HIGHWAY ENGINEERING MODULE-IV
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1 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING MODULE-IV 1 HIGHWAY DRAINAGE. 2 HILL ROAD 3 ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT. 4 ROAD ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE Prof. Ujjval J. Solanki DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, DARSHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY-RAJKOT.
2 ROAD SIDE DEVELOPMENT SCOPE OF STUDY ARBORICULTURE STREET LIGHTING
3 ROAD SIDE DEVELOPMENT GTU questions
4 ROAD SIDE ARBORICULTURE Arboriculture Arbori (latin word) Arbor means Tree Arboriculture means Tree culture and planting of tree.
5 ROAD SIDE ARBORICULTURE Objective 1) Attractive landscape 2) Shade to the road user. 3) Stabilization of foundation. 4) Reduce Head Light reflection Disadvantages
6 ROAD SIDE ARBORICULTURE
7 ROAD SIDE ARBORICULTURE
8 Arboriculture Selection of tree Desirable characteristics of road side tree. Common varieties of trees. Planting operation Care of trees
9 STREET LIGHTING
10 STREET LIGHTING (URBAN ROAD) Poor night visibility Accident Important at intersections. Feeling security and protection Reduce uncertainty of information.
11 STREET LIGHTING Factors affecting night visibility. Amount and distribution of light. Size of object. Brightness of object. Brightness of background. Reflection characteristics of pavement. Glare on eye. Time available to see an object.
12 Design Factors for highway lighting. 1. Contrast. 2. Glare. 3. Lamps 4. Luminaire distribution of light. 5. Lateral placement of lighting poles. 6. Brightness of background. 7. Height and overhang of mounting. 8. Spacing of lighting units. 9. Lighting layouts
13 Design Factors for highway lighting. 1. Contrast. Discrimination of differences of brightness between an object and its background. Silhoutte Brightness of object is less than that of background. Reverse silhoutte Brightness of an object is more than that of the immediate background, discrement is by reverse silhoutte.
14 Design Factors for highway lighting. 2) Glare: Disturbing influence when viewing a difficult visual task under low brightness is known as glare Types of glare Disability glare (physiological glare) Discomfort glare (Psychological glare)
15 Design Factors for highway lighting. 2) Lamps: (i) Tungsten lamp (ii) Sodium vapour lamp (iii) Fluorescent lamps. (iv) Mercury vapour lamp.
16 Design Factors for highway lighting. 4) Luminaire distribution of light Purposes: (i) Cover total width of pavement including kerb. (ii) Lighting on traffic signs (iii) Lighting beyond the pavement edge ( 3 to 5 mt) (iv) Uniform distribution of light
17 Design Factors for highway lighting. 5) Lateral placement of lighting poles Not closed to pavement edge, decrease capacity. IRC Recommendations Sr, No a b Location For road with raised kerbs ( as in urban road) For road with raised kerbs ( as in rural road) Distance form the edge of PAVEMENT Min. 0.3 mt Desirable o.6 mt Min 5 mt from edge Min 5 mt from center line
18 Design Factors for highway lighting. 6) Height and overhang of mounting. Distribution of light, shadow, and glare depends on mounting height.( Ht. 6 to 10 m)
19 Design Factors for highway lighting. 7) Spacing of lighting units. On straight road spacing = 3 to 5 times the mounting height.
20 Design Factors for highway lighting. 8) Lighting layouts. ( 30 to 60 mt) Single side Both side-staggered Both side- opposite. Central lighting Location effect (i) On horizontal curve (ii) At intersection
21 Single side lighting
22 Both side lighting (i) Staggered (ii) Opposite
23 Central lighting
24 Lighting layouts On Horizontal curves. At Intersection
25 Benefits of Highway lighting Better police control Increase business Beautification Reduction in accident Pleasant atmosphere. Safety
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