Ch. 18 Renaissance through the Baroque

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1 Ch. 18 Renaissance through the Baroque

2 Renaissance Period is birth of Humanism and the belief in the individual. This is seen in the artwork and the way that the human figure is represented. The European Renaissance began approximately 1400 and lasted until approximately (These are approximate dates.) Renaissance means rebirth. The title for the period (Renaissance) refers to the rebirth or rediscovery of the Classical texts and philosophy into Europe. (Remember these had been banned during the Middle Ages in Europe.) Classical Ideal - Man is the Measure of All Things.

3 October, from Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, , The Limbourg Brothers

4 What is a patron? A patron is someone who offers financial, ideological, intellectual, and sometimes emotional support to an artist. Who was the main patron during the Renaissance? The Roman Catholic church. We also begin to see the rise of a new social class of merchants and bankers who became patrons as well. The best known of these is the Medici family who commissioned many works of art and architecture during the Renaissance.

5 Analysis: - Focal point - Use of color - Symbolism - One-point perspective - Propaganda Masaccio. The Tribute Money. c fresco, 8 ft. 1 in. x 19 ft 7 in. Brancacci Chapel

6 One-point Perspective, also known as Linear Perspective vanishing point Horizon Line

7 One-point perspective, which is also known as Linear Perspective was a system invented during the Renaissance to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on a twodimensional surface. It was a mathematical way of organizing the composition of paintings.

8 Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, , fresco, 15 ft. x 29 ft., Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan

9 One-point Perspective

10 One-point Perspective

11 Analysis: - Elements of Design - Use of color - Symbolism - Focal points Picture Plane Rogier van der Weyden. Deposition. c ft. 1 5/8 in. x 8 ft. 7 1/8 in.

12 The Major Italian City-States during the Renaissance.

13 Commissioned by the Medici Family - Elements of Design - Symbolism - Use of color Sandro Botticelli. The Birth of Venus. c ft. 8 7/8 in. x 9 ft. 1 7/8 in.

Leonardo da Vinci. A Scythed Chariot, Armored Car, and Pike. c. 1487. 6 3/8 x 9 3/4 in. Leonardo was an engineer and inventor.

14 Leonardo da Vinci. A Scythed Chariot, Armored Car, and Pike. c /8 x 9 3/4 in. Leonardo was an engineer and inventor. He had a natural curiosity about the workings of the natural world and made thousands of sketches of his observations and ideas. To Leonardo, drawing was simply a way of thinking.

15 Leonardo da Vinci. Mona Lisa. c /4 x 21 in.

16 The two figures in the center are Plato and Aristotle. Visual Analysis: - One-point perspective - Use of color - Symbolism - Elements of Design - Focal point Raphael. The School of Athens Vatican. Rome, Italy.

17 Elements/ Principles of Design: Line Shape Color Texture Value Rhythm Repetition Scale Proportion Unity Variety Focal Point Balance

19 Durer was the Leonardo of Northern Europe. This painting has been described as Christlike. It is the first selfportrait by an artist. It foretells the coming of the Reformation fueled by Protestantism. Albrecht Dürer. Self-Portrait /4 x 19 1/4 in.

20 Nature is the most common theme in Chinese art. Calligraphy is considered an art form. Cheng Sixiao. Ink Orchids. Yuan dynasty, /8 x 16 3/4 in.

21 Yin Hong. Hundreds of Birds Admiring the Peacocks. Ming dynasty, c. late fifteenth early sixteenth century. 7 ft. 10 1/2 in x 6 ft. 5 in.

Shen Zhou. Poet on a Mountaintop. Ming dynasty, c. 1500. 15 1/4 x 23 3/4 in.

22 Shen Zhou. Poet on a Mountaintop. Ming dynasty, c /4 x 23 3/4 in. Oftentimes, Chinese landscape artists went to live in Nature to better study and understand the processes of the natural world.

23 Coatlicue was Aztec goddess of Life and Death. Associated with the earth, the moon, and the stars. Coatlicue, Aztec, 15th century, basalt, 8 ft. 3 in. Natl. Museum Anthropology, Mexico City

24 Aztecs Confront the Spaniards from History of the Indies of New Spain by Diego de Duran, 1581

25 Diego de Duran was a Dominican priest who created drawings and writing based upon interviews with the Aztecs about the Spanish conquest. Does his work remind you of anything else that we have seen this semester?

This was worn like a belt-buckle at the waist of the king, who was called the oba. The small faces surrounding the queen mother s represent Portuguese soldiers.

26 This was worn like a belt-buckle at the waist of the king, who was called the oba. The small faces surrounding the queen mother s represent Portuguese soldiers. At this time, Portugal was colonizing this portion of Western Africa. The region surrounding Benin was considered the slave coast. Mask of an iyoba (queen mother), probably Idia. Court of Benin, Nigeria. c height 9 3/8 in.

27 Can you find at least 5 examples of iconography? Michelangelo Buonarroti. The Last Judgment, Guidizio Universale Sistine Chapel.

28 The Reformation was influenced by Martin Luther s break with the Roman Catholic church and the development of Protestantism. The Counter Reformation was the Catholic church s response to the Reformation and the growing concern that the church was corrupt and out of touch. How do we see this influence reflected in the artwork that was produced at this time?

29 Aerial view of St. Peter s. Nave and facade by Carlo Maderno, , colonnade by Gianlorenzo Bernini, 1657.

Gianlorenzo Bernini. The Ecstasy of St. Theresa. 1645 52. life-size. The Baroque period is the period that correlates with the Counter Reformation.

30 Gianlorenzo Bernini. The Ecstasy of St. Theresa life-size. The Baroque period is the period that correlates with the Counter Reformation. The work is characterized as dramatic and emotional. We often see the use of strong diagonal lines in the compositions. Does this remind you of any other styles/periods we have seen?

31 Caravaggio. The Calling of St. Matthew. c ft. 1 in. x 11 ft. 5 in.

33 Caravaggio. The Calling of St. Matthew. c ft. 1 in. x 11 ft. 5 in. Caravaggio was the leading Baroque artist. The style is noted for: -Chiaroscuro - Strong use of diagonal line - Use of everyday people off the streets

34 Elements/ Principles of Design: Line Shape Color Texture Value Rhythm Repetition Scale Proportion Unity Variety Focal Point Balance

35 Annibale Carracci. Landscape with Flight into Egypt. c /4 x 98 1/2 in.

Claude Lorrain. A Pastoral Landscape. c. 1650. 15 1/2 x 21 in. A pastoral is a landscape that has been tamed.

36 Claude Lorrain. A Pastoral Landscape. c /2 x 21 in. A pastoral is a landscape that has been tamed. It is does not look threatening. Oftentimes, it evokes an ideal Golden Age from the past. It is the opposite of the sublime.

Jacob van Ruisdael. View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen. c. 1670. 22 x 24 3/8 in.

37 Jacob van Ruisdael. View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen. c x 24 3/8 in. Religious imagery became less popular in the Northern Europe where Protestantism took hold. We see artists focusing on new subject matter, like landscape, still life, and portraiture.

Essential Question: How did the Renaissance change art in Western Europe?

Essential Question: How did the Renaissance change art in Western Europe? Warm-Up Question: Define these terms: Renaissance Humanism Classicism Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? What factors led