Elements of Design. Basic Concepts

Transcription

1 Elements of Design Basic Concepts

2 Elements of Design The four elements of design are as follows: Color Line Shape Texture

3 Elements of Design Color: Helps to identify objects Helps understand things Helps to communicate feelings and moods Consists of hue, saturation, and lightness

4 Elements of Design Color feelings or moods: Red Excitement, power, danger, aggression, anger, love Orange Lively, cheerful, friendly, energy, warmth Yellow Cheerful, bright, sympathy, cowardice Green Refreshing, restful, peaceful, luck, envy, hope

5 Elements of Design Color feelings or moods (cont.): Blue Calm, serious, reserved, depression, dignified, serenity Purple Dignified, dominating, mysterious, royalty Black Sophisticated, somber, despair, death, mourning White Innocence, purity, faith, peace

6 Elements of Design Warm Colors Yellow Orange Red Cool Colors Blue Green Violet

7 Elements of Design Hue: The name given to a color Example: red, green, blue, etc. Within hue a variety of color can be created Example: scarlet red and pink, both of red hue

8 Elements of Design Saturation: The amount of hue in a color. Example: red o Pink less saturation o Scarlet more saturation The addition of black, white, or gray to a color lowers the saturation or purity of a color

9 Elements of Design Lightness: How light or dark the color appears Example: light green and dark green Lightness of hue changed by adding black or white

10 Elements of Design Line: Gives direction to a design Gives movement, can express feeling Made thick to show importance, thin to demonstrate quick movement Outline images Types of lines: Vertical Horizontal Diagonal Curved

11 Elements of Design Lines: Vertical lines carry eye up and down. Convey a feeling of awe or challenge Horizontal lines carry eye across from side to side. Convey calm, peaceful feeling Diagonal lines slanted. Add interest to a design. Curved lines gently bent. Give a soft, relaxed look to a design.

12 Elements of Design Shape: The form of an object; anything that has height and weight When lines enclose a space Can be used to identify an object Example: circle = sun, oval = egg 3 basic types: circle, square, triangle

13 Elements of Design Texture: The look or feel of a surface Describing words such as rough or smooth Adds dimension to a design Used to create surface appearance Dots and lines often used to create texture

14 Principles of Design Basic Concepts

15 Principles of Design The five principles of design are: Proportion Balance Rhythm Emphasis Unity

16 Principles of Design Proportion: The size relationship of how one part relates to the size of another part How the size of one part relates to the size of the whole

17 Principles of Design Balance: How elements are arranged horizontally or vertically in a design Can be formal (symmetrical) Can be informal (asymmetrical) Formal/informal refers to horizontal or side-toside balance

18 Principles of Design Formal Balance: Also known as symmetrical balance All elements are equal on both sides

19 Principles of Design Informal Balance: Also known as asymmetrical balance All design elements are different on both sides Unequal Used to make appear more exciting

20 Principles of Design Rhythm: The feeling of movement through repetition of lines, color, shapes or textures Rhythm is achieved by: o o o Repetition Radiation Gradation

21 Principles of Design Emphasis: The center of interest in the design First thing seen or noticed ex: large bold headline of a newspaper

22 Principles of Design Unity: The goal of the design When all parts look as if they belong together When elements and principles of design are used effectively

23 Graphics Basic Concepts

24 What do graphics look like? A graphic can be a: Chart Drawing Painting Photograph Logo Navigation button Diagram

25 What do graphics look like? Graphics can be: Black and White developed with a single hue Grayscale shade of gray from black to white Color full spectrum of color Still Animated images have movement

26 Graphics Evolution of Computer Graphics: The first PC with graphics was the Apple II, introduced in the late 1970s. It was not until the mid 1980s that other computers running Microsoft Windows began to catch up with Apple s graphic features.

27 Computer Graphics Technology Images created or edited on computers are either: Bitmapped graphics Vector graphics

28 Graphics What are bitmapped graphics? Bitmapped graphics, also known as raster graphics, consist of grids of tiny dots called pixels. Each pixel is assigned a color. Can be continuous-tone image, such as photograph (full shades of color or gray) Bitmap graphic editors are called paint programs

29 Graphics What are bitmapped graphics? Enlarging a bitmap graphic may cause the image to lose crispness and clarity (pixilated, blurry) Examples include newspaper photos.

30 Graphics Paint Programs: Bitmapped/Raster graphics editing programs are called paint programs Adobe Photoshop is the standard tool for graphic artists

31 Graphics What are vector graphics? Vector graphics use mathematical formulas to define points, lines, curves, and other attributes Vector graphic editors are called draw programs Resolution-independent do not lose clarity as you enlarge them or decrease their size. Appear as bitmaps on computer monitors because computer monitors consist of pixel Examples include printed signs, logos and banner designs

32 Graphics Draw programs: Vector graphics editing programs are called draw programs. Draw programs are the standard tool used for desktop publishing of graphics and illustrations. Adobe Illustrator & InDesign are commonly used.

33 Graphics Graphics Quality: The two factors that determine graphics quality are resolution and color depth. Resolution is determined by the number of pixels per inch (PPI). Color depth refers to the number of distinct colors an image can contain. It can range from 2-bit (black and white) to 24-bit (16.7 million colors).

34 Graphics Resolution: Resolution is how clear or sharp the image appears. Low Resolution image is smaller in file size, but may have some blurriness or pixilation in appearance. High Resolution image is larger in file size, but the appearance is clear and sharp.

35 Graphics Color Depth: Color depth refers to the number of distinct colors an image can contain. o 1-bit (black and white) o 8-bit (indexed color) 256 colors o 24-bit (full-color) 16.7 million colors

36 Graphic File Formats A computer can save and interpret graphic images in a variety of formats: Some of the most common formats include: GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) TIFF (Tagged Information File Format) PIC (PICTure) RAW (Raw image) BMP (bitmap) TGA (Targa) PNG (Portable Network Graphics)

37 Graphics Graphic File Formats: Graphic files are often so large that they need to be compressed when saved. Lossless compression no data is lost in compression, but file sizes are not greatly reduced. Lossy compression file size is reduced significantly, but some data is lost in the process.

38 Graphic File Formats GIF: Pronounced je-if.gif file extension First graphics format to be accepted by the World Wide Web (standard format for the Internet) Supports Web animation Indexed color format (256 colors) Lossless compression

39 Graphic File Formats JPEG: Pronounced jay-peg.jpg file extension Preferred graphic format for digital photographs and pictures on the Web and for Full-color format (16.7 million colors) Lossy compression

40 Graphic File Formats TIFF: Pronounced tif.tif file extension Standard graphic format for desktop publishing images into documents. Best for print work. Best for storing documents. Any resolution and all color formats (2-bit to 24-bit color depths) Lossless compression

41 Graphic File Formats RAW: Pronounced raw.ra or raw file extension Standard graphic format photographers that want to capture as closest to actual visual picture use. Unprocessed files. Files are very large. Not used with a bitmap organizer Lossless compression

42 Graphic File Formats BMP: Pronounced bitmap.bmp file extension Commonly used for creating icons and wallpaper for PCs Full color format Files are large Lossless compression

43 Graphic File Formats TGA: Pronounced tar-ga.tga file extension First high quality graphics file format Used for full color format. Files are large Lossless compression

44 Graphic File Formats PNG: Pronounced ping.png file extension Graphic format was designed to replace the GIF on the Web Large file Full-color formats (16.7 million colors) Lossless compression

45 Editing Graphics Effects and Improvements

46 Editing Graphics Graphics editors have features for changing the sizes of images as well as their colors and other attributes. These include: Dithering Color correction Cropping Selection Scaling (Resizing) Layering

47 Graphics Dithering: Dithering is a graphic editing technique that creates the illusion that a converted image has more colors than it really has. Dithering imitates the lost colors by changing or rearranging the pattern of dots in an image and peppering the pattern with similar colors.

48 Graphics Dithering (continued): The editing software does this for you when you save a graphic file format of one type as a different graphic file type. An example would be if you needed to convert a full-color TIFF file to an indexed color GIF file so that it would be a similar file which would load father on a Web page.

49 Graphics Color Correction: Color correction is an editing technique used to adjust the colors in an image to appear more realistic. Adjust for red eye Adjust color to be more natural instead of red or green tint.

50 Digital Media Objective

51 Objective Digital graphics are computer generated images of: paintings drawings photographs Polar Orbit eccentric orbit low Earth orbit Geosynchronous orbit diagrams charts

52 Objective Pixels or dots make up bitmap or raster graphics Paint Software Editing Programs: MS Paint GIMP Adobe Photoshop

53 Objective Lines, curves and shapes are mathematical formulas used to define vector graphics - Draw Software Editing Programs: Adobe Illustrator CorelDRAW

54 Objective Elements of Design Color Line

55 Objective Elements of Design Shape Texture

56 Objective Principles of Design Proportion Balance Rhythm

57 Objective Principles of Design - Emphasis Unity