Arduino Wearables. Tony Olsson. Apress

Transcription

1 Arduino Wearables Tony Olsson Apress

2 Arduino Wearables Copyright 2012 by Tony Olsson This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher's location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. ISBN ISBN (ebook) Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. President and Publisher: Paul Manning Acquisitions Editor: Michelle Lowman Development Editor: Matthew Moodie Technical Reviewer: Anne Niemetz Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Gary Cornell, Louise Corrigan, Morgan Ertel, Jonathan Gennick, Jonathan Hassell, Robert Hutchinson, Michelle Lowman, James Markham, Matthew Moodie, Jeff Olson, Jeffrey Pepper, Douglas Pundick, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Gwenan Spearing, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh Coordinating Editor: Jessica Belanger Copy Editor: Kimberly Burton Compositor: Bytheway Publishing Services Indexer: SPi Global Artist: SPi Global Cover Designer: Anna Ishchenko Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer Science+Business Media New York, 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY Phone SPRINGER, fax (201) , orders-ny@springer-sbm.com, or visit For information on translations, please rights@apress.com, or visit Apress and friends of ED books may be purchased in bulk for academic, corporate, or promotional use. ebook versions and licenses are also available for most titles. For more information, reference our Special Bulk Sales ebook Licensing web page at Any source code or other supplementary materials referenced by the author in this text is available to readers at For detailed information about how to locate your book s source code, go to ii

3 To whomever it may concern -Tony iii

4 Contents at a Glance About the Author xv About the Technical Reviewer xvi Acknowledgments xvii Preface... xviii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Software 15 Chapter 3: Hardware 31 Chapter 4: Smart Materials and Tools 53 Chapter 5: LED Bracelets 73 Chapter 6: Solar-Powered Glow-in-the-Dark Bag 95 Chapter 7: Piano Tie 115 Chapter 8: Bag Alarm 141 Chapter 9: Beatbox Hoodie 165 Chapter 10: Sunshine Umbrella 187 Chapter 11: Beat Dress 211 Chapter 12: Shape Memory Flower 233 Chapter 13: EL Wire Dress 251 Chapter 14: Making Things Tiny 279 Index 309 iv

5 Contents About the Author xv About the Technical Reviewer xvi Acknowledgments xvii Preface xviii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Wearables 1 World, Say Hello to Arduino 3 Sharing is Caring 4 Talking the Talk 5 Wearables 5 Wearable Computing 5 Inflatables 5 Moveables 5 Haptics 6 Embedded Technology 6 E-textile 6 Conductive Materials 6 Hacking 6 Prototyping 7 Techno Fashion 7 Interactivity 7 v

6 CONTENTS DIY 8 High and Low Tech 8 Critical Design 8 Physical Computing 9 Work Process 10 The Idea 10 Researching 11 Design 11 Building and Testing 11 Where to Buy Stuff 11 SparkFun Electronics 11 Adafruit Industries 11 RS Components 12 Farnell 12 Robot Italy 12 PlugHouse 12 Seeed Studio 12 Squarebit 12 electro:kit 12 Arduino Store 12 LessEMF 12 Further Reading 13 Chapter 2: Software 15 Installing the IDE 15 Installing the IDE on Windows 16 Installing the IDE on Mac as x 18 Installing the FTDI Driver on as X 18 Running the IDE 19 vi

7 - CONTENTS Examining the File Menu 20 Examining the Edit Menu 20 Examining the Tools Menu 21 Examiningthe IDE Buttons 21 What Is Software? 24 How We Write Code 25 Variables 25 The Basic Structure of a Program 26 Basic Commands 28 Setting pinmode 28 Writing a Pin's State 29 Adding a Delay 29 Summary 30 Chapter 3: Hardware 31 The Arduino Hardware 31 A Closer Look 31 On the Inside 33 Board Layout. 35 USB Connector 38 Digital Pins 40 Analog Pins 41 Power Pins 42 External Power 43 Electricity 45 Voltage, Current, and Resistance 46 Batteries 47 Battery Connectors 48 vii

8 CONTENTS Testing the Hardware 50 Summary 52 Chapter 4: Smart Materials and Tools 53 Materials 53 Thermochromic Ink 54 Kanthal Wire 55 Conductive Foam 56 Conductive Thread 57 Conductive Textile 58 ConductiveVelcro 59 Conductive Paint 61 Smart Wire 62 Nitinol Wire 62 Tools 63 Alligator Clips 63 Breadboard 64 Multimeter 66 Camera 66 Helping Hands 67 Needle-nose Pliers 68 Soldering Iron 69 Wire Cutters 70 Summary 71 Chapter 5: LED Bracelets 73 Materials and Tools Needed 73 Soft Bracelet 73 Hard Bracelet. 74 viii

9 - CONTENTS Using Multimeters 74 Conductivity 74 Measuring Resistance 76 Measuring Voltage 77 Using LEOs 78 Serial vs. Parallel 79 Basic Schematic for Parallel LED Bracelet Circuit.. 82 Soft Bracelet 82 Step 1 83 Step 2 84 Step 3 84 Step 4 85 Step 5 87 Hard Bracelet 87 Step 1 88 Step 2 90 Step 3 92 Finishing Up 92 Chapter 6: Solar-Powered Glow-in-the-Dark Bag 95 Materials and Tools Needed 95 Solar Panels 96 Power Diode 96 Resistors 96 Making a Battery Charger 98 Making the Bag 101 LOR Sensor Switch 103 Adding thesolar Panel 106 ix

10 CONTENTS Adding the EL Panels 107 Putting Everything Together 109 The Final Bag 112 Wrapping Up 113 Chapter 7: Piano Tie 115 Tools and Materials Needed 115 Making Sounds with Piezos 115 Cutting the Tie 116 Adding the Buttons 116 Stitching the Schematic 119 Checking thelayout 120 Writing the Code 122 Testing the Buttons 123 Making Sound 124 Piecing the Code Together 127 Piano Code 128 Synthesizing 129 Tone and notone 133 Piano Tie Code Using tone and notone 133 Finishing the Tie 135 Wrapping Up 135 Notes and Frequencies 136 Chapter 8: Bag Alarm 141 Tool and Materials Needed 141 Cutting the Shape 141 Analog Sensors 142 x

11 CONTENTS Making an Analog Zipper Sensor 143 Theory Behind the Zipper 145 Testing thezipper 146 Serial Communication 147 Test Code 148 Making the Circuit 150 Stitching the Bag 152 Making the Button Hole 152 Sounding the Alarm 154 Bag Alarm Code 154 Using && 156 Breaking intothe Bag 156 Bag of Fun 159 Using Arrays 159 Storing thenotes and Making Melodies 160 Wrapping Up 163 Chapter 9: Beatbox Hoodie 165 Tools and Materials Needed 165 Making a Hoodie 166 Stitching Things 168 Skin Buttons 170 Button Arm and Hoodie Lining 173 Completing the Circuit 174 Connecting thespeakers 176 The Microphone 178 Battery Pack 179 Arm Buttons 179 xi

12 CONTENTS Coding the Sequencer 180 The Code 180 Time IstheKey 183 milllst) 183 Stereo vs. Mono 183 Final Stitching 184 Wrapping Up 186 Chapter 10: Sunshine Umbrella 187 Materials and Tools Needed 187 Getting Started 188 MUltiplexing 188 Sensing Water 194 Constructing the Umbrella 195 Stitching thewater Sensor 196 Soldering thematrix 197 Hooking Everything Up 202 Writing the Code 204 LED Test Code 204 Random Rain 204 Pin Point Control 206 Wrapping Up 210 Chapter 11: Beat Dress 211 Tool and Materials Needed 211 Getting Started 211 The Little Dress Design 212 Cutting the Dress 212 Reenter the Matrix 213 xii

13 - CONTENTS Dress Stitching and LED Poking 218 Hooking Up thearduino and Microphone 224 Writing the Code 226 Lightning Beat 227 Dress Texting 229 Wrapping Up 231 Chapter 12: Shape Memory Flower 233 Materials and Tools Needed 233 Shape Memory Alloy 234 Generating Heat 234 Testing thewire 234 Creating the Flower 236 Connecting the Flower to a LilyPad 242 Programming the Flower 245 Using Booleans 245 Adding thelight Sensor 246 Reprogramming the Wire 248 Wrapping Up 249 Chapter 13: EL Wire Dress 251 Materials and Tools Needed 251 EL Wire 252 The Dress Design 252 Making the Electronic Belt 256 EL Components 260 Adding Power to the Sequencer 263 Programming the Dress 268 Test Sketch 269 xiii

14 CONTENTS Random Blinking 271 Adding Randomness to the Blinking 271 Fading thewires with PWM 272 Finalizing the Dress 274 Wrapping Up 277 Chapter 14: Making Things Tiny 279 Materials and Tools Needed 279 The ATtiny 280 Libraries and Programming the ATtiny 282 Adding a Library 283 Tiny Speed 284 Programming theattiny 285 The Tiny Chip That Could 289 Three Tiny Projects 290 Skin Sound Bracelet 290 The Angry Rabbit 296 Tiny Boards 303 Wrapping Up 306 Index 309 xiv

15 About the Author Tony Olsson is an Art and Communication (K3) adjunct professor at Malmo University in Sweden. He has worked in academia around the world, introducing technology as a design material beyond traditional engineering. Olsson also works as a digital designer and artist, and is one of the founding members of the design group 1scale 1. His work outside the university involves projects and collaborations that intersect design, fashion, architecture, art, and technology. Olsson is a firm believer in the open-source philosophy. He also believes that any worthwile experience is an educational one and that sharing knowledge is the best way to become better at what you do. xv

16 About the Technical Reviewer Anne Niemetz is a senior lecturer in the Media Programme, School of Design, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. Anne 's research interests and work spans a variety of media, including video, audio, installation, physical computing, and performance design. She is particularly fascinated by areas that combine design and art with technology and science, and she pursues collaborative and crossdisciplinary projects. Anne first became involved in the field of fashion and technology about ten years ago, when she was completing her master's degree in the DesignlMedia Arts department at the University of California, Los Angeles. Her experience led her to create the Wearable Technology course at Victoria University in 2009, which has been and continues to be a source of joy, learning, frustration, surprise, and success. Her work has been exhibited internationally. For more information, visit xvi

17 Acknowledgments First, thanks goes to David Cuartielles, my mentor and friend, for his knowledge and patience during the years. If I never met David, this book would probably never have been written. Thanks to all of our lab assistants at K3, Malmo University for their efforts in the lab during the time I was working on this book, and to Andreas Goransson for his support. Thanks goes to my mother and sister. Even though they do not always understand what I do, they have always supported it. Special thanks goes to David Gaetano, Samson Wiklund, and Jonas Odhner for our past collaboration, which made this book possible. Thanks to the Apress team, who made working on this book a pleasure. Of course, thanks also goes to Massimo Banzi, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, David Mellis, and NicholasZambetti for more thanjusttheir work with Arduino. Finally, thanks to the community and the everyday user for making Arduino the amazing thing it is. xvii

18 Preface Ifthis is your first time working with Arduino or wearables or both, I would like to congratulate you on all the fun times ahead. Breaking stuff has always been a passion of mine-just to look inside to see what makes things work. Later in life, I found a passion for creating and designing new objects. The knowledge in the book you are holding is by no means all my own invention; a large part of the knowledge comes from what other "makers" have shared with me during the years. It's a collection of knowledge from many fields of interest, like design, computer science, fashion, architecture, art, and electronics, which have been molded into projects that teach how to begin making your own wearable technology. When I am not making stuff, I teach others how to make stuff, and during my years doing so, I have learned one important lesson: anyone can learn how to do anything. The only thing you need is the will to do it. With that in mind, learning anything is then just a matter of time. I hope you find that this book helps you with that aspect. Who This Book Is For This book is for those interested in combining electronics with fashion. You might already own an Arduino board and be familiar with the concept of wearable computing, or all of this is completely new to you. The goal of this book is that no matter where you are in your learning process, you find something useful. Through a series of practical projects, this book aims to take complete beginners of programming and electronics from the basics to a fairly advanced level. How to Read This Book This book was written with the intention that most of the information you need to carry out each project is presented in the project's chapter. The chapters introduce you, the reader, to different theories and methods as you move along each chapter. The book starts by explaining the Arduino software and hardware, and gives an introduction to useful tools and materials. The first two projects are not based around the Arduino board, but aim to give the reader a softer start to building wearables that do not require any programming. The remaining chapters introduce programming and gradually become more complex in construction and code. Ifyou are new to the field of wearable computing, I recommend starting at the beginning of the book because it gradually builds upon the knowledge of each chapter. Ifyou are already familiar with working with Arduino, each chaptershould provideyou with the necessaryinformationneeded to complete the project. [fyou feel the need, you can always backtrack. xviii

19 PREFACE What You Need to Know The only preexisting knowledge needed is that you know how to operate a computer and know how to install programs. The book tries to provide you with the rest. This book, however, is based on very practical projects that require a lot of materials and tools. Some of these materials are very specialized and may be a bit difficult to find ifyou don 't know where to look. At the end of Chapter 1, [ provide a list of a few electronics and materials vendors. Downloading the Code The code for the examples shown in this book is available on the Apress web site, can be found on the book's information page under the Source Code/Downloads tab. This tab is located underneath the Related Titles section of the page. Contacting the Author Should you have any questions or comments related to this book, you can contact the author at t.olsson@lscalel.com. xix