Vector VS Pixels Introduction to Adobe Photoshop

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1 MMA 100 Foundations of Digital Graphic Design Vector VS Pixels Introduction to Adobe Photoshop Clare Ultimo

2 Using the right software for the right job... Which program is best for what??? Photoshop Illustrator

3 Photoshop = Photography = Raster Format Professional Raster Editing Program Photographs are seen and measured digitally in rasters. What is a raster? A raster consists of a matrix of cells (or pixels) organized into rows and columns (or a grid) where each cell contains a value representing information.

4 Photoshop = Photography = Raster/Pixel Format Photoshop is the Professional Raster Editing Program Why? Photographs are seen and measured digitally in rasters. What is a raster? A raster consists of a matrix of cells (or pixels) organized into rows and columns (or a grid) where each cell contains a value representing information.

5 Best Uses for Photoshop 1. Editing pictures and photography for print or internet: Color Correction, Photo Enhancement, Revision 2. Software/Web/Mobile UI design 3. Web graphics 4. Motion graphics Worst Uses for Photoshop 1. Logo Creation DO NOT Create Logos in Photoshop> Photoshop is pixel, or raster based. If you create a logo with it, the files that it creates can not be enlarged or manipulated in the same manner that an Illustrator-based logo can. 2. Setting Type DO NOT Set Type for Print Projects in Photoshop> For type to print at its clearest, it needs to be vector based; Photoshop exports type as pixels. But if you are creating a web-based project at ACTUAL SIZE in Photoshop, it s fine to use Photoshop to do this. 3. Please note: Photoshop cannot create multi page layouts. One page at a time, please...

6 Raster/Pixel art CANNOT be scaled infinitely, without loss of quality or fidelity. Logo created in Photoshop Logo created in Illustrator

7 Illustrator = Drawing = Vector Format Vectors use mathematic equations and geometric primitives (points, lines, and shapes) to create art that is clean, camera ready, Vector art can be scaled infinitely, without any loss of quality or fidelity.

8 Best Uses for Illustrator 1. Logo/Logotype/Monogram/Insignia design 2. Setting type and design for Stationery and Print Campaigns 3. Vector Paintings and Illustrations 4. Web graphics 5. Motion graphics Worst Uses for Illustrator 1. Color Correcting Photos 2. MultiPage Print Projects (best for one-at-a-time, or limited pages)

9 > Professional Practices: RGB vs CMYK: How it works Introduction to Photoshop Tools Using Color in Photoshop How Size Works in Photoshop Resolution & Formats

10 Photoshop Color Basics All multimedia devices (including television screens) interpret color as RED GREEN and BLUE These are additive colors. When you add these together in equal amounts, you get white light. We see stuff on a monitor because monitors emit light. This is why you can see what s on the screen even when you re in a dark room.

11 RGB vs CMYK...and more Color is interpreted differently on paper! Before computers and cell phones, books, magazines and newspapers were the only way we got information... Everything in print interprets color as: CYAN MAGENTA and YELLOW These are subtractive colors. When you add these colors together in equal amounts, you get black... They require a light source outside in order to be seen. The color of a magazine page is not created by light coming THROUGH the page, as it is on a monitor screen. With a flat, printed surface, the light hits the page and bounces back to your eyes instead. Color looks different on a page than it does on a monitor screen because of this.

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13 Getting Started in Photoshop

14 The tools in Photoshop are similar to the ones in Illustrator

15 Your Workspace... If you don't see something opened and you need to see it, go to the "Window" Menu Control and select it. What you absolutely need open on your Workspace for our class: Layers History

16 Image VS Canvas Size: IMAGE SIZE

17 Color in Photoshop... Open graffiti.png 1. Change Color Mode from RGB to CMYK 2. Go to Image/ Adjustments/ Curves and change color any way you like here. Save as graffiti1.jpg 3. Open original file again. Change from RGB to Grayscale 4. Once in Grayscale, change to Duotone (pick any second color you want) 4. Save as graffiti2.jpg

18 Image VS Canvas Size: CANVAS SIZE

19 Image Size Canvas Size Every photo you take or photo you download will always have the Image and Canvas size the same. You will always manually create the Canvas size and this will be because you want to add something around the edges of the photo.

20 More about Image size Physical Size of the Image is not the size of the photo exactly...example > 12 x 12 > 864 px x 864 px 2. Resolution also creates the size of the file a. 12 x ppi file is a BIG file because it has a lot of visual information in it. b. 12 x 12 file in 72ppi is MUCH smaller; it s less than 1/3 the size of the 300 ppi file. 72 ppi 300 ppi 7 x 4 72 ppi 7 x ppi 18 x 9 An 18 x 9 photo at 72ppi would look just fine if you needed it to be much smaller with a higher resolution

21 How file sizes and formats measure up on your hard drive... Smoothie1.jpg =18.72 inches x inches; 300 pixels/inch The file size is 2.7 megabytes. It doesn t seem to take up much room because it is a.jpg file. Smoothie2.jpg = inches x inches; 72 pixels/inch The file size is 382 kilobytes, which isn t even 1 megabyte (1000 kilobytes = 1 megabyte). By changing the resolution, we made the file smaller, but we lost detail in the image and once we make it smaller, we can t make it bigger again. Smoothie2a.jpg = 5 inches x inches; 72 pixels/inch The file size is 112 Kilobytes, which is even smaller than the jpg above. We made the photo physically smaller (from 18 wide to 5 wide); that s what changed the file size. Smoothie 3.psd is the same exact size as Smoothie1.jpg Smoothie1.jpg =18.72 inches x inches; 300 pixels/inch only it now has Photoshop layers in it. The file size is 84 Megabytes! Smoothie1.jpg was only 2.7 Megabytes. Smoothie 4 / 4a / 4b are flattened versions of the PSD file. (This happens by taking out the layers) making the image become one layer only. Notice what happens to the size based on the kind of file format.

22 Image Size? Document Size? Document size reflects the physical size of the image. Photoshop Measurement Options: percent inches cm (centimeters) mm (millimeters) points picas columns The Document Size cannot be measured in pixels since pixels exist only on screens and reflect the amount of data in the image. Document size reflects something physical, so it is measured in physical measurements. Sizing in megabytes, kilobytes, etc.>> The reason why you would find a request for a specific document size in mgs is because most people don t use Photoshop and are unaware of what sizes mean at all. But just knowing how much digital info is in the picture (mgs) doesn t mean you have the best proportion so that it can be seen best visually.

23 More on file sizes and formats Each of the sizes are very different because the formats for each are different. 1. EPS (Encapsulated Postscript) contains a lot of detail and is often used in print. (107 mg) 2. JPG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) can also contain a lot of detail BUT compresses it so it doesn t take up too much room. (6.7 mg) 3. TIF (Tagged Image File Format) can be used for print and work well on both Mac and PC. Not as big as an EPS, bigger than a JPG. (63.2 mg)

24 Making images for the web: Which ones to use and why... GIF: > Best for graphics with flat color > The only format that can contain animation frames JPG: > Excellent for photography on the web because it holds good detail and color but it s smaller than most image type files, so it s easier and faster to download PNG: > Save something as a PNG when you want the background to be transparent JPG PNG

25 What do the formats mean? PSD: Photoshop Document Photoshop format saves all photoshop features (layers, alpha channels, smart objects, transparency). This type of file has the most digital information in it, so it will generally be the largest type of file. Always keep your PSD docs safe. TIFF: Tagged Image Format can save everything a photoshop can (layers, alpha channels, smart objects, transparency) and can be used with applications that can t read layers. Will print nicely; can save as layers or flattened. JPG: Joint Photographic Experts Group Good web format. Will automatically flatten your image/no layers. JPGs are always compressed; good for sharing; Great for photographs with smooth color blends. GIF: Graphics Interchange Format Good web format. Good to use for images that have lots of text. GIFs can have a transparent background.great for flat colors with hard edges. GIF is limited to a maximum of 256 indexed colors; indexed color meaning that the file can take only certain colors within it. Less information reduces file size. What is an Interlacing Gif? Means the Gif appears on the screen in stages, so the browser doesn t have to wait until the whole image is loaded all at once. PNG: Portable Network Graphic Good web format. Excellent for the web or digital applications because it allows you to lose less detail but it supports full transparency. (256 layers of transparency) PDF: Portable Document Format Really popular because anyone can see and open them. Mostly used for print/books

26 Playing with Image Size... Download & open 07_InClassMaterials Open graffiti.png 1. Go to IMAGE > IMAGE SIZE and open dialogue window 2. Change document size: Change size of photo to 260 points wide 3. Change Resolution Size to 150ppi Now notice the new size of this photo in the folder window. 4. SAVE AS graffiti1.png in 07_InClassProjects folder Open PeopleRow.jpg 1. Look at the size of PeopleRow.jpg: 6.4mg 2. Open document> Open Image Size Dialogue Box> Measure in points 3. Change to 900 points wide Notice that the Height automatically changes 4. Set Resolution to 72 ppi 5. Save as OpenPeople1.jpg 6. Look at the difference in size. (no longer 6.4mgs)

27 The Importance of Layers in Photoshop

28 Open colorfulcrystal.tif Save AS colorcrystal1.tif Step 1: Notice size of doc. What is the Color Space of the doc? Step 2: Duplicate this layer Step 3: With the square or round Marquee Selection Tool, select a section of the photo and click Command C Step 4: Press Command V (paste) and notice that you have created another layer in the doc. Move this layer around with your black selection tool. You now have 3 layers. NOTE THAT WHATEVER LAYER IS HIGHLIGHTED IS THE LAYER YOU ARE WORKING ON AND CAN CHANGE. Step 5: Change the color of this new layer. Go to IMAGE> ADJUSTMENTS>CURVES... Step 6: Name this layer ColorChange1 Step 7: Open LayerExercise.psd and make sure the flower layer is selected and clicked. Select all on this layer (Command A) Copy it (Command C) and then go back to colorful crystal.tif and paste it in that doc. Add the butterfly silohouette to the crystal doc if you want as well. Step 8: Check out some filters and effects on this doc...

29 Filling color by using the keyboard 1. First check the color in the front of your Color Palette at the bottom of your Tools Menu. 2. The Color Picker will pop up and let you change the color in the front box. Front box: Foreground Color Back box: Background Color

30 Check out the difference... Photoshop ToolBar Illustrator ToolBar Note that the Color Palette boxes in Photoshop relate to Foreground and Background colors. This is different from Adobe Illustrator where the Color Palette boxes represent Stroke and Fill.

31 Filling color by using the keyboard> Filling a solid shape entirely with another color A solid shape in one color can be filled with another color...again, make sure the color in the front Palette Box is the color you want to use. A. Edit> Fill B. Fill Dialogue Box> MAKE SURE Preserve Transparency BOX IS CLICKED C. CLICK OK

32 Filling color by using the keyboard> Filling a layer entirely with a color 1. First check the color in the front of your Color Palette at the bottom of your Tools Menu. 2. If it is, make sure you are on the right layer, and then press two keys: OPTION and DELETE at the same time.

33 True Photoshop Scaling > Proportion is EVERYTHING!!! An all-too-common student mistake: CORRECT PROPORTION Every time you scale a photo (up or down) in Photoshop, you MUST HOLD DOWN THE SHIFT KEY! Keep the original integrity of the photograph at all times. INCORRECT PROPORTION incorrect vertically. Horizontal and vertical are not the same. INCORRECT PROPORTION incorrect horizontally. Horizontal and vertical are not the same.

34 True Photoshop Scaling > Proportion is EVERYTHING!!! An all-too-common student mistake: CORRECT PROPORTION Every time you scale a photo (up or down) in Photoshop, you MUST HOLD DOWN THE SHIFT KEY! Keep the original integrity of the photograph at all times. INCORRECT INCORRECT

35 Reminder Whenever you retouch, revise, change a document in Photoshop, always remember to save the retouched doc with another name. This keeps your original, source art untouched Example: Original Name: NYCmap.jpg Retouched file: NYCmap1.psd (layered)

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