High-Speed Serial Interface Circuits and Systems
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1 High-Speed Serial Interface Circuits and Systems Design Exercise3 LC VCO
2 LC VCO Structure LC Tank Spiral inductor (symmetric type) Ideal capacitor Varactor Accumulation varactor Cross coupled circuit Negative resistance To compensate for the loss of the tank Source MOSFET OSC frequency 1 f o 2 LC V outn 1Inductor simulation V cont 2Varactor simulation V outp V biasn 3Oscillator simulation 2
3 Design Example LC voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) - Supply voltage: 1.8V - Frequency tuning range: > 30-MHz - Oscillation frequency : 1.5-GHz - Phase 1-MHz offset with 1.5-GHz: < -125dBc 3
4 Inductor Model An equivalent circuit model of inductor Series connection of resistance and inductance Analyze inductance into using Z-parameter < Equivalent circuit of inductor > < Simulation schematic > 4
5 Inductor Inductor selection Tsmc18rf RF_Device Inductor ind_sym symbol Symmetric inductor selection 5
6 TSMC 180nm spiral inductor PDK Single-ended Symmetric Symmetric with a center tap Inductor PDK ind-_std ind_sym ind_sym_ct 6
7 Inductor Parameters Setting of frequency, inductor width, inner radius and number of turns. - Freq(Hz) : 1.5G - Inductor_Width (M) : 30u - Inner_Radius (M) : 90u - Number_Of_Turns : 4 Inductance : 5.54nH Q_factor :
8 Port for S-parameter Simulation Port Show Categories check analoglib Sources Ports port symbol 8
9 S-parameter Simulation Setup Simulation condition setting Analysis : sp (S-Parameter Analysis) Ports : Port0 (schematic node choice) Sweep Variable : Frequency Sweep Range : 100M ~ 4G Sweep Type : Logarithmic Number of Steps : 300 Enabled check OK Netlist and Run 100M 4G 9
10 Plotting Z-parameter Simulation condition setting Results Direct Plot Main Form Function : ZP Add To Outputs choice Modifier : Real Z11 and Imaginary Z11 OK 10
![Z-parameter Results Z = R + jωl Resistance = Real [Z11] Inductance = Imaginary [Z11] / ω Check the SRF(self resonance](/docs-images/76/74369871/images/11-0.jpg "frequency) < Equivalent circuit of inductor > Real [Z11] Resistance 5.87 @ 1.5GHz Imaginary [Z11]z Inductance 5.54nH @ 1.")
11 Z-parameter Results Z = R + jωl Resistance = Real [Z11] Inductance = Imaginary [Z11] / ω Check the SRF(self resonance frequency) < Equivalent circuit of inductor > Real [Z11] Resistance 1.5GHz Imaginary [Z11]z Inductance 1.5GHz 11
12 Q-factor In an ideal series RL circuit energy stroed L imag(z11) Q energy loss R rea(z11) Calculator (Visualization & Analysis XL) Wave choice imag(zp(1 1?result "sp")) /real(zp(1 1?result "sp")) Phase response imag(zp(1 1?result "sp")) /real(zp(1 1?result "sp")) 12
13 Q-factor simulation Inductor Q-factor : 1.50GHz Q-factor Results Q-factor 1.5GHz 13
14 Accumulation Mode Varactor On (Accumulation) C N sub Accumulation (C ox ) OFF (Depleted) Depletion V GS N sub 14
15 Oscillator with Varactor C Accumulation (C ox ) V cont Depletion V outn V outp Voutp V GS VDD V biasn Change average capacitance from control voltage. 15
16 Varactor Varactor selection Tsmc18rf Varactor Varactor_RF mos_var symbol 16
17 Varactor Modeling An equivalent circuit model of varactor Parallel connection of resistance and capacitance Analyze capacitance into using Y-parameter < Equivalent circuit of varactor > Vcontrol < Varactor structure > < Test schematic > 17
18 S - Parameter Simulation condition setting Analysis : sp (S-Parameter Analysis) Ports : Port0 (schematic node choice) Sweep Variable : Frequency Sweep Range : 100M ~ 40G Sweep Type : Logarithmic Number of Steps : 300 Enabled check OK Netlist and Run 18
19 Plotting Y- Parameter Simulation condition setting Results Direct Plot Main Form Function : YP Add To Outputs choice Modifier : Real Y11 and Imaginary Y11 OK 19
![Y- Parameter Y = 1/R + jωc Resistance = 1/ Real [Y11] Capacitance = Imaginary [Y11] / ω < Equivalent](/docs-images/76/74369871/images/20-0.jpg "circuit of varactor > Real [Y11] Resistance 107K @ 1.5GHz Imaginary [Y11] Capacitance 184pF @ 1.")
20 Y- Parameter Y = 1/R + jωc Resistance = 1/ Real [Y11] Capacitance = Imaginary [Y11] / ω < Equivalent circuit of varactor > Real [Y11] Resistance 1.5GHz Imaginary [Y11] Capacitance 1.5GHz 20
21 Capacitance Simulation condition setting C = ωc = Imag[Y11] ω ω Calculator (Visualization & Analysis XL) Wave choice imag(yp(1 1?result "sp")) /(2*pi*xval(yp(1 1?result "sp"))) imag(yp(1 1?result "sp")) /(2*pi*xval*(yp(1 1?result "sp"))) 21
22 Capacitance simulation Capacitance : 1.50GHz Capacitance Capacitance 1.5GHz 22
23 Capacitance Control voltage sweep Tools Parametric Analysis Voltage : -1.8V ~ 1.8V Calculator Family value 파형선택 (Capacitance) Plot 23
24 V SG VS Capacitance Capacitance Capacitance 243fF 151fF 1.45GHz 92fF V sg 24
25 Simulation LC VCO schematic Inductor : 5.42nH Capacitor : 1.5pF Input NMOS Length : 180n Total Width : 20u (finger :1) Source NMOS Length : 500n Total Width : 100u (finger :1) Varactor vdd : 1.8V biasn : 0.8V cont : 변수지정 (cont) Initial condition outp & outn :1.8V, 1.85V LC VCO Schematic 25
26 OSC Frequency (Vcont = 0V) Control Voltage 0V OSC frequency : 1.36GHz Transient simulation (100ns) Output 파형및 Frequency 측정 Vcont 0V 26
27 OSC Frequency (Vcont = 1.8V) Control Voltage 1.8V OSC frequency : 1.36GHz Transient simulation (100ns) Output 파형및 Frequency 측정 Vcont 1.8V 27
28 Phase Noise (PSS) PSS Periodic Steady-State simulation 50n Output node tstab : Oscillation 안정구간설정 vss 1.5G 10 28
29 Phase Noise (Pnoise) Pnoise Setup PSS first, then Pnoise 30 Output node vss Output : Voltage 설정 Output Node 설정 Input : none 1 1K 10M
30 Phase Noise Phase noise Calculator (Visualization & Analysis XL) Function Panel (phasenoise 입력 ) Harmonic Number : 1 Signal dataset : pss_fd Noise dataset : pnoise Apply 30
31 Phase noise V cont = 1.48V 1.5GHz, 1MHz Phase Noise 1.5GHz, 1MHz 31
32 Homework Design 2-GHz (±100MHz) LC VCO with tuning range larger than 100MHz Verify and plot output waveforms and K VCO. Verify and plot phase noise with control voltage generating 2-GHz clock. Indicate LC VCO schematic, inductor and capacitor value, and using varactor count in the report. LC VCO specification -Supply voltage : 1.8V -Load capacitance: 1.5 pf -Phase noise : Min -115dBc/Hz -Frequency tuning range : Min 100MHz Due: 25 Sep. in class (Hardcopy) 32
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