Mass$Timber$Building$Systems:$ Understanding$the$Op9ons$

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Teresa Shelton
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1 Mass$Timber$Building$Systems:$ Understanding$the$Op9ons$ Presented(on(May(11 th,(2016(by(bernhard(gafner( P.Eng.,(MIStructE,(C.Eng.,(Dipl.Ing.(FH/STV( ( Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board.

2 The(Wood(Products(Council is( a(registered(provider(with(the( American(InsNtute(of(Architects( ConNnuing(EducaNon(Systems( (AIA/CES),(Provider(#G516.( (! Credit(s)(earned(on(compleNon( of(this(course(will(be(reported(to( AIA(CES(for(AIA(members.( CerNficates(of(CompleNon(for( both(aia(members(and(nontaia( members(are(available(upon( request.( ( ( This(course(is(registered(with( AIA(CES(for(conNnuing( professional(educanon.(as( such,(it(does(not(include( content(that(may(be(deemed( or(construed(to(be(an( approval(or(endorsement(by( the(aia(of(any(material(of( construcnon(or(any(method(or( manner(ovandling,(using,( distribunng,(or(dealing(in(any( material(or(product.( QuesNons(related(to(specific(materials,( methods,(and(services(will(be(addressed( at(the(conclusion(of(this(presentanon.( ( (

3 Course(DescripNon( Mass(Nmber(represents(a(rapidly(advancing(technology(that( can( be( unlized( as( an( alternanve( to( steel( and( concrete( to( frame( a( variety( of( midt( and( hightrise( building( types.( This( presentanon(provides(an(overview(of(available(mass(nmber( systems,( with( an( emphasis( on( their( advantages( and( unique( design( consideranons.( Topics( will( include( connecnons( and( fasteners,(which(differ(from(those(used(in(lighttframe(wood( construcnon,( including( available( opnons( and( code( requirements.(pracncal(design(consideranons(with(regard(to( project(locanon,(climate,(material(sourcing,(weather(and(fire( protecnon,( as( well( as( detailing( for( dimensional( variability,( will(also(be(reviewed.((

4 Learning(ObjecNves( 1) Discuss(mass(Nmber(products(and(building(systems( available(to(north(american(building(designers( 2) Compare(properNes(and(performance(characterisNcs(of( mass(nmber(products(and(review(unique(design( consideranons( 3) Examine(pracNcal(design(consideraNons(related(to(the(use( of(mass(nmber(systems(with(regard(to(project(locanon(and( climate,(sourcing(of(materials,(detailing(for(dimensional( variability,(assessing(connecnon(opnons,(and(evaluanng( cost(efficiency( 4) Evaluate(mass(Nmber(cost(esNmaNng(criteria(and(review( cost(data.((

5 ( Fast(+(Epp( ( ( (

6 + + Vancouver New York Frankfurt Edmonton Seattle

7 TAKE AWAY: KNOW YOUR PRODUCTS BUILD CONTEXT THEN START THE DESIGN

8 OVERVIEW CONTEXT DESIGN

9 OVERVIEW BUILDING SYSTEMS PRODUCTS SIZES

10 OVERVIEW BUILDING SYSTEMS PRODUCTS SIZES

11 LIGHT WOOD FRAME (STICK FRAME)

12 POST + BEAM (WITH MASS TIMBER OR LIGHT WOOD FRAME FLOORS)

13 MASS TIMBER (100%)

14 LIGHT WOOD FRAME POST + BEAM MASS TIMBER

15 LIGHT WOOD FRAME POST + BEAM MASS TIMBER Light Wood Frame MASS TIMBER FLOORS (AND SHEAR WALLS) MASS TIMBER WALLS AND FLOORS

16 LIGHT WOOD FRAME POST + BEAM MASS TIMBER Light Wood Frame LOTS OF VARIATIONS AND HYBRIDS ARE POSSIBLE MASS TIMBER FLOORS (AND SHEAR WALLS) MASS TIMBER WALLS AND FLOORS

17 CONCRETE LIGHT WOOD FRAME MASONRY STRUCTURAL STEEL

18 CONCRETE LIGHT WOOD FRAME MASS TIMBER MASONRY STRUCTURAL STEEL

19 MASS TIMBER CAN BE USED AS ALTERNATIVES TO CONCRETE, MASONRY AND STEEL IN MANY BUILDING TYPES

20 SPEED 25% FASTER Compared to Concrete, based on our experience

21 CONSTRUCTION TRAFFIC 90% LESS Compared to Concrete, based on our experience

22 DECK LABOR 75% LESS Compared to Concrete, based on our experience

23 SITE NOISE Compared to Concrete, based on our experience

24 OVERVIEW BUILDING SYSTEMS PRODUCTS SIZES

27 NLT Nail Laminated Timber

28 NLT Alternative Names: nailed timber, nail-up, edge-lam, brettstapel System: regular framing members (2x, 3x) on edge + fastened together Suppliers: a good carpenter Basic Info: S-P-F / Douglas Fir or any other Floor, roof (and wall) with Plywood sheathing for lateral loads

29 NLT Comments:! Non-standardized panel system but base material covered with grading rules

32 NLT Comments:! Non-standardized panel system but base material covered with grading rules! Specifications

34 NLT Comments:! Non-standardized panel system but base material covered with grading rules! Specifications! Requires care with regards to swelling / shrinkage perpendicular to grain

35 NLT

36 SFU UNIVERCITY CHILDCARE, BURNABY, BC

38 MOUNTAIN EQUIPMENT CO-OP, VANCOUVER, BC

41 GLT Glue Laminated Timber

42 GLT GLT Alternative Names: glued edge laminated timber, edge laminated timber, edge-lam System: glulam beams on edge Suppliers: any glulam supplier Basic Info: S-P-F / D. Fir / Black Spruce / Adhesive: Phenol Resorcinol (black) or Melamine (clear) Adhesive amount: 1% by weight Floor, roof (and wall) with Plywood sheathing for lateral loads

43 GLT GLT Comments:! Standardized product

44 GLT GLT Comments:! Standardized product! Requires care with regards to swelling / shrinkage perpendicular to grain

45 GLT GLT

46 GLT GLT Comments:! Standardized product! Requires care with regards to swelling / shrinkage perpendicular to grain! Glulam beam GLT

47 GLT GLT

48 GLT GLT

49 GLT GLT

50 KIN CENTRE ARENA COMPLEX, PRINCE GEORGE, BC

53 MOSAIC CENTRE, EDMONTON, BC

56 CLT Cross Laminated Timber

57 CLT CLT Alternative Names: cross laminated timber, x-lam System: cross laminated timber panels " 2x members glued together Suppliers: Structurlam (Penticton, BC), Nordic (Montreal, QC), Smartlam (Whitefish, MT), DR Johnson (Riddle, OR), European Suppliers Basic Info: S-P-F / Black Spruce / Adhesive: Polyurethane Adhesive amount: 4% by weight Floor, roof and wall with joints detailed for lateral loads

58 CLT CLT Comments:! Standardized product

59 CLT CLT Comments:! Standardized product! Dimensionally very stable

60 CLT

61 CLT Comments:! Standardized product! Dimensionally very stable! Two directional span capabilities

62 CLT

63 UHNBC LEARNING & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE, PRINCE GEORGE, BC

70 UBC STUDENT RESIDENCE, VANCOUVER, BC

75 SCL - LSL Laminated Strand Lumber

76 Solid LSL LSL Alternative Names: System: n/a laminated strand lumber (timber strands glued together) Suppliers: Weyerhaeuser*, Louisiana Pacific, Basic Info*: Material/fibre: Aspen Harvesting cycle: 60 to 70 years Adhesive: MDI - Isocyante Adhesive amount: 6% by weight Floor, roof and wall with joints detailed for lateral loads (limited thicknesses!)

77 Solid LSL LSL Comments:! Standardized product

78 Solid LSL LSL Comments:! Standardized product! Dimensionally stable in plan, sensitive to moisture in its thickness

79 Solid LSL

80 GILMORE SKYTRAIN STATION, BURNABY, BC

82 GUILDFORD RECREATION CENTRE, SURREY, BC

87 GUILDFORD RECREATION CENTRE, SURREY, BC

88 SCL - LVL Laminated Veneer Lumber

89 Solid LVL LVL Alternative Names: System: together) Microlam, Versalam laminated veneer lumber (veneers stacked & glued Suppliers: Louisianan Pacific*, Weyerhaeuser, Boise Cascade, West Fraser, Metsawood, Basic Info*: Material/fibre: D. Fir Harvesting cycle: 80 years Adhesive: Phenol Formaldehyde Adhesive amount: 7% by weight Floor, roof and wall with joints detailed for lateral loads (limited thicknesses!)

90 Solid LVL LVL Comments:! Standardized product

91 Solid LVL LVL Comments:! Standardized product! Dimensionally stable in plan (can even add cross layers), sensitive to moisture in its thickness

92 Solid LVL

93 Solid PARASOL, LVL SEVILLA, SPAIN

94 SCL - SECONDARY LAMINATED LVL

95 Brisco SECONDARY Fine Line LAMINATED LVL LVL Alternative Names: System: N/A laminated veneer lumber (veneers stacked & glued together) Suppliers: Brisco Basic Info: Material/fibre: D. Fir Harvesting cycle: 80 years Adhesive: Phenol Formaldehyde Adhesive amount: 7% by weight Floor, roof and wall with joints detailed for lateral loads

96 Brisco SECONDARY Fine Line LAMINATED LVL LVL Comments:! Standardized product

97 Brisco SECONDARY Fine Line LAMINATED LVL LVL Comments:! Standardized product! Dimensionally sensitive in plan, stable in its thickness. Requires care with regards to swelling / shrinkage perpendicular to grain

100

101

102 WCC Wood Concrete - Composite

103 WCC WCC Alternative Names: Timber Concrete Composite System: Solid wood panel at bottom, concrete over top (acting as one unit) Base layer can be nearly any solid wood panel Connector supplied by wood panel supplier or general contractor Free, stiff and strong diaphragm

104 OVERVIEW BUILDING SYSTEMS PRODUCTS SIZES

105 THICKNESS

106 WIDTH

107 LENGTH

108 LENGTH 16m((50 )(to( 20m((66 )(basic( transportanon( length(

109 OVERVIEW CONTEXT DESIGN

110 CONTEXT The set of circumstances or facts that surround a particular event, situation, etc

111 CONTEXT collecting and connecting the dots

112 COLLECTING THE DOTS

113 CLIENT & DESIGN TEAM

114 PROCUREMENT

115 FUNDING

116 PARTNER

117 SIZE OF A PROJECT

118 LOCATION

119 CLIMATE

120 CAPACITY & CAPABILTY

121 AVAILABILTY

122 TOLERANCES

123 TOLERANCE

124 CONNECTING THE DOTS

125 THAT IS WHERE THE DESIGN WORK BEGINS

126 OVERVIEW CONTEXT DESIGN

127 SYSTEM AND MATERIAL APPROPRIATE DESIGN

128 IDEAL WORLD = DECIDE EARLY

129 PRODUCT & SIZES

130 FIRE

131 ! In general, all products have a similar nominal char rate

132 ! In general, all products have a similar nominal char rate! Approximately 1 ½ 1 ¾ / 60 minutes

133 ! In general, all products have a similar nominal char rate! Approximately 1 ½ 1 ¾ / 60 minutes! Be careful with CLT if required rating is between 45 and 90 minutes " Most of the time it s not a problem for panels with 5+ layers

134 Fire

135 Fire

136 Fire

137 DEPTH Design is mostly governed by DEFLECTION (stiffness) and / or VIBRATION

138 20 FLOOR SPAN FLOOR SPAN FLOOR SPAN 4 6

139 MOVEMENT SHRINKAGE SWELLING

140 NLT, GLT 0.25% change in dimension for each 1% change in moisture content

141 Practical Considerations WEATHER PROTECTION STRATEGY

142 30 PICKS / DAY CRANE

143 CONNECTIONS

144

145

146 SECONDARY IMPACTS AKA COST DIFFERENCE TO OTHER BUILDING SYSTEMS

147 BIM

148 BIM! CNC fabrication requires 3-D files

149 BIM! CNC fabrication requires 3-D files! Architectural 3-D models (REVIT) are not always compatible with fabrication models

150 BIM! CNC fabrication requires 3-D files! Architectural 3-D models (REVIT) are not always compatible with fabrication models! 3-D shop drawing model including connections

151

152 CONCEPT App # Idea calculator for architects # Member calculator # Material gallery

153 DEPTH CALCULATOR

154 MATERIAL GALLERY

155

156 SUMMARY: KNOW YOUR PRODUCTS BUILD CONTEXT THEN START THE DESIGN

157 QUESTIONS?$ Send(me(an( (to(receive(a( comprehensive(mass(timber( overview( (( This(concludes(The(American( InsNtute(of(Architects(ConNnuing( EducaNon(Systems(Course( Bernhard$Gafner$ Fast+Epp(Structural(Engineers(

nineteen Wood Construction 1 and design APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES: DR. ANNE NICHOLS FALL 2016 lecture STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMS ARCH 631

nineteen Wood Construction 1 and design APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES: DR. ANNE NICHOLS FALL 2016 lecture STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMS ARCH 631 APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMS DR. ANNE NICHOLS FALL 2016 lecture nineteen wood construction and design Wood Construction 1 Timber Construction all-wood framing systems