The Fourth FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Data Users Workshop, Oct. 2009, Boulder, Colorado, USA NSPO

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1 The Fourth FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Data Users Workshop, Oct. 2009, Boulder, Colorado, USA FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Follow-On Status at NSPO Nick Yen, Vicky Chu, Tie Yu, Joe Fong NSPO

2 Summary from OSSE Workshop Open Discussion Why Taiwan and US (NOAA) need FORMOSAT-3 / COSMIC Follow-On mission? Taiwan is surrounded by the ocean, lack of traditional sounding data over western Pacific Ocean, South China Sea, and Tibetan Plateau, impacting weather prediction over Taiwan and East Asia. It is very important to have data continuously collected over areas mentioned above. It is necessary to have more data for continuous improvement to the typhoon-mountain interactions modeling. The weather centers world-wide have made operational runs with F3/C data for 2~3 years. The data has shown quite significant positive impact. The F3/C observation also impacts other dataset in the model as well. F3/C constellation system has proven that it is a low-cost and cost-effective mission with uniform data distribution applicable for whole scales of weather prediction. F3/C RO payload is the only satellite/instrument system that does both the atmospheric and ionospheric measurement.

3 Summary from OSSE Workshop Open Discussion (Con d) What are the scientific justification for a follow-on mission? Weather Forecast (1 of 3) Moisture information from RO is helpful to improve the prediction on the genesis of typhoon. Although moisture information can be obtained by other measurement approach, but RO measurements have the advantage of low-bias and no need for calibration. The open loop technique makes RO provide water vapor information in the lower troposphere. Mesoscale weather prediction mainly uses the ground-based GPS observation. The F3/C data can improve the mesoscale weather prediction. To have better forecast capability, Follow-On mission can help to increase the data amount/distribution, however, the weather centers still need to improve their modeling and computing capabilities.

4 Summary from OSSE Workshop Open Discussion (Con d) What are the scientific justification for a follow-on mission? Space Weather (2 of 3) Related impact observations (communication, navigation, etc.) GPS RO data have shed new lights on interesting ionospheric features over the tropics (e.g., plasma caves, plasma depletion). The research applications of F3/C to ionosphere is just at its beginning stage. More new results will be forthcoming in the next decade. Large data amount in the ionosphere provided by F3/C stimulus the development of the ionospheric forecast models. The next solar maximum is expected during 2014 ~ Climate (3 of 3) A long data record to monitor climate change is required. The constellation shall be enabled to provide uniform coverage for diurnal cycle, which is important for climate trend.

5 Summary from OSSE Workshop Open Discussion (Con d) To perform OSSE and Follow-On mission in parallel Form a team to collaborate the OSSE tasks. Select one typhoon case and work together. Build a platform to share the OSSE case study results annually, as a minimum, in a designated session of the FORMOSAT- 3/COSMIC Data User Workshop. Requirements: number of soundings, data latency, RO data gap,,etc.. Shorter the data latency, more the benefits are to the terrestrial weather and space weather. To launch the first set of satellite ASAP to shorten the RO data gap. NOAA and NSPO are jointly working on the Level 1 Requirement Document (L1RD) and the Missions Requirements Document (MRD). All key requirements shall be considered.

6 Severe Tropical Storm KALMAEGI (2008) Flood in Taichung

7 Typhoon MORACOT ( ) Mud Slides Massive Land Slide Flood This document contains proprietary controlled information of National Space Organization (NSPO) of Taiwan and shall not be duplicated in whole or in part for any purpose without permission from NSPO. Massive Land Slide and caused Village Little Forest was devastated

8 FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Current Regional Data Points Distribution FM6 800 km FM2 800 km FM4 800 km FM3 711 km FM5 800 km FM1 800 km Latitude Longitude

9 Global RO Coverage Comparison 12 micro-satellites with Tri-G GNSS Receiver tracking three navigation systems: GPS, GALILEO, and GLONASS. 8 satellites on 72 o inclination, and 4 satellites on 24 o inclination, enhancing tropical observations. Will produce 14,000 soundings per day. Comparison of sounding distribution over three hour periods between FORMOSAT-3 and FORMOSAT-3 Follow On is shown. FORMOSAT-3 FO FORMOSAT-3 Courtesy of UCAR

10 Current Global Radio Occultation Data Distribution FORMOSAT-3 CHAMP GRACE 現有無線電掩星點數統計 Current Occultation Data ocess) ) Occultation 每月無線電掩 Point/M 掩星點數 Month (Post ( 後處理 Pr /6 2001/9 2001/ /3 2002/6 2002/9 2002/ /3 2003/6 2003/9 2003/ /3 2004/6 2004/9 2004/ /3 2005/6 2005/9 2005/ /3 2006/6 2006/9 2006/ /3 2007/6 2007/9 2007/ /3 2008/6 2008/9 2008/ /3 Year/Month

11 Future Radio Occultation Forecast Estimation Future Occultation Data Estimation Occultat tion Point/Mont h FORMOSAT-3 Others FORMOSAT-3 FORMOSAT-3 Follow-On year

12 Applications Priorities Weather Forecast (including severe weather forecast) Space Weather Monitoring (including ionospheric storms, irregularities) Climate Trending

13 Orbit Element Mission Products Bending Angle Profile Refractivity Profile Temperature Profile Water Vapor Profile Geopotential Height vs. Pressure Electron Density Profile Total Electron Content and More

14 Key Mission Requirements For Follow-On Data Number and Stability Number : per day Stability : better than [TBS] of average number FORMOSAT-3 Reference: points per day Data Distribution Geophysical homogeneously distributed Local time homogeneously distributed mid and low-latitude temporal/spatial distribution [TBS] Data Latency 30 to 45 minutes [TBR, heavily depending on the receiving station number geo location.] FORMOSAT-3 Reference: 86 % of data is within 3-hr latency.

15 Data Number Analysis No. of S/C RO PL Capability Occ. No. Per Day Eq. Area Covered (km x km) 6 GPS x GPS x GALILEO x GLONASS x GPS + GALILEO + GLONASS x 190

16 Da ata Dist tributio on Analy ysis (1/ /2) La atitude (deg) FORMOSAT-3 (GPS only) Max at 45~70 deg Min at 0~10 deg MaxMin ratio = 4 12 SC at 72-deg inclination (GPS+GALILEO+GLONASS) Max at 45~65 deg Min at 0~5 deg MaxMin ratio = SC at 72-deg inclination 6 SC at 24-deg inclination (GPS+GALILEO+GLONASS) Max at 0~25 deg Min at 40~45 deg & 70~85 deg MaxMin ratio = 1.9 FORMOSAT-3 Follow-On Case A Follow-On Case B Occultation # per 500 km square

17 Da ata Dist tributio on Analy ysis (2/ /2) 8 SC at 72-deg inclination 4 SC at 24-deg inclination (GPS+GALILEO+GLONASS) Max at 55~65 deg & 20~25 deg Min at 80~85 deg MaxMin ratio = 1.51 titude (deg) La SC at 72-deg inclination 8 SC at 24-deg inclination (GPS+GALILEO+GLONASS) Max at 5~15 deg Min at 40~45 deg & 70~85 deg MaxMin ratio = SC at 72-deg inclination 4 SC at 48-deg inclination 4SCat24-deg inclination (GPS+GALILEO+GLONASS) Max at 5~30 deg Min at 70~85 deg MaxMin ratio = 2.9 Follow-On Case C Follow-On Case D Follow-On Case E Occultation # per 500 km square

18 07/22/2009 Total Solar Eclipse Duration: FORMOSAT-2 Scheduled Image on 07/22/2009 FORMOSAT-3 7/17~7/27 11-Days Observation FORMOSAT-2 Image on 7/22/2009 FORMOSAT-3 RO Observation Temperature Comparison 取像規劃 Temperature difference between total solar eclipse duration and (7/12 to 8/1) The observed temperatures during the total solar eclipse duration near the region the lower layer of the stratosphere and the upper edge of troposphere(13~23 p ( km above sea level)seems ) to have unexpected stronger warming effect. Geophysics?

19 Potential Follow-on Constellation Constellation of 12 microsatellites 8 satellites to be launched at high inclination (~ 72 deg) and separated by 22.5 deg when complete constellation deployment. 4 more satellites to be launched at lowinclination-angle (~24 deg) and separated by 45 deg when complete constellation deployment.

20 Mission Architecture Glonass Galileo High-inc GPS Follow-On Low-inc TT&C stations (Taiwan) TT&C stations (overseas) Fiducial Network Data Processing Center Satellite Operations and Control Center Users Users

21 Planned Major Program Milestones Advanced Bus Design Advanced Advanced Payload Payload EM FM FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY FY FY FY FY 2014 FY 2014FY2015 FY2016 FDR 2009/12 SDR PDR CDR ITR ITR 1st PSR 2010/6 2010/ /9 2012/6 2013/7 2013/12 2nd PSR 2015/4 3rd PSR 2016/8 MDR/SRR 2010/3 1stLaunch 2014/3 2nd Launch 2015/8 3rd Launch 2016/12

22 Spacecraft Bus Item Follow-On Design FORMOSAT-3 Benefit weight ~ 60 kg 61 kg (w/ propellant) Stack or single launch Piggy-Back launch Attitude Performance 3-axis linear control Roll/Yaw:+/ deg(3σ) Pitch: +/- 0.2 deg (3σ) 3-axis gyro 3-axis magnetometer Sun Sensor x N Reaction Wheel x 3 Torque rod x 3 Star Tracker x 1 3-axis non-linear control Roll/Yaw: +/-5 5deg(1σ) Pitch: +/- 2 deg (1σ) Earth sensor x 2 Sun sensor x 8 Reaction Wheel x 1 Torque q rod x 3 Bus GPS receiver x 1 Improved attitude performance Improved maneuver performance Simplified operations Data Storage >1.5 G 128 M Increased data storage Simplified Operations Computer Architecture Centralized architecture Radiation hard Distributed architecture Integrated computing capability Reduced harness & mass Power Lithium battery Ni-H2 battery Reduce mass and volume Voltage based charge algorithm dm/dc charge algorithm Simplified operations Structure Aluminum Metal Matrix (AlBeMet) Reduced cost Payload Primary: GNSS RO payload Primary: GOX Modular design Interface Secondary payload x2 (optional) Secondary: TIP, TBB Reduced cost

23 Primary GNSS Payload Follow-On Design FORMOSAT-3 Benefit GNSS RO Payload Track GPS, GALILEO and GLONASS-CDMA signals Receive 14,400 raw data on average Ultra-stable oscillator Better gain/beam steering Better B capability for phase center, signal to noise ratio, and tracking Add a processor to science research Track GPS signal Receive 2000 data daily on average Commercial oscillator Phase array antenna Open loop tracking algorithm Better payload capability The RO data will increase as the GALILEO and GLONASS-CDMA are launched Better antenna gain Continue to use Open loop tracking algorithm for obtaining more RO data. Other science application

24 Follow-On Mission Main Objectives To increase the data distribution density Provide data points to improve forecast accuracy, to monitor the space weather, and perform the climate trending. To shorten the data latency 30 to 45 minutes [TBR, heavily depending on the receiving station number geo location.] To build up a reliable operational satellite constellation system Implement robust satellite design with robustness and redundancy. To expand & collaborate with international user community Build up a common program platform so that all interested user community can contribute and add to the mission. To provide academia research opportunities Explore atmosphere/ionosphere through qualified secondary scientific payloads.

25 2010 FORMOSAT-3 / COSMIC Workshop <among busy Follow-On mission programmatic activities> Time: October, 2010 Location: Taipei, Taiwan No Registration Fee Topics RO data impact study Forecasting and Data Assimulation Climate OSSE results Ionospere and Space Weather Future Missions

26 See you all at Taipei for 2010 Data User Workshop Thank You!