Matt Auclair Teaches Selected Moves! Preface by: Gary Chaney Imperial Swing. By: Henry H. Culver, Jr.

Transcription

1 Preface by: Gary Chaney Imperial Swing Matt Auclair Teaches Selected Moves! Instructional DVD Enclosed Dancing By: Henry H. Culver, Jr. Certified Swing Dance Instructor This manual has been reviewed and approved by the WCSDC

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3 Imperial Swing Dancing By: Henry H. Culver, Jr. Certified Swing Dance Instructor Jitterbugs Copyright 1973, 1998 by H. Leon Raper. All Rights Reserved.

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5 v PREFACE IMPERIAL SWING DANCING IS NEAR AND DEAR TO MY HEART, AND I MEAN THAT literally! In retrospect, I would say that over the years, it has fulfilled my every expectation for living a happy and successful life. First and foremost, it gave me my beautiful bride and dance partner Charlotte. We both grew up in the small town of Pevely, Missouri, and we met back in the 1950s when I was just 15 years old. Every week we taught swing dancing together at Teentown in St. Louis. Our Jitterbug style of dance did not become known as the Imperial until early in the 1960s when George Edick hosted Teen Nights every Tuesday at his trendy Club Imperial on West Florissant road in north St. Louis. In 1959 we incorporated a popular swing dance program into the first coed physical education class at Herculaneum High School where we graduated. This June, Charlotte and I will have been married for 44 wonderful years, and she is absolutely the most fantastic person that I have ever known! We were very happy in those carefree, early years, and thanks to swing dancing, our lives together since then have only improved! When we started out dancing, teaching and competing, we thought that we had won life s lottery if we won anything from jelly beans to a $1000 local dance contest. As teenagers, I remember that we both thought that jelly beans were a grand prize, and that a $1000 was all the money in the world. As the decades danced by, Charlotte and I evolved into serious and disciplined competitors. We won 1 st Place in the Southwest Championship in Dallas, Texas; 4 th Place in the U.S. Open Championship in Anaheim, California; 1 st Place in the Missouri State Championship in 1987, and 1 st Place in the Inter-Club Championship held during the 1995 St. Louis Swing Invitational. With some folks, dancing is just a peripheral interest, but with us, other than God, family and country (in that order), dancing is center stage and it energizes and revitalizes our spirits every day. I believe that almost every one of us wants to think that what we do in this world is unconventional and unique, but as I get older, I realize now that there is an overall pattern to our lives, and that my personal journey isn t as unpredictable as I once thought. It has been years since I read Passages by Gail Sheehy, but recently I browsed through a copy of the book and discovered something very interesting. The author divides a person s life into seven phases; apparently, Charlotte and I are now nearing the end of our Deadline Decade, and we are beginning what Sheehy calls our Renewal period. I realize this is probably true because in recent years we have gradually reduced our hectic schedule of deadlines. Our overall enjoyment of Imperial Swing dancing has actually increased as Charlotte and I work more on the personality of the dance instead of the discipline of it. As a matter of fact, I know now, without any doubt, that we are entering the Renewal phase of our lives because while we were conducting one of our many out-of-town workshops recently, I had to smile because I realized that Charlotte and I are once again working for the equivalent of jelly beans and loving every moment of it! Swing dancing has enriched our lives for over fifty years and it has given us more than we can ever give back. We have performed our tandem routine around the country more than 300 times and in the process, we have met hundreds of new friends. Charlotte and I have worked hard as a team for a lifetime to develop our skills; however, during the past several years, our public performances have shifted more and more towards demonstrating the humorous personality of swing dancing rather than the flawless execution of its technicalities. Expressed another way, we enjoy the fun and funky allure of the Imperial, and we want to share the dance with as many people as possible.

6 vi In the entertainment world, the difference between a comic and a comedian is that a comic says funny things and a comedian says things funny. This axiom also applies to swing dancing. If a person uses the ole monkey see, monkey do, rote approach to learning how to dance by rehearsing different patterns again and again, then he will become a well-rehearsed dancer; however, if he takes the time to break down each pattern into its component moves, then he will become a knowledgeable dancer who can integrate those moves into many other patterns. Charlotte and I are able to perform our humorous routines or tricks, as we sometimes call them, because our knowledge of the dance gives us a lot of versatility in the selection of the moves that we demonstrate. Although our patterns incorporate many different hand and body leads, we always tell our students: never forget that dancing is footwork! Or, as our good friend Willie Santacruz aptly expresses it: use your feet to keep the timing of the music and use your body to interpret the rhythm of the song. That said, Charlotte and I also believe that if you and your partner are both having fun, even though you are inexperienced and just practicing the basics of the Imperial, then you two are the best dancers on the floor! It is said that a swing dancer is: a twist of color on the tweed surface of life, so if you want to look cool then buy a zoot suit and go put a long feather in your hat; however, if you want to dance cool, then bite your lower lip, check your ego at the door, and go take Basic, swing dance lessons. Some students regrettably never make it past their introductory class because they forget that the word dance has a lot to do with their feet! Successful dancers understand that they need to invest the time, the effort, and yes, the energy necessary to become proficient. Once they make that commitment, then they are rewarded beyond their wildest expectations. The bottom line is that if you want to become an accomplished dancer then you must take the basic classes and learn the fundamentals. Although all of the Imperial clubs in the St. Louis area are working very hard to educate their students at every skill level, they can always use innovative new training materials, and I suggest that they take a close look at Skip Culver s impressive new manual which is appropriately entitled: Imperial Swing Dancing. What Skip has accomplished is truly remarkable because Imperial Swing Dancing is the first dance manual that I have ever read that actually reads like a book. Although he includes colorful historical information about the Imperial style of swing, and he introduces the reader to all of the dance terminology being currently taught in the St. Louis area, what impresses me the most about his manual is how clearly he describes all of the different moves. The thirteen-page index at the back of this comprehensive, 450-page manual, describes over eight hundred moves, and from the meticulous way it is written, I know that I could learn to dance from reading it! When I first read through his manual, I paid particular attention to those patterns that Charlotte and I teach, and I am very pleased that he describes each integral part of every pattern, move by move just as I do in my workshops. Based on the uncomplicated way that Skip presents the many technicalities of the Imperial to his readers, he has learned what I always preach to my students: If you break dancing down into its fundamentals, you can go left, you can go right, you can go up or you can go down; there are no complex dance patterns, there is just a string of simple moves put together. As the president of the American Bop Association, I will continue to do my very best to promote our unique, St. Louis style of swing by demonstrating by its fun personality to dancers when Charlotte and I travel around the country and teach our workshops. We are not exaggerating when we praise Imperial Swing Dancing as being a great dance manual. This valuable text preserves many of the best Imperial moves for posterity and we have no doubt that future swing dancers will learn the dance from reading it! Gary and Charlotte Chaney

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9 xiii TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface by Gary Chaney... v Author s Comments... ix Foreword by Matt Auclair... xxiii Introduction Swing Dance Definitions... 1 The Devil is Not in the Details!... 2 Basic I Basic Footwork and Weight Distribution The Closed Position Basic Step... 5 Turning Basic Step... 6 Glideaway (Woman Glides Away)... 6 Breakaway (Man Breaks Away)... 6 Tuck and Turns Traveling Basic Step (with a Tuck )... 8 Tuck and Release Caught-in-Cage Defining Closed Position Turns Underarm Turns Traveling Exit (Opposing Underarm Turns into the Open Position) Inside Turns The Open Position Leads and Turns Patty-Cakes Tap n Go Crossovers She Goes / He Goes Push n Turn (Basic) Shoulder Catches Caught-in-Cage (In-Place Shoulder Catches) Imperial Swing Wraps (Introduction) Neck Wraps Shoulder Wraps Sweetheart Wrap Waist Wraps Body Wraps Hammerlock Wrap (Woman s Catch n Push / Pull ) Mirror Turns In-Place Lateral Glide... 26

10 xiv Barrel Rolls Lunge (Left Hand or Two-Hand Lead) Pass-By ( Shake Hand Lead into a Left Hand Lead) Crossover with a Two-Hand Pick-Up (into a Left Over Right Hand Lead) Behind the Back Hand Pick-Up (from an In-Place Turn) Over-the-Head, Behind the Back (into a Hand Pick-Up or a Duck-Around) Single Head Loop (or Arm Curl ) The Waterfall (Basic) Returns to the Closed Position Basic Returns Pass-By Return Basic II The Second Basic Four Closed Tunnels Imperial Walk Hully Gully Swivels Spins Footwork Rhythms and Music Timing Basic III Swing Dance Hand-Leads Selected Moves that Lead into Different Leads How Hand-Leads Relate to Footwork Rhythms and Breaksteps The Closed Position Basic Step (with an Elastic Lead) and Turning Basic Step (with a Slide) Glideaways Circular Walk into a Push-Around (with a Double Spin-Out) Come-Arounds Woman s Inside Turns Stick Arm Inside Roll-Out Woman s Inside / Outside Twirls Man s Inside Turns She Goes / He Goes She Spins / He Spins Inside Out Toss-Backs Tuck Turns (Classic) Tuck and Turns Tuck-Around Moves Tuck into Mirror Turns Tuck and Returns Tuck and Reverses

11 xv Tuck into a Cross-Slot, Upper Arm Catch (into a Walk ) Tuck into Shoulder and Hip Catches Tuck and Releases Neck Wraps Sweetheart Wraps Flip-Flops Discus Throw-Out The Open Position Pivoting Basic Step (with a Slide) Cross Hand Slide Reverse Breakaways Catch n Pushes into a Tuck and Turn Catch n Pull into an Underarm Turn (with a Back Pass ) One-Hand Tuck and Turns Two-Hand Tuck and Turns Backwards Lariot Tuck and Turn (Double Step Footwork Rhythm) Tuck with a Hand Change Tuck and Pushes Crossovers Crossover Slides and Slide-Backs Two-Hand Crossover (into a Left Hand Lead) Crossover versus a Pass-by Pass-bys She Goes / He Goes He Goes / She Goes Push-Around Turns Imperial Swing Wraps (Review) Traditional Neck Wraps versus Reverse Neck Wraps Neck Wraps , 129 Double Neck Wraps Reverse Neck Wraps , 130 Backwards Reverse Neck Wrap (into a Left Arm Waist Wrap) Woman s Come-Arounds Man s Come-Arounds Throw-Outs and Throw-Arounds Hammerlock Neck Wraps Shoulder Wrap versus Neck Wrap Shoulder Wraps Right Shoulder Throw-Out (into a Left Arm Shoulder Wrap) Hammerlock Pull-Around into Shoulder Wraps Pull-Around into the Ballroom Turns Stance (into a Double Spin-Out) Double Shoulder Wraps Shoulder Catches Shoulder Rolls Woman s Waist Wraps Woman s Flat Back Pull-Arounds

12 xvi Man s Waist Wrap Sweetheart Wraps Open Sweetheart Wraps Alternation Sweetheart Side-by-Sides Sweetheart Wrap (Exits) Six-Count Body Wraps Eight-Count Body Wraps Body Presses Wrap Exits (for Neck, Shoulder and Waist Wraps) Hammerlock Hug Hammerlock Wraps Man s Hammerlock Wraps Hammerlock Push-Backs Open (or Common) Tunnels Half Open Tunnels Barrel Roll versus Twist and Turn The Chamblin Twist (a Twist and Turn) Barrel Roll Half-Barrel Roll Moving Barrel Roll Half-Moving Barrel Roll Selection of Basic III Patterns Tornado Overhead Whirlwind Arm-Catches The Ballerina Maneuver The Six-Count and Eight-Count Basketball Head Loop (Comments) and Single Head Loop The Waterfall The Starburst The Satellite Hammerlock Hug Pinwheel Returns to the Closed Position Single Head Loop (or Arm Curl Return) Waterfall Return Crank and Piston Return Double Head Loop Return Woman s Come-Around Return Duck-Around Turn Returns Return to Basic (from a Hammerlock Wrap ) Return to Basic (from the Presentation Position ) Waist Turn Returns Bring Back Turn Return Catch n Switch Turn Return Back Hand, Shake Hand Returns to Basic Sweetheart Returns

13 xvii Intermediate Breaksteps (or Rocksteps) Alternative Breaksteps Alternative Breaksteps Sidebreaks versus Breaksteps Imperial Break versus Front Breakstep Front Breakstep Pattern Stop and Go (into a Front Breakstep) Stylized Steps Basic Foot Sweeps Kick, Ball, Change The Coaster Step The Point Step The Anchor Step The Touch Step The Tap (or Shuffle) Step Underarm Turn-Around The Lateral Sugar Push Sugar Foot Steps Circular Grapevine Hand Press The Sailor Step Pass-Around Pull-Back Rockstep Slide (or Sailor Slide ) Strut Slide Forward Freeze Hip Toss The Willie Shuffle The Boss The Helicopter The Heel Roll Rest or Think Steps Elbow(s) In and Over Elbow-In Turns and Spins Arm Slides The Windmill Pinwheel Side-to-Side Rest Steps Grapevine Rest Step Hammerlock Rock-a-bye Wraps Waist Wraps Opposed Hammerlock Wraps Reverse Opposed Hammerlock Wraps Trailing Opposed Hammerlock Wrap

14 xviii Snap Wraps Back-to-Back Spin-Out (from Opposing Pretzel Leads) Lateral (or Side-to-Side) Hammerlock Wraps Sweetheart Wrap / Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Series Moving Wraps Moving Up-Yours (into a Man s and then a Woman s Neck Wrap) Moving Sweetheart Wrap Roll-Outs / Roll-Ins, Yo-Yos and Jelly Rolls Roll-Throughs Hammerlock Roll-Around Rotating Hammerlock Wraps Dips Hammerlock Dips Set-Up Positions and Transitions One-Hand Presentation Position versus a One-Hand Open-Out One-Hand (or Open) Presentation Positions Wax On Wax Off Two-Hand (or Closed) Presentation Positions Two-Hand Open-Out versus an Arm-Pop Up-Yours Positions The Window (entry into the Stationary Cha Cha ) Goal post Positions Slingshot Position T and L (Alphabet) Positions Parallel Positions Front Parallel Positions Back Parallel Position Side-by-Sides Side-by-Side Position versus Parallel Position Left Side-by-Side Position Entries Right Side-by-Side Position Entries Scuff and Hook Side-to-Sides Side-to-Side versus Side-by-Side Side-to-Sides Illusion Turns Tuck and Turn (Illusion Turn) Crossover Slide-Back (a Side-to-Side Illusion Turn) Neck Wrap (Illusion Turns) Sweetheart Wrap (Illusion Turns) Overhead and Chest Level, Outside, Illusion Turns

15 xix Outside Spin (Illusion Turn) Opposed Hammerlock (Illusion Turn) Double Tunnels (Illusion Turn) Rolling Shoulder Wrap (Illusion Turns) Stick Arm (Illusion Turns) Underarm Catch Return (Illusion Turn) Whips Six-Count Whips Basket Whip (into a Man s Duck-Under) Eight-Count Whips Eight-Count Body Wrap (One-Hand) Three-Wall Lindy Ten-Count Whip (into a Cross-Slot Prance ) Fakes Shoulder Fakes Sweetheart Wrap Fakes Bookend Fakes (from a Sweetheart Wrap) Fake into the Basketball (into a Strut ) Closed Tunnel (or Texas Tunnel) Fake Pass-By Fakes Hammerlock Fake Opposed Hammerlock Fake (and Trailing Opposed Hammerlock Fake) Hammerlock Strut Fakes Walks (or Struts) Frequently Asked Questions Hammerlock Walk: Entries Hammerlock Walk: Stance and Footwork Hammerlock Walk: Turns Hammerlock Walk: Exits Additional Imperial Swing Walks (including Ballroom Turns) Ballroom Turns Peek-a-Boos Peek-a-Boos (from a Sweetheart Wrap) Opposed Hammerlock Wrap (into Sweetheart Peek-a-Boos ) Hammerlock Peek-a-Boos (using Shake Hand and Shake and Wrist Leads) Hammerlock Peek-a-Boos (with an Exit into a Waterfall ) Free Turn Peek-a-Boos (with Alternating Shake Hand and Off-Hand Leads) Neck Wrap Peek-a-Boos Banana Splits with a Peek-a-Boo Returns to the Closed Position Imperial Break Return (into a Tuck and Turn) Quick Whip Return (with a Shuffle Step) Eight-Count Whip into an Underarm Catch Return

16 xx Beyond Intermediate Putting the Levels of Swing Dancing into Perspective The Teachability Index Leads and Styling Leads (an Additional Perspective) Style by Syncopation (Comment) Imperial Swing Makeover Selection of Beyond Intermediate Patterns Over-the-Head, Behind-the-Back Syncopation Move Body Isolation Move Syncopated Crossover Entry into Pass-Bys Overhead, Leveraged Turns Dallas 21 Card Shuffle (Series of Catches, Wraps and Turns) Backwards Crossovers Backwards Shoulder Wraps (from a Whip with a Cross-Slot Push-Out ) Sunrise Pull-Around (into a Spin-Out) Lasso Turn into the Open Position Spin into a Pogo Stick (with a Two Spin Reversal) The Bow and Arrow The Jackie Chan Single-Backs Double-Backs Crazy Arms (or Reverse Double-Back Turns) Backwards Open Tunnel (with a Sweetheart Wrap Exit) The Washing Machine The Spin Cycle The Straight Jacket The Reverse Straight Jacket The Butterfly (into a Side-to-Side) Windows / Reverse Windows Combo Royston s Twist The Knot Imperial Swing a la Southern Style Introduction The Crazy Foot Shuffle Pause Step Shag Coaster Step Funky AppleJack Applejack Glide Mexican Hand Turns Cha Cha Swing Cha Cha Swivels and Cha Cha Walk Salsa Strut (from a Snap Wrap) The Eight-Count Mambo Whip

17 xxi In Summary In Summary A Parting Thought Append ices Sample Basic I Class (Appendix A)... A-3 Taking Dance Notes (Appendix B)... A-9 Mad Hatter Theory of Dance Lessons (Appendix C)... A-11 The Ambiguous Turn (Appendix D)... A-13 Dancing Centered (Appendix E)... A-15 Dance Floor Etiquette (Appendix F)... A-17 History of Imperial Swing (Appendix G)... A-19 Stationary Cha Cha (Appendix H)... A-23 Index... A-25 A-37 Hit a Grand Slam Homer by Learning How to Imperial Swing Dance (Cardinal infielder, Albert Pujols, hits the game winning home run at Busch Stadium on Easter, Photo by Skip Culver) Order Form Comment from the Wizard of Swing Matt and Crystal Auclair s Basic through Advanced level Imperial Swing Course. ( The DVD includes rare, archival film of the Club Imperial titled: Party Time)

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19 A-25 Index Alternating Sweetheart Side-by-Sides, 158 Alternating Shoulder Catches, 19 Alternating Waist Wraps (from a Neck Wrap), 144 Alternative Swivels Footwork (for Women Only), 44 Alternative Breaksteps, 205 Ambiguous Turn, A-13 Anchor Step, 213 And (See: It Depends Upon What Is Is), 4 Applejack Glide, 374 Arm Slide ("Shake Hand" and Back Hand "Shake Hand" Lead Crossovers), 222 Arm Slide (from an Inside Turn), 222 Arm Slide (with a Twist Out ), 221 Arm Slide (with an Initial Half-Turn), 221 Arm-Catch (from a Mirror Push-Back), 187 Arm-Catch (from a Tuck and Turn), 187 Arm-Catch (into Circular Grapevine),187 Arm-Catch Reversal (to Side-to-Side), 186 Around the World Slide-Back Illusion, 281 Back Hand Duo (Side-to-Side Neck Wraps), 132 Back Hand, Shake Hand Return to Basic Version #1, Version #2,199 Back Parallel Position, 268 Back Pass (into Cross-Hand Open-Up), 292 Back-to-Back Spin-Out (from Opposing Pretzel Leads), 241 Backwards Open Tunnel (with a Sweetheart Wrap Exit), 363 Backwards Crossover (Closed Position Entry), 354 Backwards Crossover (into Alternating Shoulder / Forearm Catches), 355 Backwards Crossover (Open Position Entry), 354 Backwards "Lariot," 89 Backwards Reverse Neck Wrap (into a Left Arm Waist Wrap), 120 Backwards Roll-In / Roll-Out (from a 'Chase Sequence Walk'), 326 Backwards Shoulder Wrap (from a Whip with a Cross-Slot Push-Out ), 356 Ballerina Maneuver, 188 Ballroom Turns, 338 Banana Split (with a Duck-Under), 326 Banana Splits with a Peek-a-Boo, 341 Banana Split with a Peek-a-Boo (from a Body Wrap), 342 Banana Split with a Peek-a-Boo (from a Rev. Opposed Hammerlock Wrap ), 342 Banana Split with a Peek-a-Boo (from a Sweetheart Wrap ), 342 Banana Split with a Peek-a-Boo (from a Two-Hand Crossover), 341 Banana Split with a Peek-a-Boo (from a Two-Hand Tuck and Turn), 341 Banana Split with a Peek-a-Boo (from Woman s Come-Around Turn), 342 Banana Split with a Peek-a-Boo (from Woman s Underarm Turn), 342 Barrel Roll (Left Hand Lead), 26 Barrel Roll (Two-Hand Lead), 27 Barrel Roll (Extended Right Hand Lead),181 Barrel Roll (with a Stand-Behind Spin into a Half Open Tunnel ), 182 Barrel Roll (using a Right Hand Lead with and without a Crossover), 181 Barrel Roll versus a Twist and Turn," 180 Basic Return, 29 Basic Step (Elastic Lead and Turning), 5, 61 Basic Step (Pivoting: with a Slide), 84 Basic Step (Triple Step Footwork), 3 Basketball (Closed Position),188 Basketball (with a Man s Duck-Under), 190 Basketball (Open Position), 188 Basketball (with an Arm-Catch), 189 Basketball (without an Arm-Catch), 189 Behind-the-Back Hand Pick-Up (from a Basic Crossover), 28 Behind-the-Back Hand Pick-Up (from an In-Place Turn), 28 Body Isolation Move, 351 Body Press into a "Basketball" (with a One Turn Spin-Out), 168 Body Press (Left Breakstep Entry), 168 Body Press (Right Sidebreak Entry), 168 Body Wrap (Basic), 24 Body Wrap and Shoulder Pickup (into a Neck Wrap), 160 Body Wrap Entry (into a Neck Wrap Throw-Out Series), 167 Body Wrap (into a Double Body Wrap), 163 Body Wrap (into a Walk ), 329 Body Wrap (into a Forward Breakstep), 160 Body Wrap into a Throw-Out (into a Neck Wrap or Waist Wrap), 164

20 A-26 Body Wrap into a Reverse Neck Wrap (with "Throw-Out" into Other Wraps), 165 Body Wrap (Man's: with a Woman s Come- Around), 160 Body Wrap (Eight-Count Body Wrap, One-Hand), 162, 306 Body Wrap (Six-Count, "Mid-West Coast" Style), 161 Body Wrap (Six-Count Body Wrap), 159 Body Wrap (Eight-Count Body Wrap, Two- Hand), 162 Body Wrap (with Left Hand Pull-Back), 167 Body Wrap (with Two-Hands on Waist after a Crossover), 160 Body Wraps (Woman s Consecutive: into a Man s Body Wrap), 161 Body Wrap (Woman's: with a Man s Come- Around), 159 Boogie Breakstep (with an optional Boogie Walk ), 207 Boogie Swivels, 44 Bookend Fakes (from a Sweetheart Wrap), 310 Boss, 219 Bow and Arrow, 359 Breakaway (Man Breaks Away), 6 Breaksteps (or Rocksteps), 203 Bring Back Turn Return (with a Shake Hand Lead), 198 Butterfly (into a Side-to-Side), 367 Catapult Crossover, 95 Catch n Pull into an Underarm Turn (with a Back Pass ), 86 Catch n Push or a Shoulder Catch (Basic), 17 Catch 'n Push (Hammerlock), 18 Catch n Pushes into a Tuck and Turn, 85 Catch n Switch Turn Return (with a Shake Hand Lead), 199 Caught-in-Cage, 9 Caught-in-Cage (In-Place Shoulder Catches), 20 Caught-in-Cage (into a Neck Wrap), 10 Cha-Cha Swing, 374 Cha-Cha Swivels and Walk, 375 Chamblin Twist, 180 Cheater s Turn (into the Double Up-Yours Position), 265 Circular Grapevine (from a Two-Hand Barrel Roll), 215 Circular Waist Wrap (with a Woman s "Come-Around ), 224 Circular Walk into a Push-Around (with a Double Spin-Out), 62 Closed Position and Slot, 3 Closed Position Hand-Leads, 51 Closed Position Turns (Comment), 10 Closed Tunnels or Texas Tunnels (Comment), 33 Closed Tunnel Fake or Texas Tunnel Fake (with a Double Spin-out), 312 Closed Tunnels (Man Tunnels ), 35 Closed Tunnels (Woman Tunnels ), 34 Coaster Step, 212 Come-Around Moves (Comment), 120 Come-Around (Man's: Comment), 126 Come-Around (Man's), 126 Come-Around (Man's: from a Back Pass with Turns), 126 Come-Around (Man's: Neck Wrap into Neck Wrap), 127 Come-Around (Man's: with a Woman s Spin-Out), 62 Come-Around with a Throw-Out (Man's: into a Neck or Waist Wrap), 129 Come-Around (Woman's Clockwise: with a Man s Waist Wrap), 124 Come-Around (Woman's CC into a Sweetheart Wrap Combo), 124 Come-Around (Woman's CC into a Baby- Doll Combo with a "Half-Fan"), 124 Come-Around (Woman's: into a Shake Hand Lead), 62 Come-Around (Woman's: into a Circular Neck Wrap), 123 Come-Around (Woman's: into a Left Arm Neck Wrap), 121 Come-Around (Woman's: into a Right Arm Neck Wrap), 122 Come-Around (Woman's: into a Left Arm Waist Wrap), 122 Come-Around (Woman's: into a Right Arm Waist Wrap), 123 Come-Around (Woman's: into Waist, Neck and Opposed Hammerlock Wraps), 125 Come-Around (Woman's: with a Hand- Release), 120 Come-Around Turn (Woman's: entry into the Stationary Cha Cha ), 125 Come-Around with a Throw-Out (Woman's: into a Neck Wrap ), 128 Come Around (Woman's: Return), 197 Consecutive Neck Wraps (using a Come-Around Exit), 118 Consecutive Waist Wraps (from Waist to Hammerlock to Waist), 225 Consecutive Waist Wraps (Waist Wrap into a Waist Wrap), 24, 224

21 A-27 Continuous Sweetheart Wrap, 154 Crank and Piston Return (with a Head Loop into the Closed Position), 196 Crazy Arms (or Reverse Double Back Turns), 362 Crazy Foot Shuffle, 372 Cross Hand Slide, 84 Cross-Hand Shoulder Catch (from the Open Presentation Position), 142 Crossover (Comment), 14 Crossover (into a Shoulder Pull ), 92 Crossover (into a Sailor Slide), 96 Crossover (with a Man's Duck-Under), 93 Crossover (with a Man's Duck-Under into a Shake Hand Lead), 93 Crossover (Man s Underarm Turn with Woman on his Right Side), 15 Crossover (Man s Underarm Turn with Woman on his Left Side), 16 Crossover (with Two, Inside Turns and a Man s Underarm Turn ), 92 Crossover Slide-Back (a Side-to-Side Illusion Turn), 279 Crossover Slide-Back Version #1 (with a Shoulder or Waist Push), 96 Crossover Slide-Back Version #2 (with a Back-Hand Shoulder Push), 97 Crossover Fake (with a Shoulder Push), 95 Crossover Slide, 96 Crossover Turn (into a Tuck Under and Around ), 91 Crossover Variations, 14 Crossover versus a Pass-by, 99 Crossover with a Forearm Catch (into a Double Spin-Out), 92 Crossover with a One-Hand Pick-Up (into a Shake Hand Lead), 16 Crossover with a Two-Hand Lead (into a Left Hand Lead), 98 Crossover with a Two-Hand Pick-Up (into a Left Hand Over Right Hand Lead), 28 Crossover with a Two-Hand Pick-Up (into a Two-Hand Lead), 16 Crossover with Two, Inside Turns, 91 Crossover (Woman s Inside Turn), 15 Crossover (Woman Turns on Man s Left Side), 15 Crossover (Basic: Woman Turns on Man s Right Side), 14 Dallas 21 Card Shuffle (Series of Catches, Wraps and Turns), 352 Dance Floor Etiquette, A-17 Dancing "Centered," A-15 Discus Throw-Out, 84 Double-Backs (into a Reverse Opposed Hammerlock Wrap), 362 Double-Backs (Two-Hand Lead with Two Back-Unders ), 362 Double Head Loop Return (with an Arm-Slide ), 196 Double Neck Wrap (Comment), 114 Double Neck Wrap (from a Two-Hand Tuck and Turn), 117 Double Neck Wrap Version #1 (from Two- Hand Crossover), 115 Double Neck Wrap Version #2 (from Two- Hand, In-Place Turn), 115 Double Neck Wrap Version #3 (from a Woman s Come-Around), 116 Double Shake Crossover, 94 Double Shoulder Wrap (Comment), 139 Double Shoulder Wrap (into "Neck Swivels"), 140 Double Tunnels (Illusion Turn), 285 Double Up-Yours (or "Reverse Window") Position, 264 Double, Right Hand Combo (into Suspenders ), 140 Duck-Around Turn Return (with a Neck Curl), 197 Elbow (and Elbows) In and Over, 220 Elbow-In Spin (Woman Spins), 221 Elbow-In Turns (He Goes / She Goes), 221 Extended Anchor Step, 213 Fake into the Basketball (into a Strut), 311 Flat Back Pull-Arounds (Woman's: with and without a Duck-Under ), 146, 147 Flip-Flops, 83 Footwork Rhythms (Triple, Double and Single Step), 46 Foot Flairs and Sweeps, 211, 212 Forward Freeze Step, 218 Free Turn Peek-a-Boos (with Alternating Shake Hand and Off-Hand leads), 340 Frequently Asked Questions (about Imperial Swing Walks ), 315 Front Breakstep Pattern (using the Basic Step and Front Parallel Entries), 207 Front Parallel Position, 267 Front Parallel Position Entry #1 (from the Closed Position), 267 Front Parallel Position Entry #2 (from the Man s Underarm Turn), 267 Front Parallel Position Entry #3 (from an Inside Turn), 268 Front Parallel Position Entry #4 (using a Left Hand Lead), 268

22 A-28 Front Parallel Position Entry #5 (using a Left Over Right Hand Lead), 268 Funky Applejack, 373 Glideaway (with both a Forward and a Forward, Forward Breakstep), 61 Glideaway (with a Hand Pick-Up), 61 Glideaway (Woman Glides Away), 6 Goal post Position (Man's), 266 Goal post Position (Woman's), 265 Grapevine Rest Step, 223 Half Open Tunnels Entry #1 (from an Opposed Hammerlock Wrap), 178 Half Open Tunnels Entry #2 (from a Hammerlock Wrap), 178 Half Open Tunnels Exit #1 (into a Reverse Opposed Hammerlock Wrap), 179 Half Open Tunnels Exit #2 (with a Half- Turn ), 179 Half Open Tunnels Exit #3 (with a Walk ), 179 Half Open Tunnels (Back-to-Back) Exit #4 (with a Snap Wrap ), 179 Half Open Tunnels (Back-to-Back) Exit #5 (into a Man s Waist Wrap ), 180 Half Open Tunnels (Back-to-Back) Exit #6 (with a Single-Back Turn), 180 Half of a Moving Barrel Roll (into a Woman s Spin-Out), 183 Half-Barrel Roll (Clockwise into a Left Arm, Waist Wrap), 182 Half-Barrel Roll (Counterclockwise into a Right Arm, Waist Wrap), 183 Half-Barrel Roll (into an Opposed Hammerlock Wrap), 183 Hammerlock Dip (from a Crossover into a Shake Hand Lead), 257 Hammerlock Dip (from a Waist Wrap), 257 Hammerlock Fake, 314 Hammerlock Hug, 171 Hammerlock Hug (into a Duck Under), 171 Hammerlock Neck Wrap (from a Left Arm Neck Wrap), 133 Hammerlock Neck Wrap (into a Neck Wrap Series), 134 Hammerlock Pass-by, 103 Hammerlock Pass-by (from Walk ), 104 Hammerlock Pass-by (into an Opposed Hammerlock Wrap), 105 Hammerlock Pass-by (into an Extended Cross Hand Lead), 105 Hammerlock Pass-by (with a Woman s Underarm Turn), 104 Hammerlock Peek-a-Boos (using Shake Hand and "Shake and Wrist" Leads), 340 Hammerlock Peek-a-Boos Exit (into a "Waterfall"), 340 Hammerlock Pull-Around into a Shoulder Wrap (with and without a Crossover), 138 Hammerlock Push-Back(s), 174 Hammerlock Rock-a-bye, 223 Hammerlock Roll-Around, 256 Hammerlock Satellite, 195 Hammerlock Shoulder Catch (also called a Hammerlock Catch 'n Push / Pull), 28 Hammerlock Strut Fakes, 308, 315 Hammerlock Walk or "Strut", 316 Hammerlock Walk Entry #1 (from an Woman s Inside Turn ), 316 Hammerlock Walk Entry #2 (from a Two- Hand Tuck and Turn ), 317 Hammerlock Walk Entry #3 (using a Shake Hand Lead), 317 Hammerlock Walk Entry #4 (using a Left Over Right Hand Lead), 318 Hammerlock Walk Entry #5 (using a Right Over Left Hand Lead), 318 Hammerlock Walk Entry #6 (from a Sweetheart Wrap ), 318 Hammerlock Walk Entry #7 (from a Body Wrap ), 318 Hammerlock Walk Entry #8 (from a Hammerlock Pass-by ), 319 Hammerlock Walk Entry #9 (from the Left Side T Position), 319 Hammerlock Walk Entry #10 (from a Forward Break ), 319 Hammerlock Walk Entry #11 (from a Barrel Roll ), 320 Hammerlock Walk Entry #12 (from the Left Side Parallel Position), 320 Hammerlock Walk Entry #13 (Inside Turn with a Snap-Wrap or a Whip-In ), 321 Hammerlock Walk (from "Tunnel" Exit), 327 Hammerlock Walk (Woman on Left), 321 Hammerlock Walk (Woman on Right), 322 Hammerlock Walk: Stance and Footwork (Comment), 321 Hammerlock Walk (with Waist Level, "Pull Around" Turns), 322 Hammerlock Walk (Underarm Turns), 324 Hammerlock Walk Exit #1 (Woman on the Left Side), 325 Hammerlock Walk Exit #2 (Woman on the Right Side), 325 Hammerlock Wrap (from the Closed Position with an Inside Turn), 171, 172 Hammerlock Wrap (from Turns with an Overhead Pickup ), 173

23 A-29 Hammerlock Wrap (Man's: from a Basic Crossover), 173 Hammerlock Wrap (Man's: from a Left Hand Hammerlock Wrap ), 174 Hammerlock Wrap (Man's: into a Duck- Under ), 173 Hammerlock Wrap (Woman s: into a Catch n Push / Pull ), 25 Hammerlock Wrap Version #1 (into a Left Arm Waist Wrap), 172 Hammerlock Wrap Version #2 (into a Left Arm Waist Wrap), 172 Hand Leads (Comments), 51, 60 Hand Press, 216 Hand-Exchange Walk (from a Left Over Right Hand Pretzel Lead), 329 He Goes / She Goes (from a Right Over Left Hand Lead), 110 He Goes / She Goes Neck Wraps (from a Two-Hand Crossover), 117 Head Loop (Comment), 191 Heel Roll, 220 Heels and Go Anchor Step, 213 Heels and Go Breakstep, 206 Helicopter, 220 Hesitation Crossover, 95 High Lead Push-Off, 18 Hip-Toss (Stylized Basic Step), 218 History of Imperial Swing, A-19 Hitch n Go Breakstep, 206 Hully Gully (Comment), 39 Hully Gully Grapevine (Man Positioned In Front of his Partner), 43 Hully Gully Grapevine (without Hooking a Foot), 42 Hully Gully Accelerated Grapevine, 42 Hully Gully Entry #1 (Shake Hand Lead), 40 Hully Gully Entry #2 ( She Goes / He Goes ), 40 Hully Gully Entry #3 ( He Goes / She Goes ), 40 Hully Gully Entry #4 (Inside Turn with a Snap-Wrap or Whip-In ), 41 Hully Gully Entry #5 (from a Front Breakstep), 41 Hully Gully Entry #6 ( Matador and Cape ), 41 Hully Gully Footwork ( Grapevine Footwork), 41 Hustle Break, 206 Imperial Break Return (into a Tuck and Turn), 343 Imperial Break versus Front Break (Comment), 207 Imperial Swing Wraps (Introduction), 20 Imperial Swing Wraps (Review), 112 Imperial Swing a la Southern Style, 371 Imperial Swing Breaksteps, 203 Imperial Swing Makeover, 349 Imperial Walk Entry #1 (with an Open or Closed Position Half-Turn), 36 Imperial Walk Entry #2 (She Goes / He Goes), 37 Imperial Walk Entry #3 (Traveling Basic), 37 Imperial Walk Entry #4 (with a Whip), 37 Imperial Walk Exits, 38, 39 Imperial Walk Footwork, 37, 38 In-Place Swivels, 43 Inside Out, 67 Inside / Outside "Twirls" (Woman's), 64 Inside Return (One-Hand Lead), 30 Inside Return (Two-Hand Lead), 30 Inside Turn (Man s), 12 Inside Turn (Man's: Classic Style), 65 Inside Turn (Man's: with Shoulder Push), 65 Inside Turn (Man's: Woman Steps In-Place), 65 Inside Turn (Woman s), 12 Inside Turn (Woman's: Classic Style), 63 Inside Turns (Woman s Consecutive: Classic Style), 63 Jackie Chan (or "Bread and Butter") 360 Kick, Ball Change (Moving), 210 Kick, Ball, Change (Circular), 210 Kick, Ball, Change (In-Place), 209 Kick, Ball, Change (into Foot Sweeps and a Flair ), 211 Kick, Ball, Change (into Foot Sweeps or Rondes ), 211 Knot (from a Double Neck Wrap ), 116 Knot (Advanced), 370 L Position (Left Side), 266 L Position (Right Side), 266 Lasso Turn into the Open Position, 358 Lateral Hammerlock Wraps, 242 Lateral Glide, 26 Lateral Glide Crossover (with a Man s Back-Pass ), 92 Lateral Shoulder Wraps (with Opposing Spin-backs ), 138 Lateral Sugar Push, 214 Lateral Waist Wrap (with Spin-back Entry), 224 Leads (an Additional Perspective), 348 Leads and Turns (Comment), 12 Left Arm Waist Wrap (from a Behind-the Back Pull-Around), 149 Left Arm Waist Wrap (from a Sweetheart Wrap ), 148

24 A-30 Left Arm Waist Wrap (from a Reverse Neck Wrap), 149 Left Arm Waist Wrap (from a Right Arm Waist Wrap with a Duck-Under), 148 Left Arm Waist Wrap (from Half-Turn, Mirror Turn and a Spin-back ), 149 Left Arm Waist Wrap (into a Hammerlock Hug ), 148 Left Shoulder Barrel Roll (Two-Hand Lead), 182 Left Side-by-Side Position Entry #1 (from an Straight Arm Pass-By"), 269 Left Side-by-Side Position Entry #2 (from a Left Over Right Hand Lead"), 269 Left Side-by-Side Position Entry #3 (from a Right Over Left Hand Lead"), 270 Left Side-by-Side Position Entry #4 (from an "Opposed Hammerlock Wrap"), 270 Left Side-by-Side Position Entry #5 (from a Neck or Waist Wrap), 270 Low Lead Push-Off, 18 Lunge (Left Hand or Two-Hand Lead), 27 Mad Hatter Theory of Dance, A-11 Mario s Hustle to Swing Move, 336, 337 Mexican Hand Turns, 374 Mirror Turns In-Place, 25 Morse Code of Footwork Rhythms, 48 Moving (Closed) Sweetheart Wrap with Yo-Yos, 248 Moving (Open) Sweetheart Wrap with Yo-Yos, 249 Moving (or Rolling) Shoulder Wrap, 265 Moving Sweetheart Illusion Turn, 281 Moving Up-Yours (into a Man s and then a Woman s Neck Wrap), 244 Moving Barrel Roll, 183 Moving Left Arm Waist Wrap (Both Dancers Turn), 150 Moving Sweetheart Walk, 330 Moving Sweetheart Wrap, 244 Moving Sweetheart Wrap (into a Neck Wrap), 245 Moving Sweetheart Wrap (with a Hip Catch and Hip Fakes ), 245 Moving Sweetheart Wrap (with a Hip Catch and a Waist Fake ), 247 Moving Sweetheart Wrap (with a Lunge, Fake, Body Wrap and a Walk), 331 Moving Sweetheart Wrap (with a Lunge, Slide, Fake and Whip), 254 Moving Sweetheart Wrap with Yo-Yos Version #1 (into Roll-Throughs ), 252 Moving Sweetheart Wrap with Yo-Yos Version #2 (into Roll-Throughs ), 253 Moving (or Rolling) Tunnels Entry #1 (Woman Tunnels Stepping Down Slot), 35 Moving (or Rolling) Tunnels Entry #2 (Woman Tunnels Stepping In-Place), 36 Multiple Back Breaksteps, 206 Music Timing, 47 Neck Wraps (Comment), 20 Neck Turn Crossover (into a Shake Hand Lead), 93 Neck Wrap (from Two Inside Turns), 82 Neck Wrap Illusion Turn (Pull-Around), 279 Neck Wrap Illusion Turn (Outside Turn), 280 Neck Wrap Illus. Turn (Hand at Neck), 280 Neck Wrap Entry (into a Neck Wrap Throw-Out Series), 132 Neck Wrap Entry #1 (from a Shoulder Catch), 21 Neck Wrap Entry #2 (from a Sweetheart Wrap), 21 Neck Wrap Entry #3 (from a Caught-in- Cage), 22 Neck Wrap Entry #4 (from a Push-Around Turn), 22 Neck Wrap Exit #1 (In-Place), 22 Neck Wrap Exit #2 (Come-Around), 22 Neck Wrap from an Outside Turn (with Hand Changes), 113 Neck Wrap from a Pivot-Around Turn (with an Initial Lunge), 114 Neck Wraps from a Pull-Around Turn Version #1, 113 Neck Wraps from a Pull-Around Turn Version #2, Version #3, 114 Neck Wrap from a Push-Around Turn (with a Spin-Back Reversal), 113 Neck Wrap from a Push-Around Turn (with Hand Changes), 113 Neck Wrap (Man's: into a Woman s Neck Wrap), 132 Neck Wrap (Man's: Using an Up-Yours Entry), 133 Neck Wrap Peek-a-Boos, 340 Neck Wraps versus Reverse Neck Wraps (Comment), 112 One-Hand Tuck and Turn (Left Hand Lead), 86 One-Hand Tuck and Turn (Right Hand Lead), 86 One-Hand Body Wrap (into a Waist Wrap), 163 One-Hand Presentation Position (into a Reverse Opp. Hammerlock Wrap), 261 One-Hand Presentation Position (into an Opposed Hammerlock Wrap), 261

25 A-31 One-Hand Presentation Position Closed Position (from Right Side to Left Side), 259 One-Hand Presentation Position Open Position (from Right Side to Left Side), 259 One-Hand Presentation Position Version #1 (from Left Side to Right Side), 260 One-Hand Presentation Position Version #2 (from Left Side to Right Side), 260 One-Hand Presentation Position versus a One-Hand Open-Out (Comment), 258 One-Hand Tuck and Turn (into a Man s Hammerlock Wrap), 87 Open or Common Tunnels (Comment), 174 Open or Common Tunnels (Man Tunnels ), 176 Open or Common Tunnels (Woman Tunnels ), 177 Open Position Hand-Leads, 51 Open Sweetheart Wrap (into a Prance ), 156 Open Sweetheart Wrap (into a Reverse Neck Wrap), 157 Open Tunnels Entry #1 (from an In-Place Turn), 175 Open Tunnels Entry #2 (from a Two-Hand Tuck and Turn ), 175 Open Tunnels Entry #3 (from a Sweetheart Wrap), 175 Open Tunnels Entry #4 (from a Moving Sweetheart Wrap), 176 Open Tunnels Entry #5 (from a Body Wrap), 176 Open Tunnels Entry #6 (from a Reverse Opposed Hammerlock Wrap ),176 Open Tunnels Entry #7 (from a Hammerlock Pass-by), 176 Open Tunnels Entry #8 (from a Right Over Left Hand Pretzel Lead), 176 Open Tunnels Exit #1a (into the Open Tunnel Entry Position), 177 Open Tunnels Exit #1b (into the Open Tunnel Entry Position), 178 Open Tunnels Exit #2 (into a Left Arm Neck Wrap and Patty-Cake ), 178 Opposed Hammerlock Fake, 314 Opposed Hammerlock (Illusion), 285 Opposed Hammerlock Walk (Man's Circular: into an Open Tunnel ), 327 Opposed Hammerlock Walk (Woman's: Man Walks Backwards), 326 Opposed Hammerlock "Backwards Walk" (into a "Banana Split" with a Duck-Under), 326 Opposed Hammerlock Wraps (Comment), 226 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #1a (Closed Position In-Place Turn), 226 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #1b (Open Position In-Place Turn), 226 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #2 (from a Two-Hand Tuck and Turn ), 227 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #3a (from a Sweetheart Wrap ), 227 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #3b (from a Sweetheart Wrap ), 227 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #4 (from a Moving Sweetheart Wrap ), 228 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #5 (from a Body Wrap ), 228 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #6 (from a Reverse Opposed Hammerlock Wrap ), 229 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #7 (from a Hammerlock Pass-by), 229 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #8 (from a Pretzel Lead), 230 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #9 (from a Push-Around Turn), 230 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #10 (from a Left Arm Neck Wrap), 230 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #11 (from a Right Arm Neck Wrap), 231 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #12 (from a Left Arm Waist Wrap), 231 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #13 (from Hip Fakes), 231 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #14 (from the Presentation Position), 231 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Entry #15 (from Half a Barrel Roll), 232 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Exit #1 (into an Open Tunnel ), 232 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Exit #2 (into a Sweetheart Wrap ), 232 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Exit #3 (into a Right Arm Neck Wrap), 233 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Exit #4 (into a Reverse Neck Wrap ), 233 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Exit #5 (into a Throw-Out ), 233 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Exit #6 (from a Shoulder Catch into a Waist Wrap), 234 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Exit #7 (using Single / Double-Back Turns ), 234 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap (into "Sweetheart Peek-a-Boos", 340 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Series (with an Opp. Hammerlock Walk), 242

26 A-32 Outside Illusion Turn (with a Waist Level, Left Over Right Hand Lead), 283 Outside / Inside Illusion Turns (with a Shoulder Fake), 284 Outside Spin Illusion Turn Entry #1 (from a Sweetheart Wrap ), 283 Outside Spin Illusion Turn Entry #2 (from an Open Sweetheart Wrap ), 283 Overhead, Inside, Illusion Turns (with a Left Over Right Hand Lead), 282 Overhead, Leveraged Turns, 352 Overhead, Outside, Illusion Turns (with a Right Over Left Hand Lead), 282 Overhead Whirlwind, 186 Over-the-Head, Behind the Back, 28 Over-the-Head, Behind the Back Syncopation Move, 350 Over-the-Head Lead into a Woman s Pull-Around (into a Spin-Out), 357 Over-the-Head Lead "Push-Off", 19 Parallel Positions, 267 Pass-Around Pull-Back (into a Sailor Step ), 217 Pass-by ("Shake Hand" Lead into a Left Hand Lead), 27 Pass-by (Behind), 100 Pass-by (In Front), 99 Pass-by (with a Shoulder Catch into Hammerlock Fakes ), 313 Pass-by (with a Shoulder Push ), 100 Pass-by (with an Inside Turn), 100 Pass-by (with an Outside Turn), 101 Pass-by (with an Upper Arm Catch), 101 Pass-by Fake ( Shake Hand Lead to a Left Hand Lead), 312 Pass-by from the T Position (using a Shake Hand Lead), 101 Pass-By Return (Right Hand Lead), 30 Patty-Cake (with the Left Hand), 13 Patty-Cake (with the Right Hand), 13 Pause Step, 373 Peek-a-Boos (using a Shake and Wrist Lead), 341 Peek-a-Boos (from "Sweetheart Wrap"), 339 Pinwheel, 222 Point Step, 212 Pull-Around into the Ballroom Turns Stance (into a Double Spin-Out), 138 Push n Turn (Basic), 17 Push-Around Turns (into a Neck Wrap), Version #1, Version #2, 114 Push-Around Turn (using a Left Hand Lead), 110 Push-Around Turn (using a Two-Hand Lead), 111 Push-Around Turn (with an Over the Shoulder Hand Pickup into Turns), 111 Push-Around Turns (Both Dancer s Turn), 112 Putting the Four Levels of Swing Dancing into Perspective, 347 Quick Spin (with a Stop n Bump), 45 Quick Tuck and Turn (into the Anchor Step ), 73 Quick Whip Return (with a Shuffle), 343 Rest or Think Steps (Comment), 220 Return to Basic (from a Hammerlock Wrap ), 197 Return to Basic (from the Presentation Position ), 197 Reverse Body Wrap (within a "Moving Sweetheart Wrap with a Lunge"), 255 Reverse Breakaway, 84 Reverse Breakaway (with the Pole Illusion ), 85 Reverse Double Up-Yours (or "Window") Position, 264 Reverse Double Up-Yours Position (into the Rev. Double Up-Yours Position), 265 Reverse Neck Wrap (from a Push-Around Turn), 118 Reverse Neck Wrap (from a Right Arm Shoulder Wrap), 118 Reverse Neck Wrap (from Left Arm Waist Wrap), 119 Reverse Neck Wrap (using a Shake Hand Lead), 119 Reverse Neck Wrap (with a Hammerlock Wrap), 119 Reverse Opposed Hammerlock Wrap (Comment), 234 Reverse Opp. Hammerlock Wrap Entry #1 (from a Closed Position In-Place Turn), 234 Reverse Opp. Hammerlock Wrap Entry #2 (from an Open Position In-Place Turn), 235 Reverse Opp. Hammerlock Wrap Entry #3 (from an Opp. Hammerlock Wrap ), 235 Reverse Opp. Hammerlock Wrap Entry #4 (from a Right Arm Neck Wrap), 236 Reverse Opp. Hammerlock Wrap Entry #5 (from a Left Arm Waist Wrap), 236 Reverse Opp. Hammerlock Wrap Entry #6 (from the Presentation Position), 236 Reverse Opp. Hammerlock Wrap Exit #1a (into an Opp. Hammerlock Wrap ), 236

27 A-33 Reverse Opp. Hammerlock Wrap Exit #1b (into an Opp. Hammerlock Wrap ), 237 Reverse Opp. Hammerlock Wrap Exit #2 (into a Body Wrap), 237 Reverse Opp. Hammerlock Wrap Exit #3a (into a Left Arm Neck Wrap), 237 Reverse Opp. Hammerlock Wrap Exit #3b (into a Left Arm Neck Wrap), 237 Reverse Straight Jacket, 367 Reverse Up-Yours Position, 264 Right Shoulder Barrel Roll (Two-Hand Lead), 182 Right Shoulder Throw-Out (into a Left Arm Shoulder Wrap), 137 Right Side-by-Side Position Entry #1 (from a Neck or Waist Wrap), 270 Right Side-by-Side Entry #2a (using a Left Hand Lead), 270 Right Side-by-Side Position Entry #2b (using a Left Hand Lead), 271 Right Side-by-Side Position Entry #2c (from a Left Hand Lead), 271 Pass-by with Inside Turn ), 270 Right Side-by-Side Position Entry #3 (from Man s Rotating Sweetheart ), 271 Right "Side-by-Side" Position Entry #4 (from a Left Over Right Hand Lead), 272 Right "Side-by-Side" Position Entry #5 (from a Crossover), 272 Right "Side-by-Side" Position Entry #6 ("Pass-by with an Inside Turn"), 272 Rockstep Slide (or Sailor Slide ), 217 Rolling Shoulder Wrap Illusion Turn Entry #1 (using a left over right hand lead), 285 Rolling Shoulder Wrap Illusion Turn Entry #2 (using a "shake hand" lead), 286 Rolling (or Moving / Spinning) Tunnels, 35 Roll-Outs / Roll-Ins and Yo-Yos, 248 Roll-Throughs, 250 Roll-Throughs (without Yo-Yos ), 251 Rotating Hammerlock Wrap (One-Half and Three Quarters Turn), 256 Rotating Hammerlock Wrap (One-Turn), 257 Royston s Twist, 369 Sailor Step, 216 Salsa Strut (from a Snap-Whip), 376 Sample Basic I Class, A-1 Satellite, 194 Scuff and Hook (from the Left Side-by- Side Position), 273 Selected Moves that Lead into Leads, 56 Shadow Position Walk (or Swivel Walk), 327 Shag Coaster Step, 373 She Goes / He Goes (Basic), 16 She Goes / He Goes (Comment), 105 She Goes / He Goes (from a Left Over Right Hand Lead), 108 She Goes / He Goes (into a Forward Break ), 110 She Goes / He Goes (into a Waterfall ), 109 She Goes / He Goes (Pass-By), 17 She Goes / He Goes (with a Neck Turn ), 109 She Goes / He Goes (with a Waist Turn ), 109 She Goes / He Goes (with a Back Hand, Shake Hand Lead), 66, 107 She Goes / He Goes (with a Hand Change), 106 She Goes / He Goes (Left Hand Lead), 107 She Goes / He Goes (Left Over Right Hand Pretzel Lead), 108 She Goes / He Goes (with a Man s Clockwise Turn), 109 She Goes / He Goes (with a Man s Outside, Underarm Turn), 66 She Goes / He Goes (without a Crossover), 106 She Spins / He Spins, 66 Shoulder Catch (Basic), 17 Shoulder Catch (from a Back-Pass into a Shoulder Wrap), 141 Shoulder Catch (Hammerlock), 18 Shoulder Catch (into a Woman s Duck- Under ), 142 Shoulder Catch (Outside), 142 Shoulder Catch (with Cross-Slot Walk), 328 Shoulder Catch into a Waist Catch (with a Duck-Under ), 20 Shoulder Catch into Neck Wrap (with Duck-Under into Rev. Neck Wrap), 141 Shoulder Fake Pattern #1 (into the Basketball ), 307 Shoulder Fake Pattern #2 (into the Can Opener ), 308 Shoulder Fakes (using Hustle Breaks from a Right Shoulder Wrap), 306 Shoulder Roll Version #1 and #2 (from the Right Side-by-Side Position), 142, 143 Shoulder Wrap (into a Sweetheart Wrap ), 135 Shoulder Wrap (Basic: One-Hand Entry), 22 Shoulder Wrap (Basic: Two-Hand Entry), 23 Shoulder Wrap (One-Hand Entry), 135 Shoulder Wrap (Rolling), 265 Shoulder Wrap (Two-Hand Entry), 135 Shoulder Wrap (with a Back-Pass Entry), 134

28 A-34 Shoulder Wrap (with a Come-Around Entry), 136 Shoulder Wrap (with a Through-the-Gap Entry), 136 Shoulder Wrap versus Neck Wrap (Comment), 134 Shoulder Wraps ( Mirror Turn Entry), 135 Sidebreaks versus Breaksteps (Comment), 205 Side-by-Side Positions (Left Side), 269, 270 Side-by-Side Positions (Right Side), 270, 271, 272 Side-by-Side (into a Hammerlock Wrap and Swivels), 273 Side-by-Side Position versus the Parallel Positions (Comment), 268 Side-to-Sides (Continuous), 275 Side-to-Side (from Ballroom Turns ), 278 Side-to-Side (from a Tuck ), 276 Side-to-Side (from a Moving Sweetheart Wrap), 277 Side-to-Side (from a Pass-by with an Inside Turn), 275 Side-to-Side (from a Tuck into a Hip- Catch), 276 Side-to-Side (from an Inside Turn Windup into a Double Spin), 277 Side-to-Side (from the Two-Hand or Closed Presentation Position ), 274 Side-to-Side (from Two Inside Turns into a Shoulder Catch), 277 Side-to-Side Rest Step (In-Place), 223 Side-to-Side Rest Step (Moving), 223 Side-to-Side (from a Shake Hand Lead), 274 Side-to-Side (from a Left Hand Lead), 274 Side-to-Side versus Side-by-Side (Comment), 274 Single-Back (One Back-Under using a One-Hand Lead), 361 Single-Back (One Back-Under using a Two-Hand Lead), 361 Single Head Loop (into Forward Breakstep), 192 Single Head Loop or Arm Curl, 28 Single Head Loop Return, 195 Single Head Loop (Left Over Right Hand Lead and Right Over Left Hand Lead), 192 Single Head Loop (Two-Hand Lead), 192 Single Head Loop from a Crossover (into an Arm Slide), 192 Single Sugar Foot Step (One Cross ), 215 Sling (Pass-By with an Attitude ), 103 Slingshot (a Momentum Tuck-Around), 73 Slingshot Position, 267 Slip Tunnels, 36 Snap Wraps (Comment), 239 Snap Wrap into a Waist Wrap (from Half of a Closed Tunnel ), 240 Snap Wrap (from an Inside Turn), 241 Snap Wrap (into Right Arm), 241 Sneak Crossover, 96 Spin Cycle (into a Side-by-Side), 365 Spin into a Pogo Stick (with a Two Spin Reversal), 358 Spin into a Shoulder Catch (with a Two Spin Reversal), 45 Spins (Comment), 44 Starburst, 194 Stationary Cha Cha, A-23 Stick Arm, One-Hand Lead Crossover, 98 Stick Arm, Two-Hand Lead Crossover, 98 Stick Arm, One-Hand Lead Pass-by, 101 Stick Arm, Two-Hand Lead Pass-by, 102 Stick Arm, Illusion Turn, 286 Stick Arm, Illusion Turn (from a Sweetheart Wrap), 286 Stick Arm, Inside Roll-Out, 63 Stick Arm, Inside Turn from the Closed Position (into a Walk ), 325 Stop and Go (into a Front Breakstep), 208 Straight Basic Return, 29 Straight Basic Return (with a Half-Turn), 29 Straight Jacket, 366 Straight Tunnels Entries, 33, 34 Straight Tunnels (Man "Tunnels"), 35 Straight Tunnels (Woman "Tunnels"), 34 Strut Slide (from a Tuck and Turn), 218 Style by Syncopation (Comment), 348 Sunrise Pull-Around (into a Spin-Out), 357 Sweetheart Push-Back (One-Hand), 155 Sweetheart Push-Back (Two-Hand), 155 Sweetheart Return (from a Two-Hand Crossover), 200 Sweetheart Return (One-hand), 199 Sweetheart Return (with a Two-hand Pickup), 200 Sweetheart Walk (Alternating Wraps), 332 Sweetheart Wrap, 23 Sweetheart Wrap (Exits), 159 Sweetheart Wrap Fake (into a Neck Wrap), 309 Sweetheart Wrap Fake ("Waist Fake"), 309 Sweetheart Wrap (from an Inside Turn), 82 Sweetheart Wrap (Illusion Turn), 281 Sweetheart Wrap (into a Hip Catch with a Pull-Around Exit), 83

29 A-35 Sweetheart Wrap into a Neck Wrap (Duck-Under into a Rev. Neck Wrap), 153 Sweetheart Wrap into a Neck Wrap (with a Woman s Duck-Around), 153 Sweetheart Wrap (into a Prance ), 156 Sweetheart Wrap (into the "Opposed Hammerlock Wrap"), 154 Sweetheart Wrap (Man's Rotating), 154 Sweetheart Wrap / Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Combo, 154 Sweetheart Wrap / Opposed Hammerlock Wrap Series, 242 Sweetheart Wrap (Practice Pattern), 155 Sweetheart Wrap (with Waist Fakes ), 308 Sweetheart Wrap into a Lunge (with a Slide-Back), 152 Sweetheart Wrap into a Throw-Out (into Neck Wrap or Waist Wrap), 151 Sweetheart Wrap (with a Pop-Out into a Left Arm Duck-Under), 154 Sweetheart Wrap with a Pull-Around Turn (into a Left Arm Neck Wrap), 152 Sweetheart Wrap with a Pull-Around Turn (into a Left Arm Waist Wrap), 153 Swimmer s Crossover, 94 Swing Dance Definitions, 1 Syncopated Crossover Entry into a Pass-By (Left Hand Lead), 351 Syncopated Crossover Entry into a Pass-By ( Shake Hand Lead), 352 T Position (Left Side), 267 T Position (Right Side), 267 Taking Dance Notes, A-9 Tap or Shuffle Step Underarm Turn- Around, 214 Tap n Go, 13 Teachability Index (Rate Yourself), 348 Ten-Count Whip (into a Cross-Slot Prance ), 306 Three-Wall Lindy, 304 Throw-Outs and Throw-Arounds (Comment), 128 Tornado (into a Neck Wrap), 186 Tornado Entry #1 (Left Hand Lead), 184 Tornado Entry #2 (Two-Hand Lead), 185 Toss-Back, 67 Toss-Back (with Alternating Half-Turns), 68 Touch Step, 214 Trailing Opposed Hammerlock Fake, 314 Trailing Opposed Hammerlock Wrap, 238 Trailing Opposed Hammerlock Wrap (into a Right Arm Neck Wrap ), 238 Trailing Opposed Hammerlock Wrap (into Two-Hand Shoulder Catches), 238 Traveling Basic Step (with a Tuck ), 8 Traveling Exit (Opposing Underarm Turns into the Open Position), 11 Traveling Kicks, 332 Triple Out Traps, 336 Triple Outs, 335 Triple Rondes (with a Hop ), 335 Triple Sugar Foot Step (Three Crosses ), 215 Tuck Turn (Classic Style), 68 Tuck Turn into a Man s Hammerlock (Classic Style), 69 Tuck Turn with an Imperial Break Entry (Classic Style), 69 Tuck and a Hip Catch (into a Body Wrap ), 81 Tuck and a Hip Catch (with a Walk into a Double Spin-Out), 81 Tuck and a Hip Catch (with a Roll-In into a Body Wrap ), 80 Tuck and Push (into a Hammerlock Wrap and Swivels), 91 Tuck and Push (using One or Two Hands), 90 Tuck and Release (Basic), 8 Tuck and Release (Man Turns with Hand Pick-Up from Behind), 82 Tuck and Release (One-Hand Lead), 81 Tuck and Release (One-Hand or Open ), 9 Tuck and Release (Two-Hand Lead), 82 Tuck and Return (into Open Sweetheart Figure Eights ), 77 Tuck and Return (into a Trailing Shake Hand Lead), 77 Tuck and Return (One-Hand Lead), 76 Tuck and Return (Two-Hand Lead), 77 Tuck and Reverse (from a Forearm, Waist or Shoulder Catch), 9 Tuck and Reverse (into a Barrel Roll), 79 Tuck and Rev. (with a Forearm Catch), 78 Tuck and Reverse (with Side-to-Side Forearm Catches), 78 Tuck and Turn (Both Dancers Turn), 8 Tuck and Turn (Double Step Rhythm), 90 Tuck and Turn (Illusion Turn), 279 Tuck and Turn (into a Neck Wrap), 8 Tuck and Turn (One-Hand or Open ), 7 Tuck and Turn (with a Man s Back-Pass ), 71 Tuck and Turn into a Left Arm Waist Wrap, 73

30 A-36 Tuck and Turn into a Man s Hammerlock, 70 Tuck and Turn into a Woman s Neck Wrap (into a Man s Neck Wrap), 71 Tuck and Turn (using a Presentation Slot ), 7 Tuck and Turn (using a Social Slot ), 6 Tuck and Turn with a Hand Change (into a Double Spin-Out), 71 Tuck Into Mirror Turns, 75 Tuck into a Cross-Slot, Upper Arm Catch (into a Walk"), 79 Tuck into Alternating Shoulder Catches, 80 Tuck into Mirror Turns (with a Spin-back into a Basket), 76 Tuck into Mirror Turns (with Hammerlock and Waist Wraps), 75 Tuck with a Hand Change (Left Hand Lead into a "Shake Hand" Lead), 90 Tuck-Around (into a Double Spin-Out), 74 Tuck-Around Back-to-Back (into a Left Arm Neck Wrap), 74 Tuck-Around Moves (Comment), 73 Turning Basic Step (Basic Step Footwork while Changing Direction), 6 Turning Basic Step (with a Slide), 61 Two-Hand or Closed Presentation Position (from a One-Hand "Tuck and Turn," 261 Two-Hand Tuck and Return (with a Half- Turn), 77 Two-Hand Tuck and Turn, 87 Two-Hand Tuck and Turn (into a Reverse Neck Wrap ), 88 Two-Hand Tuck and Turn (into a Hammerlock Wrap), 89 Two-Hand Tuck and Turn (into an Opposed Hammerlock Wrap), 89 Two-Hand Tuck and Turn (into the T Position), 89 Two-Hand Open-Out versus an Arm Pop (Comment), 262 Two-Hand Presentation Position (from a One-Hand Tuck and Turn ), 261 Two-Hand Presentation Position (from an Open Sweetheart Wrap ), 262 Two-Hand Presentation Position (from the Man s Rotating Sweetheart ), 262 Two-Hand Tuck and Turn (into Suspenders ), 139 Underarm Turn (Man s), 11 Underarm Turn (Woman s), 10 Upper Arm Catch (with Toe Touches), 188 Up-Yours Position (Closed), 263 Up-Yours Position (Open), 263 Up-Yours Position (Illusion Turns), 282 Waist Turn Crossover (into a Shake Hand Lead), 14, 93 Waist Turn Crossover (into a Double Spin- Out), 94 Waist Turn Crossover (with a Man s Duck- Through), 94 Waist Turn Return (with Crossover), 198 Waist Turn Return (without Crossover), 198 Waist Wraps (Basic), 24 Waist Wrap (from a Woman s Neck Wrap), 144 Waist Wrap Combo (with an Up-Yours Turn into a Head Loop ), 150 Waist Wrap Exit, 225 Waist Wrap from a Pull-Around Turn, 146 Waist Wrap from a Push-Around Turn (with a Shake Hand Lead), 146 Waist Wrap from a Push-Around Turn (with a Left Hand Lead), 145 Waist Wrap into Alternating Neck Wraps (with a Reverse Walk ), 144 Waist Wrap (Man's: into a Double Spin- Out), 150 Washing Machine, 364 Waterfall (Basic), 28 Waterfall (with a Traditional Entry), 193 Waterfall (with an Extended Entry), 193 Waterfall Return, 196 Wax On Wax Off (into the Off-hand Lead Presentation Position), 261 Wedding Strut (Basic), 332 Wedding Strut (from a Front Breakstep), 333 Wedding Strut (with Coaster Step), 333 Wedding Strut (without Coaster Step), 333 Weight Change versus Weight Values, 4 Whip (Eight-Count) into a "Backwards Sailor Step", 303 Whip (Eight-Count) into Behind-the-Back Arm Catches, 292 Whip (Eight-Count) into a Clockwise, Outside Turn, 293 Whip (Eight-Count) "Closed Whip" into a He Goes / She Goes, 289 Whip (Eight-Count) into a "Cross Hand, Open-Out," Version #1, 294 Whip (Eight-Count) "Cross Hand, Open- Out" Exit #1: Roll-In to an Arm Slide, 295 Whip (Eight-Count) "Cross Hand, Open- Out" Exit #2: Hammerlock Wrap Entry into the Straight Jacket, 295

31 A-37 Whip (Eight-Count) "Cross Hand, Open- Out" Version #2, 296 Whip (Eight-Count) "Cross Hand, Open- Out" into Alt. Shoulder Catches, 297 Whip (Eight-Count) Double Body Wrap, 297 Whip (Eight-Count) Exits into the Open Position, 305 Whip (Eight-Count) into a "Heel Roll," 220 Whip (Eight-Count) into an Inside, "She Turns / He Turns", 299 Whip (Eight-Count) into a Lariat with a Double Spin-Out, 302 Whip (Eight-Count) into a One-Hand Body Wrap, 292 Whip (Eight-Count) into an Outside "She Turns / He Turns," 299 Whip (Eight-Count) "Mambo Whip," 376 Whip (Eight-Count) with a Left Hand Lead into a Neck Wrap, 297 Whip (Eight-Count) with an Outside Turn into Shoulder Catches, 301 Whip (Eight-Count) with Shake Hand Lead into a Neck Wrap, 298 Whip (Eight-Count) into Shoulder Catches, 301 Whip (Eight-Count) Two Inside Turns, 300 Whip (Eight-Count) an "Underarm Catch Return" iwith a "Man s Inside Turn," 344 Whip (Eight-Count) Waddle-Waddle Whip", 292 Whip (Eight-Count) into a Walk, 303 Whip Exits into the Open Position, 305 Return into the Closed Position (Illusion Turn), 287 Whip (Six-Count) "Basket Whip" into a "Man s Duck-Under"), 291 Whip (Six-Count) "Closed Whip" into a Forward Fake," 290 Whip (Six-Count) into a "Slide-Back", 288 Whip (Six-Count) Open Whip into a "Reverse He Goes / She Goes," 290 Whip (Six-Count) Quick Whip", 288 Whip (Six-Count) Quick Whip with a Foot Sweep, 288 Whip (Six-Count) Snap Whip with a "Double Spin-Back," 291 Whirling Teacup, 135 Willie Shuffle, 219 Windmill (In-place and as a Crossover), 222 Window ("Stationary Cha Cha" advanced entry, and the first half of the combo move indexed immediately below), 264 Window / Reverse Window Combo (see "Window" move above), 368 Wrap Exits into the Open Position (for Neck, Shoulder and Waist Wraps), 169 Wraps and Turns Combo (with Front and Back Hand Pickups), 225 Yo-Yos... see Comment: "Roll-Outs / Roll- Ins, Yo-Yos and Jelly Beans," 248

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35 ebook Edition Old Riverwoods Lane Chesterfield, MO Please send me ebook Editions of Imperial Swing Dancing at $49.95 * each. Each two-disc set includes the manual on a CD, Matt Auclair s two-hour DVD swing course and the Bonus Supplement. The two-disc sets are shipped postpaid. Enclosed is my check for $.* Make check payable to: Henry H. Culver, Jr. ( address: HCulverjr@aol.com / Phone: ) Name Address City State Zip * Residents of Missouri add 7½% ($3.75) sales tax. * ebooks are shipped by Priority Mail Postpaid * Buy Now... new ebook Edition of Manual! ebook Edition Old Riverwoods Lane Chesterfield, MO % Discount1 Please send me 2 ebook Editions of Imperial Swing Dancing at $44.95 * each. Each two-disc set includes the manual on a CD, Matt Auclair s two-hour DVD swing course and the Bonus Supplement. The two-disc sets are shipped postpaid. Enclosed is my check for $.* Make check payable to: Henry H. Culver, Jr. ( address: HCulverjr@aol.com / Phone: ) Name Address City State Zip *Residents of Missouri add 7½% ($3.75) sales tax. * ebooks are shipped by Priority Mail Postpaid *

36 Now that you have journeyed through the written details of how to dance the St. Louis Imperial, the Wizard of Swing invites you to view select building-block moves from throughout the manual that are taught by Matt and Crystal Auclair on their enclosed DVD....

37 DVD Contents Introduction Skip Culver (Author s Comments).. page ix Matt Auclair (Foreword)... page xxiii Basic I The Slot page 3 Basic Step page 5 Tuck and Turn. page 7 Glideaway.. page 6 Crossover. page 14 Basic Return page 29 She Goes / He Goes. page 16 Shoulder Catch.. page 17 Caught-in-Cage page 20 Pass-by. page 27 Over-the-Head, Behind the Back Hand Pick-Up. page 28 Sweetheart Wrap... page 23 Body Wrap... page 24 Six-Count Whip.. page 288 Eight-Count Whip.. page 292 Neck Wrap.. page 21 Waterfall... page 28 Basic II Tunnels. page 33 Imperial Walk. page 36 Hully Gully... page 39 Swivels.. page 43 Spins.. page 44 Basic III Tuck and Return. page 77 Inside Out page 67 Crossover Slide-Back... page 96 Woman s Come-Around. page 124

38 Basic III (continued) Man s Come-Around page 126 Opposed Hammerlock Wrap (into an Open Tunnel). page 327 Hammerlock Pass-by... page 103 Woman s Neck Wrap (into a Man s Neck Wrap).. page 71 Barrel Roll (with a Two-Hand Lead). page 27 Basketball page 189 The Satellite. page 194 Intermediate Moving Sweetheart Wrap page 244 Peek-a-Boos... page 339 Stick Arm Illusion Turns. page 286 Overhead Illusion Turns page 282 Ballroom Turns page 338 Sweetheart Wrap Fake. page 308 Shoulder Fakes.. page 306 Struts (or Walks ).. page 316 Beyond Intermediate Style by Syncopation page 348 Jackie Chan page 360 Mambo Whip.. page 374 Double-Backs. page 362 Washing Machine. page 364 The Knot page 370 Party Time at the Club Imperial. page A-18

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