SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Transcription

1 ISBN Any reference to SABS is deemed to be a reference to this standard (Government Notice No of 8 November 2002) SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Public lighting Part 1: The lighting of public thoroughfares Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: Fax: SABS

2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt Amended to change the categorization of roads, replace tables 1 and 2, eliminate the glare control mark and replace appendix B on luminaire depreciation. Amdt Amended to clarify aspects on luminance, add a clause on the measurement of illuminance, and add a reference. Amdt Amended to update referenced standards. Acknowledgement The SABS Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance derived from publications of the following organizations: British Standards Institution International Commission on Illumination Standards Association of Australia Standards Association of New Zealand and also wishes to acknowledge the initiative taken by members of The Association of Municipal Electricity Undertakings of South Africa The Institute of Lighting Engineers of South Africa The South African National Committee on Illumination Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 64C, Lighting and optics Luminaires, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in September This document supersedes SABS 098-1:1990 (second revision). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment Nos 1, 2 and 3. Reaffirmed and reprinted in June This document will be reviewed every five years and be reaffirmed, amended, revised or withdrawn.

3 Preface A number of new concepts have been introduced in line with modern international investigations into lighting and visibility at night. With the advent of computers and their increased application by public authorities and industry, the more complicated design calculations needed for road luminance are no longer a problem. The idea of converting luminance to illuminance to facilitate calculations as contained in the superseded code is not valid and this outdated concept has now been eliminated. Alternative methods of lighting design are given in this part of SANS for use when a designer does not have access to a computer. These methods, while not strictly accurate for all types of installations, are far more applicable than those used in the old system and are therefore to be recommended. Road lighting to international standards is known to have a marked effect on road accident and crime reduction. For these reasons alone, every Authority should ensure that when new lighting is installed or old lighting upgraded, the standards recommended in this part of SANS are correctly applied and maintained. If this is done, considerable reductions in public costs will be made and the tragic effects of road accidents and crime will be considerably reduced. This revised part of SANS has been adapted from the recommendations presented in the following CIE publications: Publication 23 International recommendations for motorway lighting, Publication 27 Photometry of luminaires for street lighting, Publication 30.2 Calculation and measurement of luminance and illuminance in road lighting, 2nd ed Amdt 3 Publication 31 Glare and uniformity in road lighting installations, Publication 32A/B Lighting in situations requiring special treatment. Publication 33A/B Depreciation of installations and their maintenance, Publication 47 Road lighting for wet conditions, Publication 66 Road surfaces and lighting, Joint technical report CIE/PIARC. Publication 92 Guide to the lighting of urban areas, Amdt 1 Publication 115 Recommendations for the lighting of roads for motorized and pedestrian traffic, Amdt 1 Publication 140 Road lighting calculations. Amdt 3 These are essential reading for all public lighting engineers, especially since this part of SANS has its basis in these publications. 1

4 Contents Page Acknowledgement Foreword Preface 1 Scope Definitions Objectives General Visibility: Drivers needs Visibility: Pedestrians needs Visibility: Residents needs Grouping of roads Lighting requirements Design methods Group A roads Group B and group C streets General design considerations General Gradients and humps Crossroads and pedestrian crossings Roundabouts Guidelines for minimizing urban sky glow near astronomical observatories Lighting masts as hazards Aesthetics Maintenance Appendix A Applicable standards Appendix B Luminaire dirt depreciation factors Amdt 1 Appendix C Lighting of curves in the road Appendix D Lighting design criteria for a group A road Appendix E Methods of calculation and measurement Appendix F Example of a luminaire intensity distribution table Appendix G Terminology

5 Public lighting Part 1: The lighting of public thoroughfares 1 Scope 1.1 This part of SANS lays down the fundamental principles that govern the lighting of public thoroughfares including motorways, arterial routes, residential roads, town and city centres and pedestrian-orientated areas. 1.2 The method of providing adequate public lighting are diverse, and new developments and techniques are continually being introduced. This part of SANS has been limited to methods that give good results within acceptable economic limits. NOTE a) The standards referred to in this part of SANS are listed in appendix A. b) Luminaire dirt depreciation factors are given in appendix B. Amdt 1 c) A chart on the spacing of luminaires on curves is given in appendix C. d) Details of lighting design criteria for a group A road are given in appendix D. e) Methods of calculation and measurement are given in appendix E. f) An example of a luminaire intensity distribution table is given in appendix F. g) An explanation of terminology is given in appendix G. 2 Definitions 2.1 For the purpose of this part of SANS the following definitions shall apply: NOTE See also terminology in appendix G. arrangement the layout in plan of lighting masts and luminaires relative to the road, e.g. single-side, staggered, opposite, central average luminance L the mean luminance over a specified section of carriageway, viewed from a specified observer position NOTE Average luminance is obtained by a single measurement and not by calculation of the average of a number of individual measurements Amdt 2 carriageway the part of the road that is intended for vehicular traffic 3