From Plane Table to Satellites: The Changing Role of Technology in Military Mapping over 100years

Transcription

1 From Plane Table to Satellites: The Changing Role of Technology in Military Mapping over 100years Dr Dennis Puniard Lecturer Faculty of Business Government and Law University of Canberra Major(R), Royal Australian Survey Corps

2 RA Svy

3 Chronology 100 years of Military Mapping Era Key Activities WWI, Formation of RA Svy Corps ex Engr Corps Early Australian Mapping WWII - Middle East and the Pacific Mapping Australia, Vietnam War Mapping Australia, PNG, Indonesia RA Svy absorbed into Engr Corps Retains mapping capacity through 1 Div Topo and AGO Timor Leste, Iraq, Afganistan

4 Technology Milestones 100 years of Military Mapping Era Technology Plane Table, Triangulation Surveys Field mapping, first air photos(raaf) Emergency wartime mapping, Australia and the Pacific (especially PNG) Aerial photography Photogrammetry, Start of digital mapping, Electronic Distance Measuring(EDM) (Tellurometers) Satellite Positioning (Geoceivers), Automated map production (AUTOMAP), orthophotos, Geographic Information Systems, Satellite imagery RA Svy absorbed into Engr Corps Retains mapping capacity through 1 Div Topo and AGO Military GIS, Remote Sensing and image analysis

5 Era Field Survey/ Topo Mapping Plane Table, Triangulation Surveys First Air photos, Photo mosaics Mulitplex plotters, Emergency mapping, aerial photogrpahy, Technology Milestones 100 years of Military Mapping Cartography Fair drawing Fair drawing Large format reproduction cameras Reproduction and Distribution/Litho Early Litho (outsourced? Lithographic presses Aerodist, EDM, Geoceivers GPS Photogrammetry, Start of digital mapping Automap I, II, Parare GIS, Satellite imagery Full litho capability from cameras to printing Paper and Digital RA Svy disbanded Military GIS, Remote Sensing and image analysis Mostly digital

6 Early Survey Technology Vernier theodolites, Gunter s chain by Bicycle!!

7 Quinn s Post - Gallipoli Sketch map Compass and tape in the field?

8 World War I per Lt Col Peter Jensen ACT Survey Corps Newsletter 2015 Technical methods were: trigonometric survey by geodetic triangulation, topographic survey by plane table, colour separated fair drawing by ink draughting on linen from the plane table sheets, lithographic photography print preparation and printing by the Victorian Government Printer supervised by the draughting subsection. In the operational areas Intelligence updates were routinely overprinted on the operations maps by the deployed GHQ Printing Section which used hand-powered lithographic presses for printing panoramas, sketch maps and diagrams before the landings and topographical and trench maps afterwards.

9 Plane Table Mapping

10 Plane Table Mapping Display at Military Engineering Museum Holdsworthy NSW

11 Warrant Officer Vic Aldred and military trainees 1940 near Kilcoy Qld

12 Plane Table field work required survey marks of known coordinates Accurate base lines (gunter s chain/steel band) and triangulation with vernier theodolites supplemented by Astronomical observations

13 Plane table worked on intersection methods of field survey Detail points observed from several survey stations

14 Large Vernier Theodolite used for triangulation and astro fixes Engineer corps museum donated to RA Svy from Indonesian Mapping Bakosurtanal

15 Early Trig stations Australia and Turkey WWI

16 Height determination by first order leveling and aneroid barometers First order level Engineer Museum Holdsworthy

17 Aerial photography

18 Those magnificent men in their flying machines!

19 Early RAAF Aerial Photography 1925 onwards Lines(1992) and SME Museum

20 Air Photos Box Hill Melbourne RAAF 1930 Eagle IV Camera and 1990 (RC 10?)

21 RAAF Air Photo Sydney Mar 1928 No Bridge no Opera House

22 Capt Thomas Alexander Vance 1938 Visited many civilian and military mapping organisations in the United States and Canada, formed the view that the Australian Survey Corps work compared very favourably both in accuracy and cost to anything done in North America. noted the range of knowledge and competence of Australian Survey Corps personnel was much broader than their counterparts in North America

23 Early Photogrammetry Photo mosaics and Multiplex plotters

24 Mulitiplex Plotters

25 Multiplex plotters in Bendigo 1950 s

26 Sale 1 mile 1936 First RA Svy Map produced completely from Aerial Photography

27 World War II The Homeland Middle East PNG Kokoda Rabaul Wewak

28 Australian Mapping 1 to 1 Mile pre War 1939

29 Coverage in1945

30 WWII Aerial Photography

31 Wartime in Bendigo Adjutant s Office

32 Middle East Mapping 1940

33 Far Eastern Horizon WWII Engr Museum Storyboard

34 Kokoda 1942

35 Kokoda: C10 Photography (Skai Piksa)

36 Rabaul :63 360

37 Rabaul Photo map 1: Insert on 1: Map 17 June still under Japanese control

38 1942 North Australia

39 PNG Preparing to repel the Japs

40 1: Produced 1945

41 Wewak 13 September 1945 General Adachi surrenders to Maj Gen Robertson COC 6 th Australian Division Only jap soldiers survived out of deployed

42 Centre for Tourism Research 42

43 Moem 1: Feb 1946 Home for 8 Fd Svy Sqn

44 Moem 1:

45 Print Troop Bendigo 1943

46 Post WWII Australia Typesetting direct to film New 5 colour printing presses

47 Post war 1948 mobile printing press

48 Heildelberg Single Colour Printing Press Now at Engr Museum

49 R504 1: series completed % by RA Svy Corps

50 Vietnam 1966 Extract From: DET 1ST TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY TROOP 3.EXEC a. General outline OPERATION ORDER 1/66 NUI DAT is to be co-ordinated by tellurometer measurement and angle observation from the 1st order point"nouveau PHARE CAP ST JACQUES" GR In carrying out this task, the reliability of the control point is to be tested by connexion between three known control points in the VUNG TAU area and by the introduction into t h e observed figure of astronomical azimuths.