Chapter 22 AP Art History

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1 Chapter 22 AP Art History

2 Students will be able to Assess the impact of the Council of Trent s guidelines for the Counter-Reformation art of the Roman Catholic Church. Explore how the work of Bernini and Caravaggio established a new dramatic intensity, technical virtuosity, and unvarnished naturalism that blossomed into the Baroque. Trace the broad influence of Caravaggio s style on art across Europe during the 17 th Century. Assess the resurgence of Classicism, especially in the work of 17 th century French artists and architects. Analyze the way that 17 th Century artists created works that embodied the power and prestige of the monarchy. Examine the development of portraiture, still life, landscape, and genre scenes a major subjects for painting, especially within the prosperous art market of the Netherlands.

3 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V abdicated in 1556, leaving his lands to his son and his brother. Who were these heirs? Philip II (son of Charles V) Spain, the American colonies, the Netherlands, Burgundy, Milan, the Kingdom of Naples, and Sicily Ferdinand (brother of Charles V) The Holy Roman Empire (Germany and Austria) The Habsburg rulers will follow Ferdinand German-speaking Europe remained divided into small units whose religion was decided by their rulers. Catholicism prevailed in southern and western Germany and Austria. Northern Germany was Lutheran The flow of gold and silver from the Americas diminished This is the greatest age of Spanish literature and art: the Spanish Golden Age!

What was the primary influence of Spanish art in the 15 th century? the art of Flanders What was the primary influence of Spanish art in the 16 th century?

4 What was the primary influence of Spanish art in the 15 th century? the art of Flanders What was the primary influence of Spanish art in the 16 th century? Florence and Rome What was the primary influence of Spanish art in the 17 th century? CARAVAGGIO!!! What words characterize this artistic style? Surface details emerging from deep shadows: tenebrism! An ecstatic religiosity! Realistic surface details. Portrait of Innocent X by Velazquez

5 Late 16 th century Spanish painter One of the earliest painters of pure still life Painted still life pieces Intense attention to detail Quince, Cabbage, Melon, and Cucumber Painted around 1602 He plays off the irregular, curved shapes of the fruits and veggies. He precisely orders the objects Two are suspended in the air Two are resting Form a long arch from upper left to lower right The background is impenetrable blackness Cotan looks forward to the work of Zurbaran and Velazquez

6 Juan Sanchez Cotan

Born in Seville Lived in Naples Known as Lo Spagnoletto The little Spaniard Combines the classical and Caravaggesque styles Created the style that becomes the

7 Born in Seville Lived in Naples Known as Lo Spagnoletto The little Spaniard Combines the classical and Caravaggesque styles Created the style that becomes the Spanish style Ribera is the link between Caravaggio in Italy and the Spanish masters Zurbaran and Velazquez Adoration of the Shepherds by Ribera

8 Jusepe de Ribera

9 Zurbaran is also influenced by Caravaggio He does incorporate abstract design Some see this as part of the heritage of Islamic Moorish influence Zurbaran executed his major commissions for monastic orders. The Martyrdom of Saint Serapion 13 th century Mercedarian (Spanish order founded to rescue Christian prisoners from the Moorish) Serapion sacrificed himself in exchange for Christian captives Death contrasts with the off white of his Mercedarian habit This work could be described as a study of fabric and flesh

10 Francisco de Zurbaran

11 Greatest painter to emerge from those studying the style of Caravaggio in Seville Entered Seville s art guild in 1617 Began his career as a tenebrist and naturalist Early works were mostly figural works set in taverns, markets, and kitchens Water Carrier of Seville A study of surfaces and textures Ceramic pots The man in the painting is a well-known Sevillian water seller Arranged elements with almost mathematical rigor

12 Diego Velazquez

13 Velazquez moved to Madrid in 1623 Became the court painter of King Philip IV He holds this picture until his death in 1660 Velazquez was able to study the paintings of the royal collection and to travel Result = his own personal style Peter Paul Rubens convinced the king to allow Velazquez to travel and study in Italy Velazquez made 2 brief trips to Italy The Surrender at Breda This image is of the Spanish defeat of the Dutch at Breda Velazquez treats the theme of triumph and conquest in an entirely new way Velazquez imagines the two armies meeting on a hilltop with the burning city behind them The Dutch commander hands over the keys to the city The exchange is a gracious one The courtly ideal of gentlemanly conduct The victors hold their lances upright (thus the more popular name = the Lances) This is a work of art not history! The Dutch retook Breda in 1637

14 Diego Velazquez

15 Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor) Painted in 1656 This piece actually challenges the viewer and stimulates debate The picture draws the viewer directly into it s action Infanta Margarita (5 years old) is surrounded by her attendants Las Meninas was cleaned in 1984 This reveals a great deal about his methods of painting Used a minimum of underdrawings Velazquez built up his forms with layers of loosely applied paint Finished off the surfaces with dashing highlights in white, lemon yellow, and pale orange This is a royal portrait and a self portrait Velazquez is dressed as a courtier

16 Diego Velazquez

Why does Madrid (of Velazquez day) become the center of Spanish art? PLAGUE! Seville experienced the plague in 1649. Seville would remain the center for trade with Spanish colonies.

17 Why does Madrid (of Velazquez day) become the center of Spanish art? PLAGUE! Seville experienced the plague in Seville would remain the center for trade with Spanish colonies. Whose art has a profound influence here? Murillo! What image is most prominent in his works? Mary and Immaculate Conception The Immaculate Conception by Murillo

Is the link to Caravaggio's style to Zurbaran and Velázquez. Tenebrism. Martyr of St. Bartholomew

Is the link to Caravaggio's style to Zurbaran and Velázquez. Tenebrism. Martyr of St. Bartholomew Baroque Art-3 Hapsburg Spain Artist: Jusepe de Ribera Title: Martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew Medium: Oil on canvas Size: 41¼ X 44⅞" (1.05 X 1.14 m) Date: 1634 Known as Little Spaniard Is the link to Caravaggio's