Practical Arduino. Cool Projects for Open Source Hardware. Jonathan Oxer Hugh Blemings

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1 Practical Arduino Cool Projects for Open Source Hardware Jonathan Oxer Hugh Blemings

2 Practical Arduino: Cool Projects for Open Source Hardware Copyright 2009 by Jonathan Oxer and Hugh Blemings All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN-13 (pbk): ISBN-13 (electronic): Printed and bound in the United States of America Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Cover picture of Arduino Duemilanove used with permission of SparkFun Electronics. Publisher and President: Paul Manning Lead Editor: Michelle Lowman Technical Reviewers: Nathan Seidle, Andy Gelme, Thomas Sprinkmeier, Trent Lloyd, Scott Penrose, Marc Alexander, Philip Lindsay Editorial Board: Clay Andres, Steve Anglin, Mark Beckner, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, Jonathan Gennick, Jonathan Hassell, Michelle Lowman, Matthew Moodie, Duncan Parkes, Jeffrey Pepper, Frank Pohlmann, Douglas Pundick, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh Coordinating Editor: Jim Markham Copy Editor: Vanessa Moore Compositor: Bytheway Publishing Services Indexer: Julie Grady Artist: April Milne Cover Designer: Anna Ishchenko Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY Phone SPRINGER, fax (201) , ordersny@springer-sbm.com, or visit For information on translations, please rights@apress.com, or visit Apress and friends of ED books may be purchased in bulk for academic, corporate, or promotional use. ebook versions and licenses are also available for most titles. For more information, reference our Special Bulk Sales ebook Licensing web page at The information in this book is distributed on an as is basis, without warranty. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author(s) nor Apress shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this work. The source code for this book is available to readers at

3 For everyone who looks at the everyday objects around them and sees the potential of what they could become... For all those in the Free & Open Source Software/Hardware Communities that create the tools to help realise those potentials.

4 Contents at a Glance About the Authors... xiv About the Technical Reviewers... xv Acknowledgments... xvii Chapter 1: Introduction...1 Chapter 2: Appliance Remote Control...17 Chapter 3: Time-Lapse Camera Controller...37 Chapter 4: Virtual USB Keyboard...51 Chapter 5: PS/2 Keyboard or Mouse Input...63 Chapter 6: Security/Automation Sensors...81 Chapter 7: Online Thermometer Chapter 8: Touch Control Panel Chapter 9: Speech Synthesizer Chapter 10: Water Flow Gauge Chapter 11: Oscilloscope/Logic Analyzer Chapter 12: Water Tank Depth Sensor Chapter 13: Weather Station Receiver Chapter 14: RFID Access Control System Chapter 15: Vehicle Telemetry Platform Chapter 16: Resources Index iv

5 Contents About the Authors... xiv About the Technical Reviewers... xv Acknowledgments... xvii Chapter 1: Introduction...1 Fundamentals...2 Sharing Your Work...2 Practical Electronics for Software Developers...2 Current, Voltage, and Power... 2 Mains Is Nasty... 3 Reading Schematics... 4 Resistance and Resistors... 6 Ohm s Law and Current Limiting... 7 Choosing Wire... 9 Diodes... 9 Power Supplies Capacitance and Capacitors ESD Precautions Tools Parts Further Reading Chapter 2: Appliance Remote Control...17 Parts Required...17 v

6 Instructions...19 Test and Investigate Appliance Remote Assemble Reed Relay Shield Connect Reed Relay Shield to Remote Control Create Reed Relay Control Program Test Reed Relay Shield and Sketch Variations...34 Wireless Link Automatic Trigger Socket Connections Chapter 3: Time-Lapse Camera Controller...37 Parts Required...37 Instructions...39 Assemble Prototyping Shield Connect Camera Shutter Release Configure Camera Calculate Photo Interval Configure and Load Sketch Check Memory Capacity Set Up Your Shoot Process the Images Variations...49 Chapter 4: Virtual USB Keyboard...51 Parts Required...51 Instructions...53 Populate Prototyping Shield Prepare the UsbKeyboard Library Compile and Upload Sketch vi

7 Variations...61 Chording Keyboard Chapter 5: PS/2 Keyboard or Mouse Input...63 Parts Required...63 Instructions...64 PS/2 Connections Recycled 6-Pin Mini-DIN Sockets Pin Mini-DIN Panel Sockets PS/2 Extension Cable Keyboard Software Mouse Software Variations Resources...80 Chapter 6: Security/Automation Sensors...81 Parts Required...82 Instructions...84 Security Sensor Basics Assemble Four-Channel Alarm Sensor Shield Install End-of-Line Resistors on Sensor Load Test Program PIR Placement Variations...98 Visual Display Written in Processing Home Security System Multiple Buttons on One Input Chapter 7: Online Thermometer Parts Required Instructions vii

8 Mount PCB Plugs on Shield Connect Data Lines Assemble Sensors Load Program Variations Chapter 8: Touch Control Panel Parts Required Instructions How Resistive Touch Screens Work Basic Touch Screen Connection Test Arduino TouchScreen Library Controlling a Processing Program Construct Hardware for Home Automation Control Panel Calibrate Hot Zones Mount Arduino Chapter 9: Speech Synthesizer Parts Required Instructions Instructions Speech Output Signal Beginning Assembly SpeakJet PWM "Audio" Output Quick Test Fit Status Indicators Making a Line-Level Output Cable On-Board Amplifier Speech Synthesizer Software Create Your Own Messages viii

9 Variations Read SpeakJet Status Resources Chapter 10: Water Flow Gauge Parts Required Instructions Replace Sensor Connector Prepare Prototyping Shield Prepare LCD Module Fit LCD to Case Fit Arduino in Case Determine Scaling Factor Configure, Compile, and Test Sketch Flow Gauge Sketch Install Flow Sensor Variations Online Logging Multiple Sensors Resources Chapter 11: Oscilloscope/Logic Analyzer Parts Required Instructions Assemble the Case Fit the Prototyping Shield Make Test Probes Connection to Circuit under Test Install Software in Arduino Install Processing and Run Visualization Program ix

10 Variations Input Voltage Prescaler Resources Chapter 12: Water Tank Depth Sensor Parts Required Instructions Assemble the Shield Determine Sensor Installation Method Assemble the Sensor Housing Assemble the Arduino Housing Install the WiShield Library and Driver Load the Tank-Level Sketch Prettier Web Interface Calibrating the Empty Tank Level Install the Sensor and Arduino Calibrating the Full Tank Level Variations Upload Data to Pachube Control Pumps or Irrigation Local Level Display Reading Multiple Tanks Chapter 13: Weather Station Receiver Parts Required Instructions Test and Install the Weather Station Understanding the Circuit Assemble the Receiver Shield Weather Station Receiver Program x

11 Twitter Weather Updates Variations Private Online Weather Station Chapter 14: RFID Access Control System Parts Required Instructions Assemble the Prototyping Shield Manual Release Button Assemble the ID-12 Reader Module Assemble the RDM630 Reader Simple Stand-Alone Sketch Install the Strike Plate Install the Reader Install the Arduino Variations Extensible Read Head Speech Synthesizer Feedback Intelligent Desk Pad Resources Chapter 15: Vehicle Telemetry Platform Parts Required Instructions Check the Vehicle Interface Obtain a USB/OBD-II or RS-232 Adapter Test the USB/OBD-II Adapter Understanding OBD-II Modes and Parameters Prepare the USB/OBD-II Adapter Assemble the OBD-II Cable xi

12 Prepare the GPS Module Assemble the Power Supply on the Shield Fit the Serial Connections on the Shield Prepare the VDIP1 Module The LCD Module Logging Control Button and Status LEDs Mount in Sub-Assemblies in the Case OBDuino Mega Sketch Using the OBDuinoMega Sketch Variations Mobile Internet Connection Vehicle Control Speech Synthesizer Output D Accelerometer Digital Compass Knight Rider Style Alarm Status Battery Condition Check Resources Chapter 16: Resources Simple Voltage Regulators Power Dissipation Dropout Voltage Efficiency Driving LEDs Multiplexing Charlieplexing Output Circuitry and Isolation Semiconductor and Mechanical Switches xii

13 Digital Input/Output Expansion Shift Registers as Outputs Shift Registers as Inputs Input Conditioning Voltage Dividers and Nonisolated Input Conditioning Isolated Input Conditioning Inexpensive DIY Prototyping Shields Writing an Arduino Library Develop Functionality as a Sketch Create the Library Header File Create the Library Class File Create the Example Sketch Create Supporting Files Platform-Specific Variations Index xiii

About the Authors Jonathan Oxer, who has been labeled Australia's Geekiest Man, has been hacking on both hardware and software since he was a little child.

He is author of a number of books including How to Build a Website and Stay Sane, Ubuntu Hacks, and Quickstart Guide to Google AdWords. Oxer is set to host an upcoming TV show called SuperHouse (www.

14 About the Authors Jonathan Oxer, who has been labeled Australia's Geekiest Man, has been hacking on both hardware and software since he was a little child. He is a former President of Linux Australia, and founder and technical director of Internet Vision Technologies. He is author of a number of books including How to Build a Website and Stay Sane, Ubuntu Hacks, and Quickstart Guide to Google AdWords. Oxer is set to host an upcoming TV show called SuperHouse ( which features high-tech home renovations, open source automation systems, and domestic hardware hacking. He has appeared on toprating TV shows and been interviewed on dozens of radio stations about his home-automation system. He was technical supervisor for the first season of the reality TV show The Phone, has connected his car to the Internet for and has even been surgically implanted with an RFID chip. Oxer is also a member of the core team of Lunar Numbat ( an Australian group working with the European team White Label Space ( on an unmanned moon mission for the Google Lunar X-Prize. Hugh Blemings took a radio apart when he was about eight years old and never recovered. From this start and an interest in ham radio, an early career in hardware and embedded software development easily followed, back when 68HC11s were the latest and greatest. Blemings has been working on Free Software since the mid 1990s for fun, and in a (still fun!) professional capacity since He was co-author of the gnokii project and developed kernel device drivers for the Keyspan USB-serial adaptors. Blemings worked at IBM's Linux Technology Centre as a open source hacker in the Canberra-based OzLabs team for just shy of eight years doing everything from first-line management to Linux kernel porting for embedded PowerPC platforms. He now works on Ubuntu Linux at Canonical in the kernel team, but remains firmly of the view that any day that involves a soldering iron, a 'scope, and emacs is a good day. xiv

Andy Gelme is a distributed systems designer, currently working for Geekscape in Melbourne, Australia.

15 About the Technical Reviewers Nathan Seidle is the founder of SparkFun Electronics based in Boulder, Colorado. When he's not building large blinky things for BurningMan, Nathan designs development tools to enable users to build their wild imaginations. Andy Gelme is a distributed systems designer, currently working for Geekscape in Melbourne, Australia. Throughout his career, he has enjoyed playing at the extremes of the computing landscape, from networks of embedded microprocessors to supercomputers. His current focus is on software and hardware development based around the Internet of Things, in particular the Aiko platform. He is also a co-founder of the Connected Community HackerSpace (Melbourne). Thomas Sprinkmeier graduated from the University of South Australia in 1992 with a degree in electronics engineering. It was there that he was seduced by PCs early in his first year. He was intrigued by free as in beer about a decade ago, and subverted by free as in speech soon after. Thomas is a recovering sysadmin. Trent Lloyd lives in Perth, Australia, and works as MySQL Technical Support Engineer for Sun Microsystems. He is also the director and lead developer for Web in a Box. In addition, he is co-author of the Avahi project, an amateur poker player, and a Star Trek fan. Scott Penrose is a full-time developer in Linux. He is the principal architect at myinternet Limited and the owner of Digital Dimensions. He lives with his wife Amanda and his beautiful daughter Teha in Melbourne, Australia. xv

Alexander does automotive and consumer electronics design and loves devices that just work, hiding the thorough development underneath.

16 ABOUT THE TECHNICAL REVIEWERS Marc Alexander is an embedded electronics engineer, programmer, and gadget-head. He has worked on projects from the Apple Newton as well as another favorite area real-time control and engine-management systems, including the Wolf3D and Bike Interceptor. Alexander does automotive and consumer electronics design and loves devices that just work, hiding the thorough development underneath. Philip Lindsay has a particular interest in the intersection of software, hardware, craft, and art. He has integrated network and USB technologies into the Arduino ecosystem. Occasionally, he can be heard mumbling how a prominent industry figure once called him a troublemaker for his Google Maps reverse engineering. xvi

17 Acknowledgments From the Authors, our thanks to: The tech reviewers who provided us the benefit of their expertise and years of experience: Andy Gelme, Marc Alexander, Nathan Seidle, Trent Lloyd, Scott Penrose, Thomas Sprinkmeier, and Philip J Lindsay. The core Arduino team whose vision conjured the whole Arduino ecosystem into existence: Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, David Mellis, and Nicholas Zambetti. The parts suppliers who were so helpful when it came to sourcing the random assortment of bits needed for developing these projects: SparkFun, AsyncLabs, and NKC Electronics. Arduino developers everywhere. The amazing success of Arduino is due to the strong community that has blossomed around it. It's a beautiful thing when imaginative people have new tools placed in their hands, and the results have been inspirational to us both. Michelle Lowman and James Markham, our editors at Apress who had to turn out of bed early to catch us in a totally different timezone on our weekly update call. From Jon: More thanks than I can express to Ann, Amelia, and Thomas. Their patience during this project has been amazing. Thankyou to my parents, Michael and Jenny, who never imposed restrictions on my wild ideas and taught me that no dream is too big to pursue. And for buying me a subscription to an electronics magazine when I was just a little tacker with a burning curiosity about the way things work. And to Hugh Blemings, my partner in crime whose patient discussions during many late-night phone calls helped me understand far more about Arduino. From Hugh: A profound thankyou to Lucy and Rachael for their love and support, for tolerating the smell of solder from the end room and for making the greater journey so worthwhile. My thanks also to my parents, Brian and Rosemary Blemings, who raised Kay and I to have enquiring minds and happily answered innumerable Why..? questions during the formative years. My father also helped me take that first alarm clock apart :) Thank you Jon for inviting me to be a part of this project and for kind words during some tricky periods in the writing process. xvii

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