Design recommendations
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- Garry Benson
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1 Wate & Wastewate Design ecommendations fo pump stations with vetically installed Flygt axial- and mixed flow pumps
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3 Contents Flygt PL and LL pump intoduction 4 Geneal consideations fo pumping station design 4 Pumping station with multiple pumps Font inflow to the station 5 Side inflow to the station 6 Pump bay design vaiations Open sump design 7 Fomed intake design 7 Installation components Recommended dimensions Head loss calculations 4 Installation types Installation type 7 Installation type 7 Installation type 8 Installation type 4 8 Installation type 5 9 Installation of pumps 9 Cable potection and suspension fo tube installed pumps 9 Coective measues Pump station model testing Computational modeling Systems Engineeing This document is intended to assist application enginees, designes, plannes and uses of sewage and stom wate systems incopoating Flygt axial- and mixed flow pumps installed in a column A pope design of the pump sump is cucial in ode to achieve an optimal inflow to the pumps Impotant design equiements to be met ae: unifom flow appoach to the pumps, peventing pe-otation unde the pumps, peventing significant quantities of ai fom eaching the impelle and tanspot of settled and floating solids The ITT Wate & Wastewate standad pump station design can be used as is, o with appopiate vaiations accoding to company guidelines Pump and sump ae integal to an oveall system that includes a vaiety of stuctues and othe elements such as ventilation systems and solids handling equipment Opeating costs can be educed with the help of effective planning and suitable opeation schedules ITT Wate & Wastewate pesonnel and publications ae available to offe guidance in these aeas Tansient analysis of pump system behavio, such as ai chambe dimensioning, valve selection, etc, should also be consideed in wastewate pump station design These mattes ae not addessed in this bochue, but ITT Wate & Wastewate can offe guidance Please consult a ITT Wate & Wastewate enginee to achieve optimum pump pefomance, maximum pump life, and a guaantee that poduct waanties ae met The design ecommendations ae only valid fo ITT Wate & Wastewate equipment ITT Wate & Wastewate assumes no liability fo non-itt Wate & Wastewate equipment
4 Flygt PL and LL pump intoduction ITT Wate & Wastewate submesible and veti cally installed axial flow pumps (PL) and mixed flow pumps (LL) have been used in a wide vaiety of applications all ove the wold Applications include stom wate stations and sewage teatment plants, land dainage and iigation systems, fish fams and powe plants, shipyads, amusement paks and many othe applications wheeve lage volumes of wate have to be pumped Flygt submesible PL and LL pumps offe impotant advantages such as: Compact moto and pump unit No sepaate lubication system No extenal cooling system Low opeating sound level Quick connection and disconnection fo installation and inspection Minimal station supestuctue Simple pipe wok Flygt PL and LL pumps ae usually installed in a vetical dischage tube on a suppot flange incopoated in the lowe end of the tube No anchoing is equied because the weight of the pump is sufficient to keep it in place The pumps ae equipped with an anti-otation gusset This aangement povides the simplest possible installation - the pump is just loweed into the dischage tube by hoist o cane Retieval of the pump is equally simple Geneal consideations fo pumping station design The pope design of the pump sump is cucial in ode to achieve an optimal inflow to the pumps Ideally, the flow at the pump inlet should be unifom and steady, without swil, votices o entained ai Non-unifom flow at the pump intake can educe efficiency and cause pulsating loads on the popelle blades, esulting in noise and vibations Unsteady flow can also cause fluctuating loads, noise and vibations Swil in the intake can change the head, flow, efficiency and powe in undesiable ways It can also augment votices Votices with a coheent coe cause discontinuities in the flow and can lead to noise, vibation and local cavitation Votices emanating fom the fee suface can become sufficiently poweful to daw ai and floating debis into the pump Entained ai can educe the flow and efficiency, causing noise, vibation, fluctuations of load and consequent physical damage Expeience with designs aleady in use povides valuable guidelines fo the design of multiple pump stations Adaptations of existing and wellpoven designs can often povide solutions to complex poblems even without model tests ITT Wate & Wastewate has extensive expeience based on many successful pojects, and the sevices of ou qualified enginees ae always available Fo special applications beyond the scope of this bochue, please contact you local ITT Wate & Wastewate system enginee fo assistance Flygt axial flow pumps (PL) Flygt mixed flow pumps (LL) 4
5 Pumping station with multiple pumps Multiple pump systems povide geate capacity, opeational flexibility and inceased eliability, which is why pumping stations ae usually equipped with two o moe pumps Tansition to the sump, whethe diveging, conveging o tuning, should esult in nealy unifom flow at the sump entance Obstacles that geneate wakes should not be allowed to intefee with the appoaching flow High velocity gadients, flow sepaation fom the walls and entainment of ai should be avoided Hydaulically, thee zones of the pumping station ae significant: inlet, foebay and pump bay Font inflow to the station If wate appoaches the station paallel to the sump centeline, the inlet should be placed symmetically with espect to the pumps If the width of the inlet is less than the total width of the pump bays, the foebay should divege symmetically The total angle of divegence should not exceed fo Open Sump Intake Design o 4 fo Fomed Intake Design The bottom slope in the foebay should not be lage than If these paametes cannot be met, flow diection devices should be used to impove the flow distibution Such aangements and moe complex layouts should be investigated, using model tests, in ode to aive at suitable designs Pump bay Foebay Inlet aea Inlet: An inlet conveys wate to the pumping station fom a supply souce such as a culvet, canal o ive Usually, the inlet has a contol stuctue such as a wei o a gate Foebay: The ole of the foebay is to guide the flow to the pump bays in such a way that it is unifom and steady Because the inflow to each module should be steady and unifom, the design of the foebay feeding the individual modules is citical and should follow guidelines in this bochue Design of the foebay depends on wate appoach to the pumping station commonly encounteed as paallel with the sump centeline, the pefeed layout, o pependicula to the sump centeline 5
6 Side inflow to the station When the inflow is pependicula to the axis of the pump bays, an oveflow-undeflow wei can help edistibute the flow, as shown to the ight A substantial head loss at the wei is equied to dissipate much of the kinetic enegy fom the incoming flow Altenatively, baffle systems can be used to ediect the flow, but model tests ae then equied to detemine thei coect shape, position and oientation The distance between the wei o baffles and the pump bays must be sufficient to allow eddies to dissipate, and entained ai to escape, befoe the wate eaches the pump inlet Pump bay: In pactice, only the design of the pump bay can be standadized fo a given pump type A popely designed bay is a peequisite fo coect pesentation of flow to the pumps, but it does not guaantee coect flow conditions A bad appoach to the pump bay can distub the flow in the pump intake As a ule of thumb, the appoach velocity to the individual pump bays should not exceed,5m/s The dimensions of the bay s individual modules ae a function of pump size and the flow ate (see page ) 6
7 Pump bay design vaiations Open sump intake design is the most sensitive to non-unifom appoaches, because it equies a longe foebay and longe dividing walls between the individual pump bays than the fomed intake design installations If an open sump intake design is used fo moe than thee pumps, the length of the dividing walls should be at least / of the total width of the sump If flow contaction occus nea the sump entance because of sceens o gates, the sump length should be inceased, to 6D o moe, depending on the degee of contaction Daft tube intakes ae the least sensitive to distubances of the appoaching flow that can esult fom diveging o tuning flow in the foebay, o fom single pump opeation at patial load Theefoe, daft tube intakes, C-configuation, ae nealy always the pefeed choice Open sump intake design Open sump intake design includes devices such as splittes and divide plates that alleviate the effects of mino asymmeties in the appoaching flow Open sump intake design fo Flygt PL pumps Open sump intake design fo Flygt LL pumps Submegence diagam fo open sump intake design The minimum equied submegence of the pump inlet with open sump intake design is a function of the flow ate, the pump inlet diamete and the distibution of the flow at the appoach to the pump Each diagam has thee cuves fo vaious conditions of the appoaching flow Because votices develop moe eadily in a swiling flow, moe submegence is equied to avoid votices if the inlet aangement leads to distubed flow in the sump Hence, the uppe cuve in the submegence diagams is fo a pependicula appoach, the middle one is fo the symmetical appoach and the lowest cuve fo duty-limited opeation time (about 5 hous/yea) The cuve appopiate to the inlet situation should be used to detemine the minimum wate level in the sump to peseve eliable opeation of the pumps 7
8 Submegence diagam fo open sump intake design Note that NPSH has to be fulfilled accoding to the pefomance cuve fo the designed duty point Lateal appoach Symmetical appoach Limited opeation Flygt LL 85, LL,4,,8,6,4, Q (l/s) Flygt LL,8,6,4,,8,6,4,,8,6,4, 4 Q (l/s) Flygt LL/NL,8,6,4,,8,6,4,,8,6,4, Q (l/s) Flygt LL/NL 7,6,4,,8,6,4, Q (l/s) Flygt LL 56,8,6,4,,8,6, Q (l/s),4,,8,6,4,,8,6,4, Flygt LL 5 Q (l/s) Flygt LL 4,,8,6,4,,8,6 5 5 Q (l/s)
9 Flygt LL 5, LL 6 4 Flygt PL 755, PL 76, PL 765,5,5,5,5, Q (l/s),5,5,5,5,75,,5,5,75, Q (m /s) Flygt PL 7,,8,6,4,,8,6,4, 4 Q (l/s),5,5 Flygt PL 776, PL 78,5,5,5,75,5,5,75,5 Q (m /s) Flygt PL 4, PL 5,,8,6,4,,8,6,4, 4 Q (l/s) Flygt PL 7, PL 75 4,5 4,5,5,5,5,5,,5,,5,,5 4, 4,5 Q (m /s) Flygt PL 75, PL Flygt PL 75, PL 7, PL 75,5 5 4,5,5,,4,6,8, Q (m /s) Q (m 9 /s)
10 Fomed intake design Fomed intake design can be constucted in eithe concete o steel The intake educes distubances and swil in the appoaching flow The inclined font wall is designed to pevent stagnation of the suface flow The geometical featues of this intake povide fo smooth acceleation and tuning as the flow entes the pump The minimum inlet submegence should not be less than nominal diamete (D) This design is ecommended fo stations with multiple pumps with vaious opeating conditions Installation components The objective in the design and development of installation components is to devise simple systems, which offe a wide vaiety of options to deal with most situations These components have been developed to facilitate design wok and estimation of costs Nomally, the installation components will be manufactued locally, based on ITT Wate & Wastewate dawings The dawings can also seve as a basis fo the development of new o modified components which bette match the local equiements and/o manufactuing facilities Dawings ae available fo the following installation components: Column backet (B) fo anchoing the tube B Fomed intake design in concete Cove (C) fo dischage elbows (E and E) C Fomed intake design in steel
11 Vetical dischage column (D) in which the pump is set Depending upon the depth of the station, the installation may consist of one pat (D) o seveal pats joined togethe by flanges (D), o it may consist of a shot tube pepaed fo gouting in concete (D) D D D Dischage elbows (E) with ectangula exit flange (E) and dischage elbows with cicula exit flanges (E, E, E4) E E E E4 Intake device is pefeable fo vey advese inflow conditions o when pump bay dimensions ae less than ecommended The main function of the intake device is to peseve an optimal inflow to the pump by gadual acceleation and ediection of the flow towad the pump inlet Suppoting fame (F) fo suspending the tube fom the ceiling F
12 Recommended dimensions Fomed intake design Open sump intake design All dimensions ae in metes [m] Nom dia Pump type (mm) B C D E F G H J K L M N P S W LL85 LL/NL 5,8,5,5, ,6,88,,5,,9, LL/NL7 PL7 PL5 6,45,,6, - - -,75,5,4,,5,, LL5 PL745 PL75 7,5,5,7, ,88,,8,5,8,7,4 PL755 PL76 PL765 LL 8,6,4,8, ,,4,,4,,,6 LL/NL LL56 LL4 9,68,45,9, ,,58,6,45,,4,8 PL776 PL78,75,5,, ,5,75 4,,5,5,8, PL7 PL75 LL5,9,6,, ,5, 4,8,6,,46,4 LL6 PL75 PL7 4,5,7,4, ,75,45 5,6,7,5,5,8 PL75 PL745 PL75 7,5,5,7,8,56,77,5,7,5,8,56,56,7,7,4 PL755 PL76 8,4,4,8,,64,88,4,8,,,64,64,,8,6 PL765 8,4,4,8,,64,88,4,8,,,64,64,,,6 PL776 PL78,5,5,,4,8,,5,,5 4,,8,8,8,, PL7,6,6,,48,96,,6,,8 4,8,96,96,46,,4 PL75,6,6,,48,96,,6,,8 4,8,96,96,46,5,4 PL75 PL7 4,7,7,4,56,,54,7,4, 5,6,,,5,4,8 PL75 4,7,7,4,56,,54,7,4, 5,6,,,5,75,8 See minimum submegence diagam Open sump intake design fo Flygt PL pumps Open sump design fo Flygt LL pumps
13 Fomed intake design in steel Fomed intake design in concete Small duplex sump only Flygt pumps up to 5
14 Head loss calculations Head losses ae compaatively small fo systems using popelle pumps Even so, an accuate pediction of losses, and hence the total equied head, is cucial when selecting the best pump Popelle pumps have elatively steep head and powe chaacteistics, and an eo in pedicting the total head can esult in a significant change in the powe equied A potentially vulneable situation can aise if head loss is significantly undeestimated, which can mean that a pump opeates against a highe head, delives less flow and uses moe powe Consevative assumptions should thus be made in detemining head loss calculations Q H=( ) K. W. g Flygt P745, P75 E, E5 E W=7 K=.45 E5 W=5 K=.7 E5 W=4 K=.5 E5 W=75 K=.4 E5 W= K= E H HS HS=Static head H=Head loss E5 Side 7 85 H HS HS=Static head H=Head loss E5 Top W Fo all installations descibed heein, the head losses that must be accounted fo occu in the components of the dischage aangement (fiction losses in shot pipes ae usually negligible) The loss coefficients and the head loss as a function of the flow ate fo the system components designed by ITT Wate & Wastewate ae shown in the diagams Fo system components not coveed by this document, loss coefficients can be obtained fom thei manufactues o fom appopiate liteatue Flygt P745, P75 E Do=5 K=.5 Do=6 K=. Do=7 K=. Do=5 K=. Do=6 K=.86 Do=7 K=.77 K: Shap bend = Do K: Smooth bend >, Do E Flygt P745, P75 E, E4 E E4 Do=5 E K=. Do=6 E K=.6 Do=7 E K=. Do=5 E4 K=.4 Do=6 E4 K=.65 Do=7 E4 K=
15 ,,,8,6,4, Flygt P755, P76, P765 E, E5 Q H=( ) K. W. g E W=8 K=,45 E5 W= K=,7 E5 W=6 K=,5 E5 W= K=,4 E5 W=4 K=,,,,,4,5,6,7,8,9,,,,,4,5,6,7,8,9 E H HS HS=Static head H=Head loss E5 Side 8 95 H HS HS=Static head H=Head loss E5 Top W Q H=( ) K. W. g Flygt P776, P78 E, E5 E W= K=.45 E5 W=5 K=.7 E5 W= K=.5 E5 W=5 K=.4 E5 W= K= E H HS HS=Static head H=Head loss E5 Side H HS HS=Static head H=Head loss E5 Top W,6 Flygt P755, P76, P765 E.8 Flygt P776, P78 E,4,,,8 Do=6 K=, Do=7 K=,7 Do=8 K=, Do=6 K=,5 Do=7 K=,85 Do=8 K=,77 K: Shap bend = Do K: Smooth bend >, Do E Do=8 K=.75 Do=9 K=. Do= K=. Do=8 K=. Do=9 K=.8 Do= K=.77 K: Shap bend = Do K: Smooth bend >, Do E,6.,4.,.,,,,4,5,6,7,8,9,,,,,4,5,6,7,8, ,8,7,6,5 Flygt P755, P76, P765 E, E4 E E4 Do=6 E K=, Do=7 E K=,54 Do=8 E K=, Do=6 E4 K=, Do=7 E4 K=,6 Do=8 E4 K=, Flygt P776, P78 E, E4 E E4 Do=8 E K=.78 Do=9 E K=.49 Do= E K=. Do=8 E4 K=.85 Do=9 E4 K=.5 Do= E4 K=.5,4.,.5,.,.5,,,,4,5,6,7,8,9,,,,,4,5,6,7,8,
16 ,6,4,,,8,6,4, Q H=( ) K. W. g Flygt P7, P75 E, E5 E W= K=,45 E5 W=8 K=,7 E5 W=4 K=,5 E5 W= K=,4 E5 W=6 K=,,,6,9,,5,8,,4,7,,,6,9 4, 4,5 E H HS HS=Static head H=Head loss E5 Side 8 95 H HS HS=Static head H=Head loss E5 Top W,,8,6,4,,,8,6,4, Flygt P75, 7, 75 E, E5 Q H=( ) K. W. g E W=4 K=,45 E5 W= K=,7 E5 W=8 K=,5 E5 W=5 K=,4 E5 W=4 K=,,5,,5,,5,,5 4, 4,5 5, 5,5 6, 6,5 7, E H HS HS=Static head H=Head loss E5 Side 8 95 H HS HS=Static head H=Head loss E5 Top W,,,,9,8,7,6,5,4,,, Flygt P7, P75 E Do= K=,5 Do= K=, Do= K=,99 Do= K=,77 K: Shap bend = Do K: Smooth bend >, Do E,,6,9,,5,8,,4,7,,,6,9 4, 4,5,5,4,,,,,9,8,7,6,5,4,,, Flygt P75, P7, P75 E Do= K=,45 Do=4 K=, Do= K=,95 Do=4 K=,77 K: Shap bend = Do K: Smooth bend >, Do E,5,,5,,5,,5 4, 4,5 5, 5,5 6, 6,5 7, Flygt P7, P75 E, E4,6,55 E E4 Do= E K=,66 Do= E K=,,5 Do= E4 K=,7,45 Do= E4 K=,5,4,5,,5,,5,,5,,6,9,,5,8,,4,7,,,6,9 4, 4,5 Flygt P75, P7, P75 E, E4,7,65,6,55 Do= E K=,59 Do=4 E K=, Do= E4 K=,65 Do=4 E4 K=,5,5,45,4,5, E E4,5,,5,,5,5,,5,,5,,5 4, 4,5 5, 5,5 6, 6,5 7, 6
17 Installation types The following examples show possible altenatives using ITT Wate & Wastewate designed installation components Installation type Suitable fo pumping liquid to a ecipient with small level vaiations o whee a shot unning time can be expected, so shut-off devices ae not equied This aangement is simple It involves the least possible numbe of steel components The pump is set in a cicula concete shaft with a elatively shot tube gouted in place, installation component D, which is used as the base fo the pump Altenatively, the shaft can have a ectangula coss-section above the dischage column The shaft extends above the maximum wate level in the outlet channel to pevent wate fom unning back to the sump when the pump is shut off Installation type An altenative to the concete shaft is to place the pump in a steel column with a colla that ests on a suppoting fame (installation component D) The top of the pipe must extend sufficiently above the maximum wate level to pevent back-flow fom the outlet channel 7
18 Installation type This aangement may be used with eithe a fee dischage, when liquid is pumped to a ecipient with small wate level vaiations, o with a flap valve, when the wate level on the outlet side vaies consideably so that the outlet is occasionally submeged The flow is dischaging into a closed culvet though the component E Installation type 4 This aangement is suitable wheeve the liquid is pumped to a ecipient with a vaying wate level The outlet is equipped with a flap valve to pevent back-flow When the pump is not in opeation, the valve closes automatically, peventing wate fom unning back into the sump The static head is the diffeence between wate level in the sump and wate level at the outlet, and it will be kept to a minimum in this type of installation Elbow type E E4 can be used fo dischaging 8
19 Installation type 5 Installation of pumps Pump installation can be facilitated with the aid of the Dock-Lock device fo easy and safe etieval of pumps in a wet well The Dock-Lock consists of a sping-loaded hooking device, a guide line and a tension dum Because the line guides the hook, thee s no time wasted tying to find the pump shackle The device ensues that the hook actually locks into the shackle Pumps ae etieved safely, easily and quickly, with minimal maintenance costs This easy-to-install elbow constuction allows pumps to wok in combination with a siphon o dischage line When outlet is submeged a siphon beaking valve is equied to pevent back-flow and allow venting at stat This installation keeps the static head to a minimum, since the static head will be the diffeence between the wate level in the sump and the wate level at the outlet Two types of elbows can be used with this station E E4 As in pevious cases, the steel tube ests on a suppot fame (installation component D) Note: Suppot backet (B) should be used if the fee unsuppoted length of the column pipe exceeds 5 times pipe diamete Cable potection and suspension fo tube installed pumps Fo tube-installed submesible pumps, pope cable potection and suspension is essential fo touble fee opeation Cable suspension and potection equiements become moe stingent with longe cable lengths and highe dischage velocities 9
20 A few basic pinciples goven good cable potection and suspension pactices: Cables must be suspended in such a way that if they should move, they will not come in contact with any sufaces which could abade the jacket these include pump and tube components, as well as othe cables Cables should be bundled togethe, using components which will not cut o abade the cables Pope stain elief and suppot at pescibed intevals (depending on length) should be povided Sping-contolled tensioning and an integated guide wie ae ecommended fo long cable lengths ITT Wate & Wastewate offes a vaiety of cable potection and suspension accessoies with ecommendations to suit all types of installations and unning conditions Contact you local ITT Wate & Wastewate Application enginee fo infomation on the best system to meet you needs swil may occu Coective measues must then be undetaken to eliminate the undesiable featues of the flow, paticulaly those associated with excessive swil aound the pump tube, with ai-entaining suface votices and with submeged votices Swil aound the pump tube is usually caused by an asymmetical velocity distibution in the appoach flow Ways should be sought to impove its symmety Subdivision of the inlet flow with dividing walls, and the intoduction of taining walls, baffles o vaied flow esistance ae some options that may achieve this esult Altenatively, a eduction of the flow velocity, fo example, by inceasing the wate depth in the sump, can help to minimize the negative effects of an asymmetical appoach Relatively small asymmeties of flow can be coected by the insetion of splitte plates between the pump tube and the back wall of the sump and undeneath the pump on the floo; these plates block the swil aound the tube and pevent fomation of wall votices These measues ae integal featues in most of ou standad configuations Back wall and floo splitte plates Back wall votex caused by floo splitte only Flygt cable suspension system Coective measues The designs descibed in this bochue have been poven to wok well in pactice Howeve, in some applications pehaps due to limitations of space, installation of new pumps in old stations, o difficult appoach conditions not all the equiements fo a good, simple design can be met Sometimes, fo example, it may be impossible to povide adequate submegence so that some votexing o Submeged votices can fom almost anywhee on the solid bounday of the sump, and they ae often difficult to detect fom above the fee suface Thei existence may be evealed only by the ough unning of the pump o fom eosion of the popelle blades They can be detected much moe eadily in model tests They can be eliminated by distubing the fomation of stagnation points in the flow The flow patten can be alteed, fo example, by the addition of a cente cone o a pismatic splitte unde the pump, o by insetion of fillets and benching between adjoining walls, as in some of ou standad configuations
21 Ai-entaining votices may fom eithe in the wake of the pump tube o upsteam fom it They fom in the wake if the inlet velocity is too high o the depth of flow is too small, and they fom upsteam if the velocity is too low In eithe case, these votices can be eliminated by intoducing exta tubulence into the suface flow, fo example, by placing a tansvese beam o baffle at the wate suface Such a beam should ente the wate at a depth equal to about one quate of the tube diamete and be placed at a point about 5 diametes upsteam of the tube If the wate level vaies consideably, a floating beam can be moe effective In some cases, a floating aft upsteam of the tube will eliminate ai-entaining votices This aft may be a plate o a gid Both foms impede the fomation of suface votices An altenative is the use of an inclined plate simila to that shown in the daft tube installation Suface baffle fo votex suppession though impovements in design that ae technically bette and yet less costly Model testing is ecommended fo pumping stations in which the geomety diffes fom ecommended standads, paticulaly if no pio expeience with the application exists Good engineeing pactice calls fo model tests fo all majo pumping stations if the flow ate pe pump exceeds 5m /s (4USgpm) o if multiple pump combinations ae used Tests ae paticulaly impotant if: Sumps have wate levels below the ecommended minimum Sumps have obstuctions close to the pumps Sumps ae significantly smalle o lage than ecommended (+/- %) Multiple pump sumps equie baffles to contol the flow distibution Existing sumps ae to be upgaded with significantly geate dischages A model of a pumping station usually encompasses a epesentative potion of the headace, the inlet stuctue, the foebay and the pump bays The dischage potion of the flow is seldom included Testing may encompass the following flow featues and design chaacteistics: Inlet stuctue: flow distibution, votex fomation, ai entainment, intusion of sediment and debis Foebay and pump bays: flow distibution, mass swil, suface and bottom votices, sediment tanspot Opeating conditions: pump duty modes, stat and stop levels, pump down pocedues Floating aft o votex beake gid Pump station model testing Hydaulic models ae often essential in the design of stuctues that ae used to convey o contol the flow distibution They can povide effective solutions to complex hydaulic poblems with unmatched eliability Thei costs ae often ecoveed Model testing can also be employed to seek solutions to poblems in existing installations If the cause of a poblem is unknown, it can be less expensive to diagnose and emedy with model studies athe than by tial and eo at full scale The pump manufactue s involvement is often equied in the evaluation of the esults of model tests Expeience is equied to detemine whethe the achieved esults ae satisfactoy and will lead to pope oveall opeation ITT Wate & Wastewate can offe guidance egading the need fo model tests and assist in thei planning, aangement and evaluation
22 Computational modeling Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has the potential of poviding fa moe detailed infomation of the flow field at a faction of cost/ time needed fo the model tests and it has been moe and moe accepted as a tool in station design In combination with Computed aided design (CAD) tools it is possible to obtain a moe efficient method fo numeical simulation of station design CFD offes inceased qualitative and quantitative undestanding of pumping station hydaulics It can povide good compaisons between vaious design altenatives Howeve, the possibilities of CFD should not be oveestimated Difficult cases ae encounteed whee fee suface effects ae impotant fo instance Also, a phenomenon like ai entainment is difficult to captue with CFD analysis Both model tests and CFD have advantages and disadvantages that need to be evaluated in each individual case ITT Wate & Wastewate can advise on a good combination between model tests and CFD Systems Engineeing ITT Wate & Wastewate Systems Engineeing offes in-depth expetise in the design and execution of compehensive solutions fo wate and wastewate tanspot and teatment Ou know-how and expeience ae combined with a boad ange of suitable poducts fo deliveing customized solutions that ensue touble-fee opeations fo customes To do this ou enginees utilize ou own specially developed compute pogams, as well as commecial, fo design and development pojects Scope of assistance includes a thooughgoing analysis of the situation and poposed solutions togethe with selection of poducts and accessoies We also povide hydaulic guidance and assistance fo flow-elated o heological issues Customes tun to us, as well, fo analysis of complex systems fo netwok pumping, including calculations fo hydaulic tansients, pump stats and flow vaiations Additional sevices: Optimization of pump sump design fo ou poducts and specific sites Assistance with mixing and aeation specifications and design of appopiate systems System simulation utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Guidance fo model testing and oganizing it Guidance fo achieving the lowest costs in opeations, sevice and installation Specially developed engineeing softwae to facilitate designing The ange of sevices is compehensive, but ou philosophy is vey simple: Thee is no substitute fo excellence
23
24 What can ITT Wate & Wastewate do fo you? ITT Wate & Wastewate is a global povide of wate handling and teatment solutions fo municipal and industial customes in moe than 4 counties. ITT designs and delives enegy-efficient solutions and elated sevices fo wate and wastewate tanspot, biological teatment, filtation and disinfection. The company employs nealy 5, people though its global sales netwok, manufactuing sites in Euope, Asia and the Ameicas, and global headquates in Stockholm, Sweden. ITT Wate & Wastewate is a business of ITT Copoation, a high-technology engineeing and manufactuing company opeating in thee vital makets: wate and fluids management, global defence and secuity, and motion and flow contol. Design Recommendations.eng.. 44 Tosa Tyckei AB 5
Design recommendations. for pump stations with vertically installed Flygt axial and mixed flow pumps
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