4G: Deployment Strategies and Operational Implications. Trichy Venkataraman Krishnamurthy Rajaneesh Shetty

Transcription

1 4G: Deployment Strategies and Operational Implications Trichy Venkataraman Krishnamurthy Rajaneesh Shetty

2 4G: Deployment Strategies and Operational Implications Copyright 2014 by Trichy Venkataraman Krishnamurthy and Rajaneesh Shetty This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. ISBN-13 (pbk): ISBN-13 (electronic): Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Managing Director: Welmoed Spahr Lead Editor: Nikhil Chinnari Technical Reviewers: Biljana Badic and Annam Kishore Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Gary Cornell, Louise Corrigan, Jonathan Gennick, Robert Hutchinson, Michelle Lowman, James Markham, Matthew Moodie, Jeff Olson, Jeffrey Pepper, Douglas Pundick, Ben Renow-Clarke, Gwenan Spearing, Matt Wade, Steve Weiss Coordinating Editor: Mark Powers Copy Editor: Mary Bearden Compositor: SPi Global Indexer: SPi Global Artist: SPi Global Cover Designer: Anna Ishchenko Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer Science+Business Media New York, 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY Phone SPRINGER, fax (201) , orders-ny@springer-sbm.com, or visit Apress Media, LLC is a California LLC and the sole member (owner) is Springer Science + Business Media Finance Inc (SSBM Finance Inc). SSBM Finance Inc is a Delaware corporation. For information on translations, please rights@apress.com, or visit Apress and friends of ED books may be purchased in bulk for academic, corporate, or promotional use. ebook versions and licenses are also available for most titles. For more information, reference our Special Bulk Sales ebook Licensing web page at Any source code or other supplementary material referenced by the author in this text is available to readers at For detailed information about how to locate your book s source code, go to

3 To my parents To Ramya for all love and support To Advu & Advi for bearing with appa To SG Ganesh for inspiring me Trichy Venkataraman Krishnamurthy This book is dedicated to my dear father Sudhakar Shetty, my mother Veena, my dear wife, Rashmi, and my two little sons Aarav and Atharv who have been and remain to be my inspiration and support. Rajaneesh Shetty

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5 Contents at a Glance About the Authors...xiii Introduction... xv Chapter 1: Network Planning...1 Chapter 2: Self-Organizing Networks in LTE Deployment...37 Chapter 3: Deployment Challenges in Evolving 4G...65 Chapter 4: Network Roadmaps...89 Chapter 5: Network Roadmap Evolution Chapter 6: A Process for Network Roadmap Evolution Index v

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7 Contents About the Authors...xiii Introduction... xv Chapter 1: Network Planning...1 Dimensioning Phase...2 Configuration for the Site... 2 User and Traffic Volume Estimation... 2 Coverage and Capacity Estimation... 3 Planning and Implementation Phase...4 Optimization Phase...4 Coverage Planning... 5 Capacity Planning...6 Improve Capacity for a Particular Service Area... 6 Radio Link Budget for LTE... 7 LTE Band...10 Bandwidth Options TDD vs. FDD...12 MIMO UE Capabilities Cell Sizes: Femto vs. Micro vs. Macro LTE Performance Testing Key Performance Indicator Verification vii

8 Contents Traffic Model Testing...21 Dense Urban Model Urban Small Office Model Urban Residential Area Model Highway Model Rural Large Cell Model Overload and Capacity Testing...33 Control Plane Overload and Capacity Testing: User Plane Overload and Capacity Testing Long Duration Testing Summary...35 Chapter 2: Self-Organizing Networks in LTE Deployment...37 Introduction to Self-organizing Networks...37 SON Architecture...37 Centralized SON Distributed SON Hybrid SON SON Features...42 Self-planning Features Self-optimization Features Self-healing Features Automatic Neighbor Relation...47 Commissioned Neighbor Cell Configurations Automatic Neighbor Relation Updates SON and Self-Optimization Motivation of Intercell Interference Coordination...52 Principle of ICIC and Frequency Reuse RACH Optimization Mobility Robustness Optimization Load Balancing viii

9 Contents SON and Self-healing...61 Cell Outage Detection Cell Outage Compensation Benefit of Cell Outage Compensation Summary...63 Chapter 3: Deployment Challenges in Evolving 4G...65 Technology-Related Challenges...65 Interference Issues Spectrum Harmonization Voice Over LTE Implementation Multivendor Interoperability Issues Related to Backhaul Environment Issues...68 UE Maturity Feature Availability Standardization Delays Patent Costs Business Challenges...70 Investment Issues Average Revenue per User and Return on Investment Periods The Changing Marketplace A Survey of LTE Deployments Around the World...72 South Korea Japan Australia United States Traffic Profiles and Other Evolution Challenges...74 Recent Trends in Telecom Customer Profiles Evolution ix

10 Contents Future Traffic Profiles and Trends...81 The Internet of Things G and the Internet of Things Summary...88 Chapter 4: Network Roadmaps...89 What Is a Technology Roadmap?...90 Understand Need for a Roadmap Formulation of a Technology Roadmap What Is a Network Roadmap?...98 Network Options Deployment Options Usage Models What Influences Network Roadmap Planning? Key Stakeholders for Roadmap Inputs Known Factors Disruptive (Risk) Factors Summary Chapter 5: Network Roadmap Evolution Planned Evolution Network Resilience Reactive Evolution to Sudden Changes A Generic Template A Specific Example Anticipation of Changes in Industry The Decline of BlackBerry Future Goals and Services from a Business or Organization Perspective Organizational Factors Response Team in Place Business Continuity Planning Cultural Encouragement to Embrace Futuristic and Even Fantastic Scenarios x

11 Contents Roadmap Mutability Roadmap Agility Summary Chapter 6: A Process for Network Roadmap Evolution Aspects of Network Roadmap Management Roadmap Development Cycle Roadmap Execution: Programs, Projects, and Portfolios Factors Affecting Roadmap Development Project Management Processes Develop Roadmap Management Plan Develop Roadmap Management Plan: Tools and Techniques Define Roadmap Execute Roadmap Perform Roadmap Review Perform Roadmap Change Control Plan Resilience Management Define Service Levels Perform Challenge KPI Impact Analysis Define Resilience Strategy Perform Network Resilience Review Plan Operability Management Summary Index xi

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13 About the Authors T. V. Krishnamurthy has worked in the telecommunications industry for more than 15 years. He has been strongly involved in radio technologies for nearly a decade while working with Siemens communications and Nokia Siemens networks and now the Radisys Corporation. He has been involved in varying roles from software development to team leadership to feature specifications and architecture work and project management, with varied radio technologies like 3G-RNC, WCDMA BTS, WiMAX BTS, and now recently LTE. He has also worked in specifying and developing features for Internet HSPA. His interests include software engineering, requirements engineering, QoS, and scheduler implementations. He also has published papers in the areas of knowledge management and software engineering. He holds an IEEE CSDP certification and is a qualified CSDP trainer, a practicing PMI certified project management professional (PMP), and a PMP trainer. He lives and works out of Bangalore, India. Rajaneesh Shetty is a telecom specialist with nearly 13 years of continuous and progressive international (multicultural) experience in development and testing lifecycle of telecom products using state-of-the-art technologies, with positions spanning development to technical leadership and management. He has worked on telecom projects with Infosys in core networks, Nokia Siemens networks in radio networks, and now in RMA (radio mobile access) with LTE solutions. He has experience in diverse network technologies such as LTE-TDD, LTE-FDD, UMTS, 3G, GSM, GPRS, HSPA, RRC, MAC, layer 3, core networks, HLR, IN, and billing. He has rich experience in various activities like feature analysis, specification, development, integration, and testing. He has also been involved in technical management of telecom system projects. His current interests include LTE system testing strategies, self-organizing networks, and enhanced customer experience. He lives and works out of Bangalore, India. xiii

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15 Introduction This book evaluates a range of design and deployment strategies for LTE network business development, and presents a process for planning and evolving network roadmaps. Among those who will find this book useful are new field engineers who have been entrusted with the arduous tasks of deploying 4G networks. The initial chapter in the book endeavors to arm you with enough information to understand what you are doing, and why. The book also demonstrates how self-organizing networks (SON) can help improve the deployment process and help reduce the round trip time in optimizing and tuning your network. Subsequent chapters cover roadmap development and how it improves your ability to plan, build, and deploy more successful networks. From a broader perspective, this book is for all people involved or entrusted with the maintenance of 4G networks, including architects, product managers, and program managers. Senior management executives will also find the book valuable, as it give them the requisite knowledge to better ensure that relevant stakeholders are involved in the process of roadmap management and evolve strategies to ensure that their 4G networks remain operational, meaningful, and successful. We cover potential roadblocks to successful deployments, and how to avoid or overcome them. We also delve into roadmap management, with suggestions on how to keep them relevant using reliability engineering, organizational culture, and evolution concepts. How This Book Is Structured Chapter 1, Network Planning, covers the nuts and bolts of deployment, and gives a speedy tour of the whole process. Chapter 2, Self-Organizing Networks and LTE Deployment, gives a general overview of SON concepts, and helps explain how SON attempts to solve various deployment issues. Chapter 3, Deployment Challenges in Evolving 4G, introduces readers to the challenges of LTE deployment, and highlights trends in user and traffic profiles, as well as newer trends like the Internet of Things, which need to be accounted for by LTE networks. Chapter 4, Network Roadmaps, introduces roadmap concepts for networks and provides further coverage of factors that can affect stakeholders. Chapter 5, Network Roadmap Evolution, focuses on how network roadmaps have to evolve and adapt to changes in technology, markets, deployments, and traffic patterns. Chapter 6, A Process for Network Roadmaps Evolution, presents a detailed set of processes for network roadmap management and evolution. Prerequisites For the deployment-related sections of the book, readers are expected to have knowledge of LTE and radio basics, and have some practical idea of what is to be accomplished. For sections covering network roadmap management and evolution, readers should have a basic understanding of network product development. xv