STEM notebook should include an updated Table of Contents at the beginning.

Transcription

1 STEM Notebook Table of Contents STEM notebook should include an updated Table of Contents at the beginning. After a few blank pages, the content begins. Each page should have a Heading (also in the Table of Contents), an objective (I can statement), and a warm-up before the notes. If a heading and objective is the same as the day before you may continue on the same page, if it is different start a new one.

2 What is Engineering? I can define engineering. I can compare and contrast science and engineering. Engineering is Using math and science to build and design things to solve problems or make life easier. Engineers build, design, test Science Both Engineering Nature Experiment Technology Fossils Test Man-made things Things that are already here Study to understand Scientific Method Math Use the other discipline (engineering uses science, sciences uses engineered things) Work with biotic and abiotic things New stuff Solve problems/ change life Engineering Design Process

3 Engineering Fields I can identify and describe the 6 main fields of engineering. Engineering Fields Chemical Broad education with Science, Math, writing classes Must have Bachelors Degree and licensing exams Make or work with paper, plastics, metals, liquids, crystals, fuels Civil Broad education with Science, Math, Structures, may specialize Must have Bachelors Degree and licensing exams Make or work with construction or design of physical environments, roads, bridges, buildings, sewage systems, subways, railroads Electrical Broad education with Science, Math, Physics Must have Bachelors Degree and licensing exams Make or work with electronics, computers, computer programming, optical (light) Mechanical Broad education with Science, Math, Physics, Chemistry Must have Bachelors Degree and licensing exams Make or work with machinery, heat/thermal, power, robotics Specialized/Hybridized Broad education with Science, Math, can need special classes Must have Bachelors Degree and licensing exams

4 Make or work with everything that doesn t fit in the other categories, Agriculture, Nuclear, Biological, Mechatronics (mechanical and electrical) Energy, Petroleum Engineering Technology (technicians) Technical or Community College, possibly on the job training Must have Associates Degree (2 yr.) Make or work with any of the fields above, tend to do hands-on work, build/test/fix not as much design

5 Communication Written I can identify aids and barriers to clear communication Aids to communication Lots of detail Clear wording Lebeled diagrams Ordered/numbered steps Neat writing Correct spelling Barriers to communication Not enough detail Vocabulary (too difficult or easy) Incomplete thoughts/directions Unreadable handwriting Bad grammar Awkward wording Incorrect information

6 Communication Technical Drawing I can identify and describe two different types of technical drawings. I can create a orthographic drawing of a 3-dimensional object. When talking about technical drawing, also called drafting, sketching is drawing free-hand and drawing is using drawing instruments such as rulers, protractors, t-squares, or even computers. An isometric drawing is a drawing that shows three sides of an object in one picture. It shows the top and 2 sides of an object. An orthographic or multiview drawing shows multiples sides of the object each in a 2 dimensional picture. Often you show the top and 2 sides of the object, but you can draw as many sides as needed to show all the details needed. Dimensioning is adding measurements to a technical drawing. Important considerations in dimensioning are accuracy, clearness, completeness and readability.

7 Making an orthographic drawing Step one: Look directly down on the object from the top. Draw a quick sketch of the shape on scrap paper. All edges you can see should be solid lines, any edges you cannot see should be drawn as dashed lines. Step two: Measure all the edges and label the lines with accurate measurements. Step three: Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the front of the object. Step four: Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the right side of the object. Step five: Now get a piece of ½ sheet graph paper and choose a scale (ie. 2 squares = 1 cm). Write the scale in the bottom right hand corner of the page along with your name. Step six: Using a ruler, draw the top of your object neatly and to scale based on your sketch. Draw it in the upper left hand corner of your paper. Step seven: Draw the front of your object right below the top so that the sides are in line with each other. Step eight: Draw the right side of your object to the right of the drawing of the front so that the top and bottom are in line with each other.

8 Communication Charts and Graphs I can identify and common types of charts and graphs. I can choose the most appropriate graph to communicate a set of data. Type Bar Graph Good to use for Comparing categories Example Histogram Comparing numerical data in ranges Line Graph Showing change over time Relationship between variables

9 Stem-and Leaf Plot Organizes data visually Keeps all the data points Circle Graph (pie chart) Comparing parts of a whole Good Graphs have: Title Axis labels Scale Key

10 Test Design I can test paper helicopter designs and collect and analyze data from the tests. Whenever possible design a test that collects DATA Variable anything that can change in an experiment Controlled variable kept the same, most variables should be controlled if possible in an experiment Independent Variable a variable that is purposefully changed, also called manipulated variable Dependent variable a variable that changes in response to the independent variable, also called responding variable

11 Team Work - Stages I can list and describe the various stages of a team. I can describe why teams are used in industry. Warm-up: List as many different teams as you can. Stages of a Team Forming Get to know each other, pick a leader/jobs Storming Feel overwhelmed, have trouble working together, CONFLICT Norming Start to work together and accept each other Performing Working well together, getting a lot done Adjorning goals are accomplished, final product presented, say goodbye Teams are used in industry because: Problems are too complex for 1 person Need more skills and abilities than just 1 person can do Speed more people working on parts at the same time gets it done faster International business world different parts of a project may be in different places

12 Team Work - Evaluation I can develop a rubric to grade my and my team members performance. Warm-up: List what a good team member contributes to a team. Things that are to a group accomplishing a goal. helpful Communicates Shares Kind Responsible Respectful Works hard Creative hurtful Does all the work Doesn t work Bossy Off task Critical

13 Team Work My Contribution I can identify the strengths and weaknesses I bring to a team. Warm-up: List things you are good at doing. Myers-Briggs personality typing Personality test used by industry, we will use a smaller quiz based on it, it breaks personality into 4 parts Favorite World Extroversion (E) extrovert Introversion (I) introvert Outgoing Thought oriented Enjoy socializing Like a few deep friendships Get energy from social situation Get energy from alone time Getting Information Sensing (S) Use their 5 senses Focus on facts and details Prefer hands on work Intuition (N) Notice patterns and impressions Think about the possibilities Like imagination and abstract Making Decisions Thinking (T) Feeling (F) Focus on facts and data Logical Impersonal Dealing with the World Judging (J) Perceiving (P) Prefer structure Open Firm decisions Flexible Principles Adaptible All personality types are equal with strengths and weaknesses. Consider people and emotions, their own and others After taking and scoring the quiz: My type is

14 Basic Description: Strengths of my personality type for group work Weaknesses of my personality type for group work

15 Team Work Roles I can identify the responsibilities of each of the STEM team roles. Warm-up: What does a manager do? Be specific and give examples. Coordinates and assigns employee responsibilities Oversees work quality Does any job under their responsibility as needed Team Work Basics Do your part Use your manners Cooperate, take turns Keep communication positive Listen with respect Follow the golden rule Team Roles Project Manager Makes sure all members contribute Keeps group on task Watches timing/ deadlines Makes sure all aspects of the project are addressed Helps team members confront problems Communication Manager Gets any instructions and papers from Ms. Hanson Communicates instructions to the group Makes sure all paperwork is neatly completed Responsible for safe storage of and handing in of paperwork Makes sure all team members names are on all papers

16 Supply Manager Manages the getting of supplies, who brings what Responsible for safe storage of prototype Responsible for the project budget, Building Bucks and Hanson Hardware purchases Oversees clean-up

17 Engineering Design Process I can identify and demonstrate the steps of the Engineering Design Process. Warm-up: Define the words below Identify know who or what something is, put a name to it Define to give meaning or specifics (details) Alternatives choices, options Implement do, use (build) Evaluate find the value of, test Refine improve, make better Engineering Design Process- the process of designing a system, component, or process to meet a desired need Identify and define the problem Describe it including time, supplies and other important details Gather information - research, find out what others have done Refine - make modifications to try to get the prototype to work, this restarts the cycle Evaluate solution - test the prototype to see if it worked Identify alternatives - brainstorm, sketch or describe possibilities Select the best solution - always include the why Implement the solution - do it, build the prototype Communicate the solution record all your steps and hand in

18 Simple Machines I can identify and describe the 6 basic simple machines. Work is the energy it takes to move an object. Work = force applied x distance the object moved Inclined Plane - A ramp that reduces the force needed to move an object - it has to travel farther though Examples: ramp, hill, slide Screw - An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder, used to keep things together or lift things Examples: screw, spiral staircase, parking garage Wedge - Two inclined planes put together. It can be used to split things apart, such as an ax, or to hold things, such as a doorstop. Examples: axe, knife, needle Lever - A bar that rotates around a pivot point called the fulcrum. Examples: see-saw, scissors, pry bar,

19 Wheel and Axel - A wheel attached to a rod or stick Examples: bike, wheelbarrow, car, door knob Pulley - A pulley is a wheel with a groove for a rope. When something is attached to the rope, it can be moved by pulling on the other end that has looped around the pulley.

20 Simple Machines and Mechanical Advantage I can explain and calculate the advantage of simple machines. Machines make our lives easier, but they don't reduce work. Instead they reduce the force (effort) needed. Mechanical Advantage is the effort saved by using a machine (the number of times the force exerted is multiplied by the machine) Unit Review m - stands for meter, measures distance N - stands for Newton, measures force J - stands for Joules, measures work Formulas Mechanical Advantage Calculations for Simple Machines Name Formula Hints Inclined Plane MA = length of slope height Wedge MA = length of slope of wedge width Screw MA = (3.14 x diameter) pitch Pitch is the distance between ribs on the Lever MA = length of effort arm length of load arm Wheel and Axle Pulley MA = radius of wheel radius of axle MA = # of rope sections supporting the weight screw Measure each distance to the fulcrum Don t include the rope you would pull