Name: What does the term Renaissance refer to? What was the basis for the Italian Renaissance?

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1 Name: Chapter 13: European Society in the Age of the Renaissance AP Euro ~ Mr. Nielsen Complete the graphic organizers as you read Chapter 13. DO NOT SIMPLY HUNT FOR THE ANSWERS AS DOING SO WILL LEAVE GAPS IN YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE TEXT. Be sure to include details regarding the political, economic, intellectual, and social/cultural themes. Although this graphic organizer only covers some sections in the chapter, you are responsible for the content in the entire chapter. Section 1 - Economic and Political Developments Read pgs What does the term Renaissance refer to? What was the basis for the Italian Renaissance? A. Commercial Developments: Describe the main ideas for each of the following. 1. Economic Revival 2. Italian City-States and Trade 3. Florence B. Communes and Republics: Explain, in detail, each of the following terms. Include an example if possible. 1. Commune 2. Marriage 3. Popolo 4. Signori 5. Oligarchy 6. Princely Courts

2 C. Balance of Power Among Italian City-States Describe or illustrate the organization of Italy in the 1400s. Describe the governments of each of the following city-states: 1. Venice 2. Milan 3. Florence 4. Papal States 5. Naples Explain the balance of power diplomacy of the Italian states. Invasion of Italy Who predicted the invasion? Significance of prediction? When and how did it begin? What was the result? What was the League of Cambrai? When and why was it formed? Why did it end? When and how did the Habsburg-Valois Wars begin?

3 When and how did the Italian states unify?

4 Section 2 - Intellectual Change Read pgs Who was Francesco Petrarch? What did he believe? Concept Characteristics Example A. Humanism B. Individualism C. Education. 1. What was the connection between humanism and education? 2. How does The Courtier by Castiglione represent humanist thought?

5 D. Political Thought. 1. List Niccolo Machiavelli s ( ) views on how a ruler should gain, maintain and increase political power: E. Secular Spirit. 1. What is secularism? 2. How did secularism change the way people of the Renaissance saw life? 3. How are the following examples of the secular spirit? Lorenzo Valla: Giovanni Boccaccio: Church Leaders: F. Christian Humanism. Describe Christian, or northern humanists, and their beliefs: 1.

6 Describe Thomas More s revolutionary view of society in Utopia: What was Erasmus s life work? What are the two fundamental themes in Erasmus s work? G. The Printed Word. 1. What was printing with movable metal type? 2. What were the effects of the invention of movable type printing?

7 Section 3 - Art and the Artist Read pgs A. Art and Power. Who commissioned art in early Renaissance Italy? What was their purpose in commissioning art? Who were the main patrons of art in the later 15 th century? Why did they sponsor art? How did art reveal changing patterns of consumption in Renaissance Italy? B. Subjects and Style. 1. What emerges as distinct genre during the Renaissance? 2. How did artists Giotto, Francesca and Mantegna add to this new genre? 3. What were the characteristics of Italian Renaissance art? How did the following artists and their works reflect these characteristics? Donatello ( ) Masaccio ( ) Brunelleschi ( ) Van Eyck ( )

8 Raphael ( ) 4. What are the characteristics of mannerism? C. Patronage and Creativity. 1. Almost all art produced during the Renaissance was commissioned from patrons. How were patrons involved in the works they commissioned? 2. Renaissance artists and humanists believed art was the deliberate creation of a unique personality who transcended traditions, rules, and theories and that the genius had a peculiar gift, which ordinary laws should not inhibit. However, what were specific guidelines and expectations of artists? Section 4 - Social Hierarchies Read pgs A. Race. 1. Describe Renaissance ideas about the term race. 2. Illustrate, in a timeline or a chart, the increase in the importation of black slaves to Europe.

9 3. How were blacks viewed in Renaissance Europe? B. Class. 1. Describe or illustrate the medieval system of social differentiation. 2. What role did merchants and bankers play in the cities?

10 C. Gender. 1. What was the debate about women? 2. Explain some examples of how women were depicted in art/literature. 3. How did the debate expand to female rulers? 4. What were Renaissance ideas about women and men s roles? Section 5 - Politics and the State in the Renaissance Read pgs What was the linchpin for the development of states? 2. While the Italian state remained divided, each with their own governments, what methods did rulers in 15 th century use to build their governments and lay the foundation for unified nation-states?

11 A. France. 1. How did Charles VII revive the monarchy and France after the Hundred Years War? 1). 2). 3). 4). 2. What actions further strengthened the French monarchy after Charles? 1). 2). 3). 4). 5). 6). B. England. 1. How did the Tudor monarchs rebuild the English monarchy? 2. What was the royal council? What role did it play in the government?

12 3. What was the court of Star Chamber? 4. How did the justices of the peace aid local government? 5. How did the Tudors win the support of the middle class? 6. What actions did Henry VII take to stabilize England? C. Spain. 1. How did Spain differ from England and France in the 17 th century? 2. How did Ferdinand and Isabella curb the aristocrats power? 3. How did they extend royal power? 4. Who were the converses or New Christians?

13 5. What role did they play in Spain? 6. What actions did the Inquisition take against Jews and New Christians? 7. How was the Iberian Peninsula politically united?

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