The Future of GNSS-RO for Global Weather Monitoring and Prediction A COSMIC-2 / FORMOSAT-7 Program Status Update

Transcription

1 The Future of GNSS-RO for Global Weather Monitoring and Prediction A COSMIC-2 / FORMOSAT-7 Program Status Update Kendra Cook Lead NOAA Systems Engineer C 2 International, LLC 2 October 2014

2 Co-Authors: Peter Wilczynski (NOAA) Mike Wenkel (NOAA) Chen-Joe Fong (NSPO) Vicky Chu (NSPO) 2

3 Background COSMIC / FORMOSAT-3 Joint US/TW demonstration mission launched in micro-satellites Operated by NSPO Experimental mission to demonstrate the value of near real time GPS-RO data to global users Became first operational GPS-RO mission for global weather forecasting and climate monitoring The data have also been valuable for atmospheric, ionospheric, and geodetic research Over 1,600 users in 57 countries Reached end of design life in 2009 and observing capability is degrading Satellite-based receivers intercept GPS signals and infer the deviations in each signal s straight-line path caused by temperature and moisture gradients.

4 COSMIC-2 Mission Overview Follow-on to current COSMIC-1 satellite constellation Design concept meets L1RD requirements System will provide 8,000+ worldwide soundings per day All weather, uniform coverage over oceans and land 12 Satellite Constellation is planned Planned 2 launches in different inclinations 6 satellites to 24 degree orbit carries USAF secondary payloads 6 satellites to 72 degrees orbit carries Taiwan secondary payloads Planned to launch in FY16 and FY18 COSMIC-2 is now an officially NOAA funded program in FY14

5 Program Objectives and Goals Primary objectives: To increase the number of RO measurements and to transition into a global, reliable, system supporting both atmospheric research and operational weather prediction Program Goals: To continuously and more uniformly collect tropospheric and ionospheric data as inputs to daily near-real-time weather forecasts, climate studies, and space weather research COSMIC-2 will meet its goals and objectives by intercepting signals from not only the U.S. GPS, but also the European navigation satellite system GALILEO, and the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS)

6 Satellite Constellation and Configuration First launch (2016) of 6 satellites to 24 deg Second launch (2018) of 6 satellites to 72 deg Both launches -> parking orbit, deployment period of 15 months for 6 satellites to reach operational orbit Design life of 5 years from FOC (2019) C-2 will produce more than 8,000 soundings per day at FOC, compared to ~2,000 soundings produced by COSMIC

7 Mission Baseline Mission Constellation First Launch Second Launch 6 satellites 6 satellites with one NSPO built satellite [TBR] Mission Orbit Inclination 24 deg Parking altitude 720 km, Mission altitude 520~550 km Circular orbit Inclination 72 deg Parking altitude 520 km, Mission altitude 720~ 750 km Circular orbit Mission Payload Tri-band GNSS Receiver System (TGRS) Tri-band GNSS Receiver System (TGRS) Science Payloads Radio Frequency Beacon instrument Ion Velocity Meter (IVM) instrument Taiwan-furnished payload Launcher Falcon Heavy (rideshare) ESPA Grande Ring Falcon-9, Falcon Heavy, or EELV (rideshare) Launch schedule 2016 Q (Q2/Q3, TBR) Data Collection Maximum Daily Average Data Latency Communication Architecture Ground Station Average 8,000 useful tropospheric data collections per day 45 minutes neutral atmospheric data, 30 minutes ionospheric data S-FTP Multicast via VPN Internet There shall be sufficient ground stations to meet the data latency requirement Data Processing Centers US-DPC (UCAR) and Taiwan-DPC

8 Responsibilities NOAA Acquisition and management of the mission payload Overall management of the data analysis, application, and distribution segment Acquisition and management of the launch vehicle system Arrangement for and oversight of the remote ground receiving stations Acquisition and management of the scientific payloads for first six satellites Acquisition and management of the data processing center in the U.S. Taiwan Acquisition, management, and deployment of satellites constellation Development and management of mission operation Modification and operations of Satellite Operations Command and Control (SOCC) station and Taiwan s TT&C station Acquisition and management of Taiwan data processing center Acquisition and management of the scientific payloads for second six satellites

9 System Architecture GALILEO GLONASS-FDMA GPS High-inc Low-inc FORMOSAT-7/ COSMIC-2 TT&C stations (overseas) TT&C stations (Taiwan) Fiducial Network US DPC Taiwan DPC Launches Satellite Operations and Control Center Users Researchers

10 Payload Development Status All first flight units for TGRS, IVM, and RF Beacon were delivered to SSTL and successfully powered through the spacecraft TGRS Software updates enabling loads through spacecraft Units #2-4 completed and in storage Completion of development, I&T, and software efforts for #2-6 through UCAR JPL contract TGRS Pre-Ship Review (PSR) for #2-6 will occur Oct/Nov

11 NATI O NAL O C EAN I C AN D ATM O S PH E R I C AD M I N I STRATI O N Payload Development Status IVM All parts are in inventory Unit #5 integrated and ready for test Test Readiness Review (TRR) was held on 17 Sept Delivery of units #2-6 expected 15 Jan 2015 RF Beacon Completed Beacon Electronics Unit (BEU) / Antenna Unit (AU) combined checkout Completion of development and I&T efforts for #2-6 through UCAR - SRI contract Delivery of RF Beacon Unit #2 expected March

12 Satellite Design COSMIC-2 satellite designed by NSPO s spacecraft contractor, Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL) The satellite is a simple box shape based on SSTL-150 bus platform heritage design, and will be launched in a group with horizontal mounting This configuration allows a more conventional design to be accommodated, without the need for extensive mass optimization and miniaturization The avionics features a largely dual redundant configuration The satellite bus provides structure, RF power, electrical power, thermal control, attitude control, orbit raising, and data support to the instrument Satellite Bus Key Design Features Dimensions (stowed) 1000 x 1250 x 1250 mm Launch Mass (wet) kg Total Power Peak / OAP (orbit average) Battery Capacity > 22.5A-hr Attitude 3-axis Knowledge <0.07deg (3-sigma) Control <1deg (3-sigma) Propulsion Hydrazine monoprop ~141 m/s Communications S-band TM/TC, 32kbps uplink, up to 2Mbps downlink Navigation GPS Design Life 5 years, >66% Availability >95% Launch compatibility EELV (ESPA Grande Adaptor) Payload support >2Gbits data storage 39.4kg mass, 95W OAP Design Features þ dual redundant avionics þ Batch launch compatible þ Constellation compatible Courtesy of SSTL

13 Spacecraft external layout viewed from the +x direction Courtesy of SSTL 13

14 Satellite Development Status The first satellite has been assembled and now is undergoing thermal vacuum test Photo courtesy of SSTL 14

15 Ground System Architecture With FY14 funding, NOAA is creating an initial ground architecture leveraging domestic and international partnerships Working with USAF to determine if existing Mark IVB sites can be utilized to support the COSMIC-2 mission USAF and NOAA working together to determine technical implementation and costs associated with implementation International ground site collaboration Taiwan ground site will be primary commanding Options for use of Australia s (BOM) site infrastructure at Darwin still in discussion In cooperation with Brazil, their space agency (INPE) has procured a COSMIC-2 compatible antenna that will become part of the COSMIC-2 ground architecture Parameter Antenna Size Minimum Receive G/T Downlink band Data Type Downlink Data Rate Downlink Volume Communication Uplink Band Uplink Data Rate Value 3.2 meters (provides ~6 db margin at 10 Deg elevation) 13dB/K S-band CCSDS-2 2 Mbps, 32 Kbps <60 Mbytes/Orbit >1MB/s sftp Multicast Out S-Band 32 Kbps

16 COSMIC- 2 Equatorial Ground Sta5ons (Planned) Ground Station Location Partner / Sponsor Level of Commitment Notes Taiwan NSPO 100% Uses existing Capability Cuiaba, Brazil INPE 100% INPE awarded contract for GS in Jan 2014, MOU with NOAA in final Coordination Darwin, Australia BoM 60% BoM and GeoScience Australia discussing path forward to provide dedicated support Mark IV-B Hawaii USAF 55% Working with USAF to establish compatibility with COSMIC-2 downlink Mark IV-B Guam USAF 55% Working with USAF to establish compatibility with COSMIC-2 downlink Mark IV-B Honduras USAF 55% Working with USAF to establish compatibility with COSMIC-2 downlink North Africa* DLR 10% DRL looking into providing a dedicated ground station in North Africa Mauritius* (TBD) Commercial Service 0% Subject of a FY15 solicitation for Data Services from commercial providers *Note: If DLR cannot provide a site, then that site would be included in the Commercial Data Services contract 16

17 Data Processing Status NOAA provided FY14 funds to UCAR in August 2014 to begin CDAAC upgrades COSMIC-2 development hardware procured/installed and running beta CDAAC-2 COSMIC-2 operational Ground-IO hardware purchased UCAR developed software to acquire and manage GNSS streaming data sources Have examined data latency of entire process should meet 5 minute dump requirement with NTRIP data streams and tuning of data processing software December 2014 planned CDAAC s/w delivery to TDPC May-Sept 2015 planned system I&T December 2015 planned CDAAC-2 Readiness Review 17

18 Launch Status USAF awarded a launch vehicle contract to SpaceX in January 2013, to launch COSMIC-2 on the STP-2 Mission Falcon Heavy launch vehicle SpaceX planning to hold Mission Design Review (MDR) MDR #2a is mission specific; scheduled for Oct MDR #2b will be launch vehicle centric plus any changes since MDR #2a; scheduled for Mar/Apr 2015 Falcon Heavy in development new features materializing Landing legs added Side cores same length as center core (were longer) Focus is on upcoming Falcon 9 flights/cert. 18

19 Program Status First Launch Program Preliminary Design Review (PDR) successfully complete December 2013 Program Critical Design Review (CDR) planned for February 2015 Second Launch NOAA and U.S. partner agencies need to determine if the U.S. can secure the funding to procure the remaining TGRS payloads for the second six COSMIC-2 satellites (~$15-20M) Decision must be made and agreed to at Executive Steering Committee (ESC) Meeting #6, 21 Nov 2014 in Taipei, Taiwan Rideshare options and commitments for the second launch vehicle can be considered later in the program 19

20 Conclusions COSMIC-2 is now an official NOAA program, which is great news for the U.S. COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 will be implemented to reduce the potential RO data gap and continue to serve the global meteorology community Significant efforts from U.S. and Taiwan sides have contributed to the joint mission, and the first launch of COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 in 2016 can be expected Funding for the second six payloads does not exist at this time, but the U.S. is committed to honoring our commitment under the AIT-TECRO Agreement and will do everything possible to fulfil our responsibilities for the 2 nd launch 20

21 Questions?