diffusion capacitance (4M) b) Explain Fermi level in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor (4M) c) Derive the expression for ripple factor of Half wave

More information

Chapter 3 SPECIAL PURPOSE DIODE

Chapter 3 SPECIAL PURPOSE DIODE Chapter 3 SPECIAL PURPOSE DIODE 1 Inventor of Zener Diode Clarence Melvin Zener was a professor at Carnegie Mellon University in the department of Physics. He developed the Zener Diode in 1950 and employed

More information

Unless otherwise specified, assume room temperature (T = 300 K).

Unless otherwise specified, assume room temperature (T = 300 K). ECE 3040 Dr. Doolittle Homework 4 Unless otherwise specified, assume room temperature (T = 300 K). 1) Purpose: Understanding p-n junction band diagrams. Consider a p-n junction with N A = 5x10 14 cm -3

More information

Shankersinh Vaghela Bapu Institute of Technology INDEX

Shankersinh Vaghela Bapu Institute of Technology INDEX Shankersinh Vaghela Bapu Institute of Technology Diploma EE Semester III 3330905: ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS INDEX Sr. No. Title Page Date Sign Grade 1 Obtain I-V characteristic of Diode. 2 To

More information

3. Diode, Rectifiers, and Power Supplies

3. Diode, Rectifiers, and Power Supplies 3. Diode, Rectifiers, and Power Supplies Semiconductor diodes are active devices which are extremely important for various electrical and electronic circuits. Diodes are active non-linear circuit elements

More information

Physics 160 Lecture 5. R. Johnson April 13, 2015

Physics 160 Lecture 5. R. Johnson April 13, 2015 Physics 160 Lecture 5 R. Johnson April 13, 2015 Half Wave Diode Rectifiers Full Wave April 13, 2015 Physics 160 2 Note that there is no ground connection on this side of the rectifier! Output Smoothing

More information

CHAPTER 8 The PN Junction Diode

CHAPTER 8 The PN Junction Diode CHAPTER 8 The PN Junction Diode Consider the process by which the potential barrier of a PN junction is lowered when a forward bias voltage is applied, so holes and electrons can flow across the junction

More information

Figure 1 Diode schematic symbol (left) and physical representation (right)

Figure 1 Diode schematic symbol (left) and physical representation (right) Page 1/7 Revision 1 20-Jul-10 OBJECTIVES To reinforce the concepts behind diode circuit analysis Verification of diode theory and operation To understand certain diode applications, such as rectification

More information

Lecture 9: Limiting and Clamping Diode Circuits. Voltage Doubler. Special Diode Types.

Lecture 9: Limiting and Clamping Diode Circuits. Voltage Doubler. Special Diode Types. Whites, EE 320 Lecture 9 Page 1 of 8 Lecture 9: Limiting and Clamping Diode Circuits. Voltage Doubler. Special Diode Types. We ll finish up our discussion of diodes in this lecture by consider a few more

More information

Term Roadmap : Materials Types 1. INSULATORS

Term Roadmap : Materials Types 1. INSULATORS Term Roadmap : Introduction to Signal Processing Differentiating and Integrating Circuits (OpAmps) Clipping and Clamping Circuits(Diodes) Design of analog filters Sinusoidal Oscillators Multivibrators

More information

Paper-1 (Circuit Analysis) UNIT-I

Paper-1 (Circuit Analysis) UNIT-I Paper-1 (Circuit Analysis) UNIT-I AC Fundamentals & Kirchhoff s Current and Voltage Laws 1. Explain how a sinusoidal signal can be generated and give the significance of each term in the equation? 2. Define

More information

Electronics I. Midterm #1

Electronics I. Midterm #1 The University of Toledo Section s7ms_elct7.fm - Electronics I Midterm # Problems Points. 4 2. 5 3. 6 Total 5 Was the exam fair? yes no The University of Toledo s7ms_elct7.fm - 2 Problem 4 points For full

More information

Clippers limiter circuits Vi > V Vi < V

Clippers limiter circuits Vi > V Vi < V Semiconductor Diode Clipper and Clamper Circuits Clippers Clipper circuits, also called limiter circuits, are used to eliminate portion of a signal that are above or below a specified level clip value.

More information

Mechatronics Chapter 3-1 Semiconductor devices Diode

Mechatronics Chapter 3-1 Semiconductor devices Diode MEMS1082 Mechatronics Chapter 3-1 Semiconductor devices Diode Semiconductor: Si Semiconductor N-type and P-type Semiconductors There are two types of impurities: N-type - In N-type doping, phosphorus or

More information

SYED AMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SYED AMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE SYED AMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Approved by the AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Tamilnadu and Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai) Established in 1998 - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution Dr. E.M.Abdullah

More information

2 MARKS EE2203 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS UNIT 1

2 MARKS EE2203 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS UNIT 1 2 MARKS EE2203 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS UNIT 1 1. Define PN junction. When a p type semiconductor is joined to a N type semiconductor the contact surface is called PN junction. 2. What is an ideal

More information

Physics 15b, Lab 3: The Capacitor... and a glimpse of Diodes

Physics 15b, Lab 3: The Capacitor... and a glimpse of Diodes Phys 15b: Lab 3, Sprng 2007 1 Due Friday, March 23, 2007. Physics 15b, Lab 3: The Capacitor... and a glimpse of Diodes REV0 1 ; March 14, 2007 NOTE that this is the first of the labs that you are invited

More information

Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Madras

Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Madras Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Madras Sample Questions on Semiconductor Devices EE3 applicants who are interested to pursue their research in microelectronics devices area (fabrication and/or

More information

Radio Frequency Electronics

Radio Frequency Electronics Radio Frequency Electronics Active Components II Harry Nyquist Born in 1889 in Sweden Received B.S. and M.S. from U. North Dakota Received Ph.D. from Yale Worked and Bell Laboratories for all of his career

More information

SUMMER 14 EXAMINATION Model Answer. Subject Code: Page No: 1/

SUMMER 14 EXAMINATION Model Answer. Subject Code: Page No: 1/ SUMMER 14 EXAMINATION Model Answer Subject Code: 17215 Page No: 1/ Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer

More information

EE70 - Intro. Electronics

EE70 - Intro. Electronics EE70 - Intro. Electronics Course website: ~/classes/ee70/fall05 Today s class agenda (November 28, 2005) review Serial/parallel resonant circuits Diode Field Effect Transistor (FET) f 0 = Qs = Qs = 1 2π

More information

SUMMER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: / N

SUMMER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: / N Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate

More information

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified) Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: 1/

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified) Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: 1/ MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC 27001 2005 Certified) SUMMER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 12025 Model Answer Page No: 1/ Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The

More information

EXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE

EXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE EXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE Equipment List Dual Channel Oscilloscope R, 330, 1k, 10k resistors P, Tri-Power Supply V, 2x Multimeters D, 4x 1N4004: I max = 1A, PIV = 400V Silicon Diode P 2 35.6V pp (12.6 V

More information

Semiconductor theory predicts that the current through a diode is given by

Semiconductor theory predicts that the current through a diode is given by 3 DIODES 3 Diodes A diode is perhaps the simplest non-linear circuit element. To first order, it acts as a one-way valve. It is important, however, for a wide variety of applications, and will also form

More information

LABORATORY 8 DIODE CIRCUITS

LABORATORY 8 DIODE CIRCUITS LABORATORY 8 DIODE CIRCUITS A solid state diode consists of a junction of either dissimilar semiconductors (pn junction diode) or a metal and a semiconductor (Schottky barrier diode). Regardless of the

More information

f14m1s_elct7.fm - 1 The University of Toledo EECS:3400 Electronocs I Electronics I Problems Points Total 15 Was the exam fair?

f14m1s_elct7.fm - 1 The University of Toledo EECS:3400 Electronocs I Electronics I Problems Points Total 15 Was the exam fair? f4ms_elct7.fm - Electronics I Midterm I Examination Problems Points. 4 2. 5 3. 6 Total 5 Was the exam fair? yes no f4ms_elct7.fm - 2 Problem 4 points For full credit, mark your answers yes, no, or not

More information

Class XII - Physics Semiconductor Electronics. Chapter-wise Problems

Class XII - Physics Semiconductor Electronics. Chapter-wise Problems lass X - Physics Semiconductor Electronics Materials, Device and Simple ircuit hapter-wise Problems Multiple hoice Question :- 14.1 The conductivity of a semiconductor increases with increase in temperature

More information

3A.1. Lecture 3A Semiconductors. Semiconductor Structure

3A.1. Lecture 3A Semiconductors. Semiconductor Structure 3A.1 Lecture 3A Semiconductors Semiconductor structure. ptype semiconductor. ntype semiconductor. The pn junction. The pn junction characteristic (diode vi characteristic). Diode models. The Halleffect

More information

Diodes Rectifiers, Zener diodes light emitting diodes, laser diodes photodiodes, optocouplers

Diodes Rectifiers, Zener diodes light emitting diodes, laser diodes photodiodes, optocouplers Diodes Rectifiers, Zener diodes light emitting diodes, laser diodes photodiodes, optocouplers Prepared by Scott Robertson Fall 2007 Physics 3330 1 Impurity-doped semiconductors Semiconductors (Ge, Si)

More information

Sheet 2 Diodes. ECE335: Electronic Engineering Fall Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering. Problem (1) Draw the

Sheet 2 Diodes. ECE335: Electronic Engineering Fall Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering. Problem (1) Draw the Ain Shams University Faculty of Engineering ECE335: Electronic Engineering Fall 2014 Sheet 2 Diodes Problem (1) Draw the i) Charge density distribution, ii) Electric field distribution iii) Potential distribution,

More information

PAST EXAM PAPER & MEMO N3 ABOUT THE QUESTION PAPERS:

PAST EXAM PAPER & MEMO N3 ABOUT THE QUESTION PAPERS: EKURHULENI TECH COLLEGE. No. 3 Mogale Square, Krugersdorp. Website: www. ekurhulenitech.co.za Email: info@ekurhulenitech.co.za TEL: 011 040 7343 CELL: 073 770 3028/060 715 4529 PAST EXAM PAPER & MEMO N3

More information

FINALTERM EXAMINATION. Spring PHY301- Circuit Theory

FINALTERM EXAMINATION. Spring PHY301- Circuit Theory Date 14/2/2013 Eini FINALTERM EXAMINATION Spring 2010 PHY301- Circuit Theory Time: 90 min Marks: 60 Question No: 1 If we connect 3 capacitors in parallel, the combined effect of all these capacitors will

More information

EXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE

EXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE EXPERIMENT 5 : THE DIODE Component List Resistors, one of each o 1 10 10W o 1 1k o 1 10k 4 1N4004 (Imax = 1A, PIV = 400V) Diodes Center tap transformer (35.6Vpp, 12.6 VRMS) 100 F Electrolytic Capacitor

More information

Basic Electronics Important questions

Basic Electronics Important questions Basic Electronics Important questions B.E-2/4 Mech- B Faculty: P.Lakshmi Prasanna Note: Read the questions in the following order i. Assignment questions ii. Class test iii. Expected questions iv. Tutorials

More information

Semiconductor Materials and Diodes

Semiconductor Materials and Diodes C C H H A A P P T T E E R R 1 Semiconductor Materials and Diodes 1.0 1.0 PREVIEW PREVIEW This text deals with the analysis and design of circuits containing electronic devices, such as diodes and transistors.

More information

Homework Assignment 02

Homework Assignment 02 Question 1 (2 points each unless noted otherwise) 1. Is the following circuit an STC circuit? Homework Assignment 02 (a) Yes (b) No (c) Need additional information Answer: There is one reactive element

More information

Page 1. Date 15/02/2013

Page 1. Date 15/02/2013 Page 1 Date 15/02/2013 Final Term Examination Fall 2012 Phy301-Circuit Theory 1. State kirchhoff s current law (KCL) Marks: 2: Answer: (PAGE 42) KIRCHHOF S CURRENT LAW Sum of all the currents entering

More information

Circuit operation Let s look at the operation of this single diode rectifier when connected across an alternating voltage source v s.

Circuit operation Let s look at the operation of this single diode rectifier when connected across an alternating voltage source v s. Diode Rectifier Circuits One of the important applications of a semiconductor diode is in rectification of AC signals to DC. Diodes are very commonly used for obtaining DC voltage supplies from the readily

More information

EC6202- ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS UNIT TEST-1 EXPECTED QUESTIONS

EC6202- ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS UNIT TEST-1 EXPECTED QUESTIONS EC6202- ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS UNIT TEST-1 EXPECTED QUESTIONS 1. List the PN diode parameters. 1. Bulk Resistance. 2. Static Resistance/Junction Resistance (or) DC Forward Resistance 3. Dynamic

More information

LAB IV. SILICON DIODE CHARACTERISTICS

LAB IV. SILICON DIODE CHARACTERISTICS LAB IV. SILICON DIODE CHARACTERISTICS 1. OBJECTIVE In this lab you will measure the I-V characteristics of the rectifier and Zener diodes, in both forward and reverse-bias mode, as well as learn what mechanisms

More information