INDEX 1.- LIGHT. DEFINITION 2.- TYPES OF LIGHT

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1 LIGHT

2 INDEX 1.- LIGHT. DEFINITION 2.- TYPES OF LIGHT a.- NATURAL LIGHT b.- ARTIFICIAL LIGHT 3.- THE CONCEPT OF LIGHT AS A GRAPHIC SYMBOL. TONE AND VALUE 4.- SHADOWS. TYPES OF SHADOWS USE OF SHADOWS 5.- DIRECTION OF LIGHT 6.- FUNCTIONS OF LIGHT a.- TO OBTAIN VOLUMEN b.- TO CREATE EXPRESSIVENESS 7.- LIGHT IN DIFFERENT ART a.- DRAWING b.- PAINTING c.- SCULPTURE

3 LIGHT Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight. Sight: The ability to see. The act or fact of seeing. Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy emitted and absorbed by charged particles, which exhibits wave-like behavior as it travels through space.

4 HOW TO SEE When we see objects we are receiving electromagnetic radiation in the form of visible light into our eye. Our eye has a lens on the front which focuses the light onto the retina of the eye. The retina is composed of light sensitive material which than creates an image of what is being viewed. The light sensitive cones and rods of the retina transmits the information to nerves which than transfers the information to the brain in which a visual image is composed. The rods are not sensitive to colour and give better night vision, but there are lot more rods than cones, the cones are sensitive to colour and they are general located more in the centre of the eye, but their are far fewer cones than rods in the retina of the eye. The photoreceptors make it possible for us to see in both bright light and very dark environments.

5 a.- NATURAL LIGHT TYPES OF LIGHT It is the one which comes from the sun. Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, particularly infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earth s atmosphere, and solar radiation is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon. When the direct solar radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as sunshine, a combination of bright light and radiant heat. When it is blocked by the clouds or reflects off of other objects, it is experienced as diffused light. b.- ARTIFICIAL LIGHT Artificial lighting is any lighting that is not sunlight. Generally speaking, artificial lighting is lighting which is man made, such as fluorescent, tungsten, mercury vapor, sodium vapor, halogen, compact fluorescent, etcetera. It can be turned on and off at a flick of a switch.

6 THE CONCEPT OF LIGHT AS A GRAPHIC SYMBOL As a graphic symbol light can be called: TONE AND VALUE. TONE is light and dark. Light reveals, shows the world to us, and shadow gives meaning to the things we see.. DURERO FRIEDERICK TONE gives the impression of distance. Darker tones come forward and lighter tones go back into the image

7 TONE can give emotion to an image. Highly contrasting tones give life and energy, softer tones give a gentle mood. TONE can give solidity, volume and weight to an image TONE can create rhythm, with the eyes jumping from one dark tone to another.

8 VALUE Value is every tone of a color from the darkest of the dark, to the lightest of the light. When you arrange them in order from lightest to darkest, it is called a Value Scale. When black and white are arranged in a Value Scale it is sometimes called a Gray Scale, or a Key Scale. VALUE SCALE High Key Paintings with predominately lighter values are said to be "high key". Low Key Paintings with predominately darker values are said to be "low key. COLOR VALUE Colors (hues) are situated at different positions on the value scale

9 Highlight is the light which is on the place where the object receives the most direct light from the source. Half-Tones are the ones on the object that receives light from the light source, but no so directly. Reflected Light is the light bouncing up onto the back side of the object from the surface the object is sitting on VELÁZQUEZ MURILLO SOROLLA

10 SHADOWS. TYPES OF SHADOWS In the simple diagram below, we can see that the light source is on the left side and the shadows fall on the side furthest from the light source. TYPES OF SHADOWS Core Shadow is where the object receives the least amount of light because those parts of the object are on the opposite side from the light. Cast Shadow is the shadow which is in the area behind the object where the light is blocked by the object. The cast shadow is always darkest directly below the object and can also be on other object next to the first one.

11 USE OF SHADOWS The stronger the light, the darker and sharper the shadow. The softer the light, the softer the shadow FORTUNY VELÁZQUEZ BERTHE MORISOT

12 DIRECTION OF LIGHT Light emitted from above and to the side when applied to portraits creates what is often referred to as "Rembrandt lighting". This form of lighting emphasizes edges and depth.

13 Light coming from behind a subject can form a silhouette resulting in object that is completely black against a lighter colored background. Silhouettes appear as two-dimensional shapes lacking form. In landscape oblique lighting occurs early and late in the day where it enhances the natural texture of the landscape and is often accompanied by warm or cool color casts

14 FUNCTIONS OF LIGHT 1.- Volume (Form) Form refers to the three-dimensional quality of an object, which is due in part to light, and dark areas. When light from a single direction hits an object, part of the object is in shadow. ZURBARÁN MELÉNDEZ VALDÉS Light and dark areas within an image provide contrast that can suggest volume.

15 b.- TO CREATE EXPRESSIVENESS Factors that can affect our feelings towards an image include the direction of the light source from above or below, and the gentleness or abruptness of the half tones. EDWARD HOPPER

16 LIGHT IN DIFFERENT ART TONE in SCULPTURE is the way it catches the light, so that sharp changes are made by deep corners, and gentle ones by smooth gradual changes. BERNINI The appearance of light and shadow tells us a lot about the surfaces and textures in the image. Laocoonte pertenece a la escuela de Rodas.

17 DRAWING DA VINCI PICASSO MICHELANGELO REMBRANT

18 PAINTING EDWARD HOPPER WERMEER VELÁZQUEZ