waiho i te toipoto, kaua i te toiroa

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1 Raumati 2012 nā Raewyn Paewai Kaitiaki Pūtea Tuia te rangi, tuia te whenua, tuia te ngākau o te tangata Ko te aroha e kī a nei, ka puta tātou i te rangi nei Te aroha nei kia tātou anō hoki te iwi Tīhei mauri ora! One of the things I enjoy most about our hui-ā-tau is that I get the opportunity to put faces to names. Finally I get to meet new members who filled out our membership form, and this years hui-ā-tau at Waipapa Marae in Auckland was no different. I hope you all enjoyed yourselves and got a taste of what Te Rōpū Whakahau is all about. No reira, koutou ngā mema hou, nau mai haere mai. I would especially like to congratulate our newest honorary members, Jock Walker, Raewynne Evans and Bernard Makoare, and thought for those that are new I would also mention our other honorary members. Ngā mihi nunui tēnei ki a: Chris Szekely, Spencer Lilley, Hinureina Mangan, Haneta Pierce, Ann Reweti, and Glen Taitoko. Thank you to all our members, associate and institutional, who renewed their memberships. It is because of you that we have been able to continue our mahi for the last 20 years. (Continued on page 3) waiho i te toipoto, kaua i te toiroa

2 Pānui is published quarterly by Te Rōpū Whakahau Inc (National Association for Māori in Libraries and Information Management). Its kaupapa is waiho i te toipoto, kaua i te toiroa Pānui is FREE to financial members of Te Rōpū Whakahau Editor: Te Paea Paringatai etita@trw.org.nz Review Team: Ngā Kaiwhakahau 2011/2012 Contributors: Anahera Morehu, Raewyn Paewai, Paul Diamond, Mali Tangatatai, Ngā Kaiwhakahau Te Rōpū Whakahau Inc 2012 HE MIHI NĀ N TE TUMUAKI I roto o tōku ngākau he mihi maioha ki a koutou katoa. Ka hoki mahara ahau ki te hui-ā-tau kua pahure, tino hari koa taku ngākau ki te kitea ngā mēma hou me ngā mēma tawhito. Ka rawe. He mihi anō tēnei ki a koutou i tuku ngā roimata aroha ki tōku whānau i noho i te kapua pōuri, nō reira, rātou ki a rātou, tātou ki a tātou. E te rangatira e Eynon, he tino mihi ki a koe i to kaha, to maia, to manawanui, no reira, tēnei te mihi poto ki a koe hoki. Ki aku hoa e Troy kourua ko Rukuwai, kaore ahau i ngā kupu ki a kourua i ngā wā katoa. He nui ake tō tātou mahi, ka haere tonu a Ngā Kaiwhakahau i a rātou mahi ki te whakatika te mahere wawata o tātou o te rōpū kaha nei. Kia kaha tonu koutou katoa. Thanks to you all. I reflect on the time during the recent hui-ā-tau and my heart sang in meeting the new and old faces of our group. My family also would like to thank the group for their support at the passing of our karani, your understanding was greatly appreciated. Thanks to Eynon for his direction and smooth actions and of course the two young gentlemen that played a huge part in ensuring the smooth running of the hui and the support afterwards. As always, the many eyes of the rōpū are watching and waiting for the next amount of work that you produce. To our resplendent leaders in Ngā Kaiwhakahau, we all know that you are working towards the aspirations of our association and acknowledge the support that this will need in the coming future years. Be strong and steady of mind, we will get there. Disclaimer: Te Rōpū Whakahau Inc welcomes editorial and graphic contributions to Pānui. Te Rōpū Whakahau reserves the right not to publish any contribution given. Pānui is published by Te Rōpū Whakahau Inc, PO Box 5409, Lambton Quay, Wellington. While every care has been taken in the preparation of this publication, neither Te Rōpū Whakahau Inc nor the individual writers accept any responsibility or liability, whether in contract or in tort (including negligence) or otherwise, for anything done or not done by any person in reliance, whether wholly or partially, on any of the contents of this publication. Readers should also note that the materials in this publication are the personal views of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or views of Te Rōpū Whakahau Inc. Waiho i te toipoto, kaua i te toiroa It has been a very busy beginning with so much happening and still more to come. The recent development of the Mātauranga Māori within NZ Libraries is in full steam. We are hoping for a successful session in Dunedin on 28 February 2012 and would like to thank Lorraine Johnston for her wonderful leadership and support in putting this together. Please note that there will be an online training session happening for Te Taha Wairua, so keep your ears peeled and find out where the nearest KAREN is to you so you can participate and become a trainer within your region. The next workshop will be in April at Taranaki. Thanks to Ngareo Akariri for her organisation and commitment to this. There has been a lot of interest in attendance to the American Libraries Association Conference held in Anaheim, August The opportunity to roll out the Mātauranga Māori within NZ Libraries around the world is a possibility that could happen soon. It will be exciting to see how this pans out, especially with the IFLA Presidential conference happening in Vancouver, Canada in April. We have received some great support over the years to include indigenous workshops throughout the world and I am sure that this will continue. Images cover page and page two: taken on board Te Aurere, Tāmaki Makaurau, Hui-ā-tau 2012 courtesy of Mali Tangatatai

3 I would like to take this opportunity to thank Spencer for his continued work and support in producing the 20 years of Te Rōpū Whakahau to be published. His knowledge and wisdom, networks and relationships over these 20 years of our rōpū will produce some wonderful korero and historical content. Thanks again Spencer. Reminder that LIANZA conference is to be held in Papaioea (Palmerston North) and Sheeanda, Huatahi and crew are doing a wonderful job pulling this together. Go hard and go strong team. With the many changes taking place, it has been wonderful to see the amount of Māori kaupapa increase over the years. I am sure that Te Paea will keep this rolling out wonderfully. We have some new members on the team of Ngā Kaiwhakahau and special thanks to Te Waka o Aoraki and their three nominations. I m sure that Willie is sitting in Murihiku wondering why it took so long to have so many take up the challenge but am sure that it will be fantastic. There are some new strengths and skills being introduced into the fold and the many remaining will be fantastic mentors. Wait for the new photo to pop up on the Te Rōpū Whakahau website. Kua nawhe tēnā, ka whai te iti kahurangi, ki te tūohu koe me he maunga teitei. No reira, ka manaakitia te māra e tātou, ka whakatipu ake ngā hua o Tāne, Rongomātane, Haumietiketike, arā, a Papatuānuku hoki. Nō reira, tēnā koutou, tēnā koutou, Anahera Morehu (Continued from page 1) Currently we have 158 members: 9 Honorary memberships 91 Renewed memberships 23 Associate memberships 5 Institutional memberships 30 New Personal memberships New Honorary memberships Jock Walker, Raewynne Evans, Bernard Makoare New personal members from August 2011 are: Wairaka Teua Auckland Libraries; Paul Diamond Alexander Turnbull Library; Aroha Ria HB Williams Memorial Library, Gisborne; Chris Cormack Catalyst IT; Jacqueline Snee Auckland War Memorial Museum Library New Associate members from August 2011 are: Judy Mcfall-McCaffery Auckland University Library E te iwi, kia kaha koutou ki ngā taonga o ngā tūpuna, mā koutou e pupuri I te mauri āpōpō. Mahi I o koutou mahi I runga I te aroha noa tētahi ki tētahi. 3

4 ALEXANDER TURNBULL LIBRARY MĀORI SPECIALISTS AT HUI-Ā-TAU Nā Paul Diamond, Curator, Māori, Alexander Turnbull Library As part of its new structure, the Alexander Turnbull Library has a number of Māori Specialist roles. Appointments have been made for all the positions, and the final person to start, Mereana Taungapeau (Heritage Programme Advisor Māori), began work with the library in January, just before Te Rōpū Whakahau's Hui-ā-Tau. Mereana is based at the Auckland National Library Centre ( this is the first time a Turnbull staff member has been based out of Wellington. An article about the ATL Māori Specialists and their work will appear in the next issue of Pānui. Alexander Turnbull Library Māori Specialist staff at Waipapa Marae: From left, Trish Beamsley (Research Librarian, Māori), Mereana Taungapeau (Heritage Programme Advisor Māori), Paul Diamond (Curator, Māori), Ariana Tikao (Research Librarian, Māori), Cellia Joe (Heritage Advice Coordinator), Chris Szekely (Chief Librarian Alexander Turnbull Library), Taina McGregor (Oral Historian Māori). Another specialist not shown in the photo is Vicki-Anne Heikell (Field Conservator). Images left to right: taken on board Te Aurere, Tāmaki Makaurau, Hui-ā-tau 2012 courtesy of Mali Tangatatai 4

5 Nā Raewyn Paewai (Hui-ā-tau 2012) THE APPENDICES to the JOURNALS of the HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES A: legislative, political, and foreign affairs B: public finance C: Crown lands, mines, forests, primary production, environment D: immigration, public works, energy E: education, welfare, and justice F: post office, broadcasting, communications G: Maori affairs H: miscellaneous, commissions of inquiry I: reports of select committees J: petitions The Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives. Abbreviated to AJHR. Also known as the A to J s The AJHR s are grouped into broad themes and assigned a letter of the alphabet then each document is given a number. This is called a Shoulder number and this is why they are known as A to J s A: legislative, political, and foreign affairs B: public finance C: Crown lands, mines, forests, primary production, environment D: immigration, public works, energy E: education, welfare, and justice F: post office, broadcasting, communications G: Maori affairs H: miscellaneous, commissions of inquiry I: reports of select committees J: petitions 1861 A: Legislative and Political B: Finance C: Crown lands D: Miscellaneous E: Aborigines F: Reports of Select Committes G: Petitions Shoulder numbers have changed throughout the years (in 1861 they looked different to today). This is due to what happens to government departments. For example, some no longer exist. The shoulder number can be found on the top right hand corner of the volumes. So in this document: Despatch from the secretary of state relative to The Appointment of Sir George Grey, K.C.B., to the Government of the Colony AJHR 1861 A- 3 In 1861 this was the 3 rd (A= Legislative and Political). document in the A theme 5

6 What are the AJHR s JHR Parliaments minutes Tabled documents Parliamentary Papers AJHR The Journals of the house of Representatives are basically the minutes of Parliament the official record of the proceedings of the house. At times Ministers of Parliament table documents in the house, ie, they are literally laid on the table in the debating chamber in front of the speaker. These documents are reports by govt departments so will include the business of that department e.g. regulations, finance statements and budgets, commission reports, Māori issues, etc. These reports help ministers make informed decisions. Many of these the House orders to be printed and are known as Parliamentary Papers. The Government Printer sells individual papers to the public and sessional bound volumes. These are the AJHR s and they have been published since Some papers presented to the House are not published as part of the AJHR, and remain unpublished. Some are held by Archives New Zealand the Parliamentary Library, or the government departments which created them. What can be found in them? WHAKAPAPA There are many whakapapa charts and korero given by tupuna on whakapapa, especially in regards to land claim investigations. (This chart shows Kanawa s whakapapa of Ngati Maniapoto) It was transmitted by Robert Bust court clerk at the Raglan Magistrates office to the Native Affairs Minister, 1874, unfortunately it didn t say who gave the whakapapa. HISTORY Kōrero given by tupuna on iwi, hapū and Māori issues. This includes lectures on Māori Customs; kōrero from John White; letters written by tupuna to Governor Generals and Ministers very descriptive about activities happening in the area e.g. what militia were doing to the land, illness, Kīngitanga movement, religious movements, building and opening of marae were some of the topics. 6

7 Most departments reported their activities in great detail, so these documents are a significant source for genealogists or local historians. LAND PURCHASES Land purchases were often recorded like this the interesting information from it are names of blocks, along with area, condition of land, how much land was sold for, names of tupuna and their iwi. E.g. 450 pounds for 8500 acres of land Some blocks were purchased for 1 shilling and sixpence per acre. Native School Reports NATIVE SCHOOL REPORTS Can include dates schools opened, condition of schools, maintenance expenses, roll numbers, names of teachers and children, illnesses and on occasion recorded death of children. Useful for those searching for whakapapa, history of the school and even local area. 7

8 1874 Census of the Maori Population CENSUS POPULATION REPORTS Recorded Tribe, hapu, residence and population figures. It s a good source for Hapu and Iwi names and where iwi were living at the time. Also a good tool for staff who have no idea where a tribe or hapu might reside. LISTS OF RANGATIRA Names of Rangatira are listed throughout the AtoJ s. This record from 1862 records place of settlement, Iwi: Name of Rangatira and the approx boundary of territory. Again useful for whakapapa, and finding iwi Māori Prisoner Reports PRISONER REPORTS Prisoners names, iwi, their general wellbeing were recorded in daily reports. Illnesses and on occasion deaths were also recorded. 8

9 At the battle at Rangiriri in the Waikato prisoners were taken and held aboard The Marion Hulk which was fitted out as a prison in 1864 to hold 350 prisoners. Women were also imprisoned. This record shows prisoners from Te Ranga, Tauranga were taken aboard. Names were recorded along with iwi. MAPS AND PLANS OF CONFISCATED LANDS Maps are another great resource to be found in the AtoJ s. Some include old Māori pā sites and names. They can also include block names and boundaries. The maps are usually added as an appendix to kōrero regarding plans to confiscate, European settlements, Land purchases or leases, surveys, or commission reports. Taranaki: This is one of several maps from the AJHR s used last year in a case in Taranaki to do with identifying land given to iwi instead of a hapū. What else can be found? Petitions Letters in Te Reo Maori Names of Maori rebels Illnesses that affected Maori Maori troops for foreign service Flax cultivation And much much more WHAT ELSE CAN BE FOUND Petitions e.g. to the queen regarding breach of the treaty from Kawiti and other Ngā Puhi Rangatira in 1883; Petitions from iwi about land confiscated by the Crown Letters in te reo Māori to Native Affairs Ministers, re: land, people, soldiers, war, prisoners Millitary operations that include Māori group A Sicknesses e.g. Leprosy in Rotorua G Māori troops for foreign service E Flax cultivation great for weaving students and so much more 9

10 ATOJ S ONLINE From 1861 to 1906 Can search by session. Session is each time govt meet 3rd parliament etc is the term of the govt. E.g. we are in our 51st Parliament Can browse by volume Can browse by section. Use this page to find reports by section name, for example "Finance" or "Legislative and political". Can use the search page. The Search page lets you enter a query term and retrieves reports that contain that term. Find out more about using Search on the Search help page. 10

11 Despite the controversy this book received when it was first published in 1964, I am delighted to see this book reprinted. I really like the way Ans Westra captured the daily interactions of whānau that include kids having fun hmmm we might just miss the page where the kids are lighting up minties wrappers. I especially like the picture of the two boys reading graphic novels the photo of the kids getting stuck into Anchors full cream milk powder, and the stories to be told of the objects in the background. Almost 50 years now of whānau history and memories, the collection of photographs are a taonga and one that any whānau today would want to have. This reprinted book is a selection of images taken from two different editions that were published in 1964 and photographs taken in What is more interesting in this book is the inclusion of a then and now article at the back of the book: These are the only photos the family had of this period of their lives and have come to be treasured as such. When there was a family reunion, Westra says, they went to the library and took photocopies of the book because many of the different children didn t have copies. Then, when they had an unveiling for the mother after she passed away in the 1980 s, Westra enlarged a portrait so that they could use it for the headstone. A public family album became the private family album. (pp 40) nā Raewyn Paewai 11

12 nā Raewyn Paewai (Hui-ā-tau 2012) NEW ZEALAND GAZETTES What are the New Zealand Gazettes? New Leader for the Te Rōpū Whakahau Party WHAT ARE THE NZ GAZETTES? The gazettes are the official newspaper of the NZ govt. Basically what ever the govt wants the public to know gets gazetted. It has been published since 1841by the Gazette Office at the Department of Internal Affairs. Change of Government no Surprise says new leader of the opposition party. With a major landslide to Te Rōpū Whakahau, Harawira will Lead the Government for the next 3 years. Harawira said he was humble to be elected leader of the new party but believes the people have spoken and he is up to the challenge. How can you access the Gazettes? HOW CAN YOU ACCESS THE NZ GAZETTE? Purchase hard copy most reference libraries hold copies. Not all libraries hold complete collections. The hard copies have an index of their own for each volume up until 1976, and then the last volume for the year has included a cumulative index for the year. LEXIS NEXIS Some libraries have bought a subscription to the database, e.g to You can subscribe for yearly updates, however it s the early gazettes that are of most importance to Māori. 12

13 Lexis Nexis can be searched by Table of Contents, in which a list of years are provided. The table of contents also includes Provincial regional gazettes, Ordinances, New Ulster and New Munster gazettes. New Ulster was the old name for the North Island 1841 to 1853; New Ulster for the South Island 1846 to 1853, included Stewart island Or you can keyword search using the PDF Catalogue. DIA hold online copies from September 1993 to You can search using their PDF files from 2000, or by using the searchable database from September 1993 to What is in the New Zealand Gazettes? WHAT S IN THE NZ GAZETTES? Each edition of the New Zealand Gazette is divided by: commercial and government notices, business proceedings, departmental and parliamentary notices proclamations by the governor general council orders land transfer notices taking or reserving of land bankruptcies medical registers marriage celebrants registered engineers, teachers and so on 13

14 Why would Maori use them? STATUS OF LAND Māori Land can have the status of Māori Customary Land, Māori Freehold, General Land owned by Māori, General Land, Crown Land, Crown Land reserved for Māori LINZ is the best site to go to for definitions of land status In the example attached the land is freehold and being set apart or reserved for a marae and urupā. It lists the iwi, gives the district the land is in, the block details Parish of Karaka lot 64D, and area of land put aside. In this case 3 acres. Just a note the land measurement is in Acres, Rods and Perches: 4 rods = 1 acre 1 rod = 40 perches 160 perches = 1 acre Sometimes customers might know land was put aside but didn t know the block name or number. The gazette would be helpful for this. You could then go to the TPK Māori land database to locate a map and view the block and boundaries. Land for Kohanga and Kura LAND FOR KŌHANGA AND KURA Land put aside for Kōhanga reo or Kura Kaupapa is recorded in the gazette. The notice will state the purpose land is reserved, name of land block and district it is in, name of iwi, and kōhanga or kura. It will also state how much land is to be set aside Or the gazette can contain information about the original purpose and aims of the kura, it also contains the constitution of the kura, e.g. how many board members to the trustee. Some records note names of trustees or changes to trustees. Sometimes kura, Māori groups or iwi want to know when their kura or kōhanga was set up. Often they do not keep records of their own. The gazettes also contain notices of cancellation of kōhanga licenses, although they don t state why. Land Alienation LAND ALIENATION The passing of title from one title to another. Land was alienated from Māori in many ways some was sold to the government or other buyers, often for very low prices, other areas were confiscated for European settlement. The Native Land Court converted customary title to freehold, often leading to further losses of land. Records show type of alienation, Block and land owner and person its being transferred to. This can help customers understand how land changed ownership 14

15 Land Investigations and Amendments LAND INVESTIGATIONS, AMENDMENTS AND PETITIONS Māori often went to court to appeal decisions, and land claims investigated and have mistakes fixed up, and in this case they are asking for an inquiry into a court mistake over ownership of two blocks of lands. Sometimes there are investigations over boundaries and therefore this information is recorded and investigated. Mistakes made in the early 1800 s are still being presented in court today and records in the NZ gazette can help with that. LAND PARTITIONS A Māori Land Partition is the term used when Māori Land is subdivided. Name of applicants applying for partition and name of block is recorded. Partitions are ordered by the Māori Land Court There are generally two types of partition. One is a hapū partition, where the parcels of land created will be held by members of the same hapu or family. The other is a Full Partition, where the parcels may not be held by members of the same hapū. Land Succession LAND SUCCESSION AS EARLY AS 1939 These records can gives us the name of the person applying for succession to land, the name of the deceased and the block of land. Generally the person succeeding is related, usually a child of the deceased but not always, especially if the deceased had no issue. So could be next of kin, uncle, brother etc or in some cases the trustee. Many people come in to find out how they succeeded to land. If we cant find this from the Māori Land Court minute books the NZ Gazette is a useful resource since the records are pre This can help whānau understand why a certain family has ownership to a block of land. Whakapapa Land taken under the Public Works Act Establishment of Māori incorporations Names of Māori killed in battle Board of trustees Māori members of parliament Rāhui notices Electoral Boundaries And much more WHAT ELSE IS IN THE GAZETTES Whakapapa because the NZ gazettes contain so many tupuna names with succession orders etc this is useful when whānau are looking for whakapapa. Generally if I couldn t find anything in the Māori Land Courts I would try the NZ Gazettes because their records are pre 1865 Land taken under the Public Works Act Establishment of Māori incorporations Names of Māori killed in battle Board of trustees Māori members of parliament Rāhui notices 15

16 1 Pipiri 2012 Pānui submissions for issue: Ngahuru 2012 Contact: 7 Mahuru 2012 Ngā Kaiwhakahau Hui Papaioea tbc Contact: 4-5 Hōngongoi 2012 Ngā Kaiwhakahau Strategic Planning Hui Tāmaki Makaurau Contact: Mahuru 2012 Te Rōpū Whakahau Dinner at LIANZA Papaioea (date to be confirmed) Contact: Te Rōpū Whakahau Haere Whakamua (Strategic Plan) is now available online Visit About Us