Chapter 22 AP Art History

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1 Chapter 22 AP Art History

2 Students will be able to Assess the impact of the Council of Trent s guidelines for the Counter-Reformation art of the Roman Catholic Church. Explore how the work of Bernini and Caravaggio established a new dramatic intensity, technical virtuosity, and unvarnished naturalism that blossomed into the Baroque. Trace the broad influence of Caravaggio s style on art across Europe during the 17 th Century. Assess the resurgence of Classicism, especially in the work of 17 th century French artists and architects. Analyze the way that 17 th Century artists created works that embodied the power and prestige of the monarchy. Examine the development of portraiture, still life, landscape, and genre scenes a major subjects for painting, especially within the prosperous art market of the Netherlands.

3 While Bernini would be come the MOST famous Baroque Roman architect and sculptor, there was a rival Francesco Borromini! Did these two artists get along? NO Bernini and Borromini completely disliked each other! Works by these two artists are consistently juxtaposed across Rome. Who was Borromini? A nephew of Carlo Maderno who studied in his uncle s workshops! He will work under Bernini s supervision on the decoration of St. Peter s Some of the details on the Baldacchino and its structural engineering are attributed to Borromini instead of Bernini today! Just like Michelangelo and Raphael, these two go way back What is his first independent commission? The Church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane Commissioned by the Trinitarian monks inn 1634

4 How is this work unique to the Baroque Roman era? This building stands in a narrow space and the corner is missing to accommodate the fountain part of the commission. How is Borromini s genius revealed here? Borromini created an elongated central plan interior space. The walls however are undulating or moving in a distinct rhythm or flow. The massive entablature is supported by columns. The interior coffers of the dome form an eccentric honeycomb of crosses, elongated hexagons, and octagons. Centered in the ceiling is a triangle both a symbol of the Trinity and of the patrons! Mathematically, Borromini set two triangles base to base to create the actual church space!

5 Borromini

6

7 Chapel of Saint Ivo, College of the Sapienza, Rome Plan of the Chapel of Saint Ivo

8

9

10 Two artists will impact the paintings of this period: Annibale Carracci: ordered Classicism Michelangelo Merisi (Caravaggio): dramatic naturalism Why were these painters from Northern Italian families drawn to Rome? This is the CENTER of power and patronage during the Baroque period. What is the focus of the Carracci family? Chiaroscuro Venetian color Sfumato The Carracci family would continually reject the artifice of the Mannerist style focusing on disegno (line), compositional structure, and figural solidity. Who will this family mimic? Michelangelo, Raphael, and antique Classical sculpture.

11 Who were these painters? This was a family of painters! Brothers Agostino and Annibale. Cousin Ludovico! How do they influence the arts of the Baroque Era? This family eventually founds an art academy in Artists who were friends and students joined in the study of art theory. What do these artists value? Accurate drawings, complex figural compositions, complicated narratives, and technical expertise. They will produce works in both oil and fresco. This academy would greatly impact the development of arts education! One of the greatest works commissioned: Ceiling of the Palazzo Farnese This commission celebrated the wedding of Duke Ranuccio Farnese of Parma to the niece of the pope! The theme: LOVE (based on Ovid s Metamorphoses)

12 Annibale Carracci

13 Annibale Carracci

14 What about Caravaggio? This artist satisfied the Baroque DEMAND for DRAMA! He WAS drama! He would paint the people he saw around him and these were not the most reputable people! Who influenced his work? Caravaggio was a rebel! He claimed to ignore the great masters painting with immediacy and invention.

15 Caravaggio

16 Caravaggio

17 Caravaggio

18 Calling of St. Matthew and The Inspiration of St. Matthew by Caravaggio

19 Who is this women? One of Caravaggio s most brilliant followers. She held an international reputation and helped spread the Caravaggesque style. First studied under her father Orazio. Who commissioned her works? Grand Duke Cosimo II de Medici What special honors is she granted? She will be elected to the Florentine Academy of Design at age 23!

20 Artemisia Gentileschi

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