DESIGN OF A UWB ANTENNA ARRAY FOR KA BAND OPERATION

Transcription

1 DESIGN OF A UWB ANTENNA ARRAY FOR KA BAND OPERATION 1 Anuima Majumda, 2 Sisi Kuma Das, 3 Annapuna Das 1 Asst Pof, 2 Pof, 3 Pof 123 Depatment of Electonics & Communication Engineeing, 123 Guu Nanak Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India Abstact: An ulta wide band cicula ing patch antenna aay is investigated in this pape. The initial design was a single element annula ing patch antenna fed with micostip line on FR4 dielectic substate with 4.4 and thickness h=1.6 mm. Eigen value solution fo 28 GHz yields inne adius a=3.0 mm and oute adius b= 4.05 mm fo the patch. The single element shows a bandwidth of 37.2 % at 28.5 GHz with -21dB etun loss. The antenna with fou connected annula ings aay, fed with micostip line, shows enhanced bandwidth of % at 28 GHz with etun loss of db. The aay also shows multi fequency esponse. The designed antennae can be used in wieless communication(abstact). Index Tems: Annula ing antenna, aay antenna, ulta wide bandwidth antenna, wieless communication I. Intoduction Pinted antennas ae small size, light weight, easy to install and confomal in shape. They ae effectively used in wieless communications. One of the main dawbacks in micostip antenna is naow bandwidth. Theefoe seveal techniques ae used to incease the bandwidth. Waqas Faooq, et all [1] has epoted a novel weaable antenna opeating at 5 GHz whee a micostip patch is mounted on a gold base and weaable as a finge ing. By simulating it with CST Micowave studio it showed a good bandwidth of 90.3 MHz. Syed S. Jehangi and M. S. Shaawi [ 2] pesented a semi ing slot yagi like antenna opeating at 3.6 GHz. The measued bandwidth of the antenna is epoted to be 374 MHz and diectivity of 4.2 db. In ode to achieve highe gain, diectivity and high font to back atio (FBR), they have used a simple eflecto element and achieved highe FBR. Salai Thillai Thilagam.J, et all [3], have epoted an Octagonal shaped plana antenna which gave a bandwidth fom 2 GHz to 10 GHz ove wide multi esonant fequencies when simulated with Ansoft HFSS. A econfiguable single slot-ing antenna using 32 PIN diode switches is poposed by Mahmoud Shiazi, et all [ 4 ] which is able to switch between S and C bands. Hee the fist design of a single slot ing gave a factional bandwidth of 11.4% which was inceased significantly and enhanced to 28.2%. Djelloul Aissaoui et all [5 ] epoted a novel design of a factal antenna fo achievement of ulta Wide band esponse. In this pape five iteations ae applied on hexagonal-cut cicula antenna which is fed with a coplana waveguide (CPW) feed. The simulation esult showed a 8.6 GHz impedance bandwidth fo opeation anging fom 5.8 GHz to 14.4 GHz. Mohammad Shakawat Hossain,et all [6]pesented a method of geneation of wideband cicula polaization (CP) using a stacked patch-ing micostip antenna with a single pobe feed. The poposed antenna displayed an enhanced 3dB axial atio bandwidth of 8% and a simulated impedance bandwidth of 16%. Zhi Shen, et all [7] poposed a novel design of boadband adiation of the SIW cavity backed ing slot antenna. Expeimental analysis confimed an achievement of 12% bandwidth. Sauabh Dwivedi et all [8] epoted a design technique whee esonating fequency is educed by lengthening the excited suface cuent path without inceasing antenna length. Afte this an annula ing is intoduced in between the symmetical L-slotted patch and the esonance fequency is educed by 29.91% when edge-fed o micostip-line feed technique is used. The epoted bandwidth of the final antenna is 100 MHz at 2.46 GHz. Yuanyuan Zhang [9] has investigated a cente-fed cicula patch antenna with two coupled annula ings. They epoted that due to the pope coupling of the two annula ings a wide band fom 5.45 GHz to 7.16 GHz is achieved.in thei measued esult the epoted bandwidth is 27.1%. A compact ing shaped monopole antenna is poposed by Rahul Singha, D. Vakula and N V S N Sama [10] esulting in a impedance bandwidth fom 6.5 GHz to 25 GHz which coves the entie UWB. Ashish Singh, et all [11] caied out a theoetical analysis of a slots and notches loaded micostip patch antenna to achieve dual band opeations. The bandwidth of the poposed antenna at TM 01 mode is 3.42 %, at TM 02 mode it is 3.81 % and fo TM 03 mode it is 4.80 %. In this pape a micostip annula ing and its aay ae designed as shown in Fig.1. The annula ing is designed at 28 GHz fo the adiation mode of excitation TM 120.The antenna is fed with a 50 ohm micostip line. Then the numbe of elements is inceased to fou and placed at suitable locations to fom an aay. Powe is divided into the fou elements though 50 ohm lines of diffeent lengths. The design is chaacteised using Ansoft HFSS softwae tools fo amplitude and phase distibution of powe fo enhanced bandwidth and desied adiation patten. It is seen that the second configuation with fou ing aays gave inceased bandwidth and also multi fequency esponse. II. Simulation and Design of the Antenna Stuctue Fig 1. (a) A single element annula ings aay (b) A fou element annula ings aay JETIR Jounal of Emeging Technologies and Innovative Reseach (JETIR) 29

2 As shown in Fig.1 (a) a single element annula ing patch antenna is designed on FR4 dielectic substate having 4. 4 and thickness h=1.6 mm ove a gound plane. The ing is fed with a 50 ohm micostip line. The dimensions of the patch at 28 GHz ae obtained fom Eigen value equation [13, 14] fo TM 120 mode. J 2( ak) Y ( ak ) 2 J 2( bk) Y ( bk ) (1) 2 2 f Hee a is the inne adius and b is the oute adius of the ing, and k, c = speed of light in fee space = 3 X 10 8 m /sec. Afte c computation with MATLAB fo esonance at 28 GHz, the value of inne adius is 3.0 mm and oute adius is 4.06 mm. MATLAB simulation esult is shown in Fig.2. The length and width of the 50 Ω micostip feed line is L f = 23 mm and W f = 3 mm, espectively. Fig 2. MATLAB simulation esult fo calculation of oute and inne adius of the ing patch antenna fo fequency esponse at 28 GHz The pefomances of this element ae analyzed using Ansoft HFSS softwae tools. The S paamete vs. Fequency esponse of the single element is shown in Fig.3. It is seen that 37.2% band width is obtained fo -10 db etun loss. The antenna also shows multi-fequency esponse at 13 GHz, 15.5 GHz, 20 GHz, 26.2 GHz, 28 GHz, 33.5GHz, 40 GHz and 49GHz. Fig 3 : The S paamete vs. Fequency esponse of Antenna 1 with one single esonating element Using the same element size, the enhancement of band width is obtained fo an asymmetic aay of fou elements as shown in Fig.1 (b). The amplitudes and phase of excitations of all the elements ae adjusted using HFSS simulation and modelling to yield wide band width unde etun loss <-10 db as shown in Fig.4. The diffeent feed lengths ae L 1 =4.1 mm, L 2 =6.6 mm and L 3 =14mm, espectively and the main feed line is of length 23mm. It is seen that the antenna shows multi-fequency esponse at 13, 15, 16.5, 18.5, 20, 22.8, 25,28,32, 35, 38, and 41.5 GHz. With good impedance matching of S 11 <= -10 db, simulated bandwidth of > 57 % is achieved. JETIR Jounal of Emeging Technologies and Innovative Reseach (JETIR) 30

3 57.57 % at 28 Fig 4 : Simulated Retun Loss of the aay antenna with fou ing patches Radiation Chaacteistics The adiation chaacteistics of these antennas ae shown in Figs.5 and 6. All the stuctues show boad side adiation. Othe paametes of these antennas ae given in Table 1. A compaison of esonance fequencies obtained fom MATLAB computation and fom HFSS simulation is given in Table 2. Element numbe Opeating Fequency (GHz) Table I : Antenna pefomance paametes S 11 Bandwidth% Gain (db) Diectivity (db) (db) Efficiency 1 28 GHz % % 4 28 GHz % % Table 2 : Compaison between MATLAB and HFSS simulation esults Pimay esonance fequencies though Resonance peaks obtained though HFSS MATLAB computation simulation 28 GHz 13 GHz 38 GHz 15.5GHz 20 GHz 26.2 GHz 28 GHz 33.5 GHz 40 GHz 49 GHz Fig 5 The simulated Radiation Patten of the a) Antenna with single adiating element (b) Antenna with aay of 4 adiating element JETIR Jounal of Emeging Technologies and Innovative Reseach (JETIR) 31

4 (a) (b) Fig 6 The simulated Gain Patten of (a) Antenna with single adiating element b) Antenna with aay of 4 adiating elements Conclusion This pape descibed design of an ulta wide band cicula ing patch antenna aay using Ansoft HFSS simulation and modelling. A single element annula ing patch antenna is designed with micostip line feed on FR4 dielectic substate having 4. 4 and thickness h=1.6 mm fo adiating mode of opeation TM 120. Eigen value solution fo 28 GHz yields inne adius a=3.0 mm and oute adius b= 4.05 mm fo the patch. The single element shows a bandwidth of 37.2 % with -21dB etun loss at 28.5 GHz. In ode to enhance the bandwidth futhe an aay of fou connected annula ings is designed fo micostip line feed. An enhanced bandwidth of % with etun loss of db at 28 GHz is obtained fo this aay. The aay also shows multi fequency esponse. The adiation patten is found simila fo the whole fequency ange fom 10 GHz to 40 GHz. It is obseved that the antenna with fou adiating annula ing elements gives bette pefomance in tems of bandwidth and efficiency. The bandwidth is inceased by 20 % and efficiency is inceased by 11 %.Due to the limited and esticted accessibility to the measuement devices in this high fequency ange the authos could not veify the esults by measuements. Accoding to the IEEE and FCC definition the antenna is suitable fo Ulta Wideband Applications [19]. The designed antenna can be used in wieless communication. Acknowledgement: The authos would like to thank Guu Nanak Institute of Technology fo expeimental suppot. The fist autho acknowledges UGC, India fo financial assistance. Refeence [1] Waqas Faooq, Masood U-Rehman, Qamme Hussain Abbassi, Xiaodong Yang and Khalid Qaaqe Design of a Finge Ring Antenna fo Wieless Senso Netwoks Antennas and Popagation (EuCAP), th Euopean Confeence Apil 2016.DOI: /EuCAP [2] Syed S. Jehangi and Mohammad S. Shaawi A Novel Compact Single Laye Semi-Ring Slot Yagi-Like Antenna with High Fontto-Back Ratio 2016 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Confeence on Antennas and Popagation (APCAP) [3] Salai Thillai Thilagam.J,Manikandan.R, D.P.K.Jawaha Optimized Octagonal Shaped Antenna using Split Ring Design and Analysis fo Wieless Communication Applications d Intenational Confeence on Signal Pocessing, Communication and Netwoking (lcscn) [4] Mahmoud Shiazi, Tianjiao Li, and Xun Gong Reconfiguable Double Slot-Ring Antenna fo Bandwidth Enhancement /16/$ IEEE [5] Djelloul Aissaoui and Noueddine B. Hacen, A. Tayeb Denidni Design of a New Factal Antenna With CPW-Fed Fo UWB Application /15/$ IEEE [6] Mohammad Shakawat Hossain, Saeed I. Latif, and Mohammad S. Alam A Wideband Stacked Patch-Ring Antenna with Cone Petubations fo Cicula Polaization 18 th Intenational Confeence on Compute and Infomation Technology, Decembe, 2015 [7] Zhi Shen, Kiti Dhwaj, Hanseung Lee,Tatsuo Itoh, Li Jun Jiang Boadband High Gain SIW Ring Slot Antenna Poceedings of the 45th Euopean Micowave Confeence, EuMA [8] Sauabh Dwivedi, Shiv Gopal Yadav, Ashutosh Kuma Singh Annula Ring Embedded L-Slot Rectangula Micostip Patch Antenna Poceeding of the 2014 IEEE Students Technology Symposium, /14/$ IEEE [9] Yuanyuan Zhang,Juhua Liu, Zhixi Liang, and Yunliang Long A Wide-Bandwidth Monopola Patch Antenna with Dual-Ring Couples Intenational Jounal of Antennas and Popagation Volume 2014 (2014), Aticle ID , 6 pages [10] Rahul Singha, D. Vakula and N V S N Sama Compact concentic ing shaped antenna fo ulta wide band applications 2 nd Radio and Antenna Days of the Indian Ocean (RADIO 2014) doi: / x/67/1/ [11] Ashish Singh, J.A. Ansai, Kamakshi, Mohd. Aneesh, Saiyed Salim Sayeed, A. Misha Analysis of slots and notches loaded patch antenna fo dualband opeation /13/$ IEEE [12] Sisi K Das and Annapuna Das, Antenna and Wave Popagation, TMH education pvt. Ltd. 1st edition 2013 [13] R Gag, P. Bhatia, 1. Bahl, and A. Ittipiboon, Micostip Antenna Design Handbook.Nowood, MA: Atech House, 2001 JETIR Jounal of Emeging Technologies and Innovative Reseach (JETIR) 32

5 [14] K.L Wong ; compact and boadband micostip antennas New Yok: J.Wiley and sons,2002 [15] Anuima Majumda,Antaa Ghosal, Sisi K Das, Annapuna Das Analysis of a dual Fequency Slotted Cicula micostip Antenna Intenational Jounal of Electonics and Compute Science Engineeing V2N [16] Antaa Ghosal, Anuima Majumda, Sisi K Das, Annapuna Das Analysis of a Class of multi fequency Micostip antenna fo mobile handset Intenational Jounal of Electonics and Compute Science Engineeing V3N [17] Anuima Majumda, Antaa Ghosal,Sisi k Das,Annapuna Das The Effect of Defective Gound Plane on A Wide Band Dual Fequency Cicula Patch Antenna Intenational Jounal of Advanced Reseach in Compute and Communication Engineeing Vol. 4, 2015 [18] Anuima Majumda, Swatilekha Saka,Gagi Majumda, Shubham kuma Mauya, Sangeeta Haza Design and Analysis of a Wideband CPW fed Cicula Patch Antenna fo Wieless Communication Applications Intenational Jounal of Innovative Reseach in Compute and Communication Engineeing Vol. 4, Issue 5, May 2016 [19] JETIR Jounal of Emeging Technologies and Innovative Reseach (JETIR) 33