Italian & Northern Renaissance

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Lorena Miller
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1 Italian & Northern Renaissance

2 Sistine Chapel Ceiling

6 What is the Renaissance? Renaissance = Rebirth (of classical ideas) HOW-Economic & Societal Structures changed after Middle Ages, allowing new ideas to emerge WHAT-These ideas led to a sustained period of renewed interest & remarkable developments in art, literature, science & learning WHY-Arose in Italy in part because of its thriving cities, increased trade & wealthy merchant class

7 How did we escape the Dark Ages? Black Death, War/Invasion & Starvation----Not all bad! Unless, you know, you DIED. Enormous loss of life Farmers producing surpluses Specialization! Food prices decline, people could spend $$ on other things, citystates focused on one good & traded w/neighbors

8 Causes of the Renaissance*** Increased trade w/asia because of the Crusades Renewed interest in the classical learning of Ancient Greece & Rome Preserved by Muslims Growth of large, wealthy city-states (Italy) Italian Peninsula---why? Think back to the rise of Rome Rise of rich & powerful merchant class Patrons, or financial supporters, of the arts

Medici was the wealthiest European of his time Grandson Lorenzo de Medici

10 Italy-The Medici A wealthy merchant-class developed in each Italian citystate The Medici banking family came to dominate Florence Cosimo de Medici was the wealthiest European of his time Grandson Lorenzo de Medici became great patron of the arts Patron: someone who financially supports an artist or the arts

11 Renaissance Ideas-Humanism Church Scholastic Education that relied on Religion, unity, not individuality Humanism Emphasis on individuality & achievement; the potential of the human mind is limitless (similar to the Ancient Greeks) You could enjoy life (luxuries such as material wealth, expensive art & fine foods Without offending God! Rhetoric, Grammar, Poetry, History, Latin & Greek formed the Humanities, and the movement they inspired was known as Humanism

12 Secular Writers What does Secular mean? Worldy, non-religious! Humanist writers argued that individual achievement & education could be fully expressed only if people used their talents & abilities to service their cities

Machiavelli & The Prince Lived in Florence, during a time of violent struggles for political power The Prince -philosophy on governance Most people are selfish &

13 Machiavelli & The Prince Lived in Florence, during a time of violent struggles for political power The Prince -philosophy on governance Most people are selfish & corrupt, so. Is it better to be feared or loved? Feared, b/c the threat of punishment keeps people in line Power more important than Idealism The end justifies the means

14 Castiglione & the Renaissance Man Universal, accomplished in the classics, but also a man of action who could respond to all situations Had to: Speak of serious subjects (not just amusing ones), have a knowledge of Latin & Greek, wellacquainted w/poetry & History, as well as being able to write Prose & Poetry. Castiglione s Renaissance Man represented the very best of Italian Society at this time

15 Castiglione & the Renaissance Man [A gentleman should] speak not always of serious subjects, but also of amusing things such as games and jests and jokes, according to the occasion. He should always of course, speak out fully and frankly and avoid talking nonsense [A gentlewoman should] know how to choose topics suitable for the kind of person she is addressing She should not introduce jests & jokes into a discussion about serious things. She should not [pretend] to know what she does not know, but she should seek modestly to win credit for knowing what she does.

16 Italian Renaissance VS the Northern Renaissance Before 1450, Italian Renaissance & humanism had little influence outside Italy. It was self-contained: had everything it needed (artists/patrons/$) and conditions welcomed artists so they did not travel out to other parts From the late 15th century (1400s) the ideas spread around Europe....eventually making its way toward the North Writers and humanists of the Northern Renaissance were greatly influenced by the Italian Renaissance model and were part of the same intellectual movement... Followed closely by artistic styles Thus Italian Renaissance started it all. then through cultural diffusion spread to the North where they modified to fit their needs

17 Art & Architecture Arts reflected the new humanist spirit Medieval artists focused on religion Renaissance artists depicted things they observed in nature Patrons Financial supporters of artists Wealthy individuals, city governments, Catholic Church Displayed your Power/Stature Development of Perspective Allowed for 3-Dimensional to be painted on Flat Surfaces

19 Renaissance Art VS Medieval Art Topic: Renaissance art focused on the Human Body - Both used Religious themes but in the Middle Ages it was more so Purpose: Renaissance art was commissioned by wealthy families or churches. In the middle Ages, art was primarily used as decoration (usually churches) Style: Renaissance art Human body was beautiful / uses of lighting and shading/ Realism!!!/ a 3D perspective develops. In the middle Ages, art was flat, DARK (coloring) /clothed religious figures Materials Used: Renaissance Oil on canvass and Marble sculptures (& some frescos) Middle Ages- Some oil / mostly tempera paint base/illustrated manuscripts

21 The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles were named after 4 Renaissance Masters

22 Leonardo da Vinci True Representation of a Renaissance Man Could do it all, and did! Painter, writer, inventor, architect, engineer, mathematician, musician & philosopher 20,000 pages w/notes recording his ideas for building an armored tank, flying machine, sketches of human anatomy, designs for the 1 st machine gun Da Vinci s Journal Writing Techinquehttp:// ok_exhibits/leonardo/handwriting/index.html

23 Leonardo da Vinci

24 Mona Lisa

25 Mona Lisa---Who was she?

26 Last Supper

28 Michelangelo Renaissance sculptor who studied human anatomy in an effort to make his statues more lifelike David Pieta Sistine Chapel

29 Pieta-sculpture of Mary, the mother of Jesus, holding her son after his death; themes of grief, love, acceptance & immortality

30 Sistine Chapel About a year after creating David, Pope Julius II summoned Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

31 Creation of Eve Creation of Adam Separation of Light and Darkness The Last Judgment

32 Raphael Renowned painter & architect; The School of Athens-Fresco that shows Plato & Aristotle surrounded by Philosophers from the past and present who were admired by humanists Many paintings of the Madonna, or mother of Jesus

34 Alexander the Great & Socrates Raphael (back) Plato and Aristotle

35 Italian sculptor of the Renaissance. Known for St. George (Sculpture) & Equestrian Statue DONATELLO

36 Jan Van Eyck Jan van Eyck was a Flemish painter- one of the most significant representatives of Early Northern Renaissance art Did a lot of Religious themed paintings

37 Albrecht Durer Albrecht Durer was regarded as the greatest German Renaissance artist. His work includes altarpieces, portraits and self-portraits, engravings, and woodcuts.

38 Desiderius Erasmus Dutch Christian humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance. Originally trained as a Catholic priest Erasmus was an important figure in classical education who wrote in a pure Latin style. But thought the bible should be in Vernacular

39 Sir Thomas More English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a councillor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May Most known for his Book, UTOPIA Utopia is a work of fiction and socio-political satire Utopia tells of a fictional island society and its religious, social, and political customs

English poet, playwright and actor. Shakespeare widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist.

40 English poet, playwright and actor. Shakespeare widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. That is the greatest all time not just during the renaissance Plays include: Romeo & Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth, the Tempest, King Lear.list goes on and on

Other Artists. Raffaello Sanzio, became known as Raphael. Renowned painter, accomplished architect

Other Artists. Raffaello Sanzio, became known as Raphael. Renowned painter, accomplished architect Other Artists Raphael Raffaello Sanzio, became known as Raphael Renowned painter, accomplished architect Most famous work, The School of Athens, fresco painting made on fresh, moist plaster Also well known