3. Match tools used in handtool woodworking to their correct definition. 4. Read a rule. '"-,,, 5. Select From a list, cor'rect ways to use a handsaw.

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1 - Ag Mech 6-1 BASIC SKILLS IN HANDTDDL WOODWORKING For EXPLORATORY VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE in ARKANSAS UNIT DB.JECTIVE AFter completion of this unit, the student should be able to identify and properly use hand tools. The student should have a good understanding of the safety practices used in handtool woodworking. This knowledge will be evidenced through demonstration and by scoring 85% on the ui,i t test. \-..~ SPECIFIC OB.JECTIVES AFter completion of this unit, the student should be able to: 1. IdentiFy handtools used in woodworking. ~ 2. Distinguish between safe and unsafe handtool! woodworking practices by answering true/false t questions correctly.,, 3. Match tools used in handtool woodworking to their correct definition. 4. Read a rule. '"-,,, 5. Select From a list, cor'rect ways to use a handsaw. 6. Calculate board Feet. 7. Name types of wood planes. 8. Name types of wood chisels. 9. Select From a list, common measuring and marking tools used in woodwork. 10. Demonstrate the ability to complete skill block. I = " 82

2 I " - Ag Mech 6-2 EXPLORATORY AGRICULTURE HANoTooL WOODWORKING INFORMATION SHEET I. Handtools used in woodworking (Figure 1) II. SaFety practices in handtool woodworking A. Hand tools should be adjusted properly before using B. Cutting hand tools should be sharpened properly before using ~, C. The work area should be kept clean and Free of loose items O. When using the wood chisel, always push the chisel away From you, keeping both hands behind the cutting edge E. All nails that have been driven in a board and are protruding should be pulle'd or bent before leaving your work area F. Hand tools should be Free of grease or oil G. Never use the screw driver as a chisel \ ~ H. When cutting on wood, be sure the piece being cut is secure I. Use tools only For the purpose For which they we~e intended.j. 00 not throw tools III. DeFinition of hand tools used in woodworking A. Crosscut saw--saw used For sawing straight and diagonally across the grain B. Rip saw--saw used For sawing with the grain C. Rasp--Tool used Fon dressing and shaping lumber,. i\ D. Hand plane--tool used For smoothing irregular shapes, rounding stock, Fitting joints, and For Fitting most types of tool handles 83

3 - Ag Mech 6-3 TYPES OF HANOTOOLS ~:=:=::: ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ F===:~;:=::::~~~l~~.. 1. A u g e ~ bit C::~~~~:::2:::~1'.'" 2~:: saw 3. ca~p~~te~' s brace ~ ~~~~~~-!==--===~;;ICi=::> ~ E;::I~1~~~ 5. Coping saw 4. Folding rule p:::;::~ J. 6. CO~~~~:::g 7. Key pr -, [ ~~:.:::~~~ / - ~;t ('\ --- ///;.lj Handsaw - 8. Steel tape '"-,,, 9. Bench rule 10. Framing square 11. Claw hammer 12. Wood chisel ~~~~~;;~~ ~~ ~~~~~ 13. Block plane 14. Carpenter's level i '-" FIGURE 1 I I " ~ " 84

4 , I " Ag Mech 6-4 INFORMATION SHEET. E. Compass or Keyhole saw--tool used for sawing curves F. Chisel--Tool used to cut edges and joints in wood G. Carpenter's brace--used for turning such tools as wood auger bits, twist drills, screw drive~ bits, countersinks, and reamers H. Screw driver--tool used to tighten or loosen wood or metal screws '-/ IV. Correct procedure in reading a rule (figu~e 2),,-/ tightly A. Note how the graduation lines on a rule are varied in length to facilitate quick and accurate reading B. The 1" lines are longest, the 1/2" lines a little shorter, and the 1/4" lines still shorter, etc. C. The smallest division on most rules used in woodworking is 1/16" V. Correct ways to use a handsaw A. The handsaw should be sharp and in good condition B. Grasp the handle of the saw firmly, yet not C. Let the forefinger extend along the side of the handle, and not through the handle with the other fingers (NOTE: This enables you to guide the saw more easily and accurately) O. Most sawing should be done at a 450 to 600 angle to the wood E. To saw off a board, clamp it in a vice, or hold it firmly on a table or sawhorse. VI. Fo~mula fo~ calculating board feet N x T x W x L = Board Feet N = Number of pieces 12 T = Thickness in inches W = Width in inches "'-'" L = Length in feet 85

5 I... 'c: Ag Mech 6-5 Graduations on a Rule Halves Quarters 1 2. T 1 Eighths Sixteenths Thirty-Seconds - '-' I 1 rrl-rrrr~fptl 1 I Graduations Appl ied to a Rule 1/2 1 1/4 3/4 f vii 1/8 3/8 5/8 I 7/8! f t t j t i 3/16 7/16 11/16 15/ ' I 5/1~ r ~/1~ 1 113/1~ r I. I t'l I t lit I 11 FIGURE 2 86

6 - I " Ag Mech 6-6 INFORMATION SHEET VII. Types of wood planes A. Jack plane C. Jointer plane B. Block plane VIII. Types of wood chisels A. Tang B. Socket '-' IX. Common measuring and marking tools used in woodworking A. Folding rule B. Extension folding rule C. Push-pull pocket tape O. Carpenter's framing square E. Combination square \..,..-, ~' '-" -., 87

7 I.. - Ag Mech 6-7 EXPLORATORY AGRICULTURE HAND TOOL WOODWORKING ~OB #1--COMPLETE SKILL BLOCK I. Consumable supplies needed A. 2" x 4" stock B. Two 1'4" screws - No. 10 FHB II. Procedure A. Mark off an 8" piece of stock, using the combination square \ I B. Cut the board with the crosscut hand saw (NOTE: Be sure to allow For the width of the kerf.) C. Plane surfaces to 1'4" thick and 3'4" wide o. Mark and cut slot (Figure 1) FIGURE 1 f-1~"- f-- 1~"-1 V I1-3/4" 3'4" 1 1'4"-No. 10 FHB I I I I 5/ " - ~--@-0-G- t 3/4" 1 3/4" 1 3/4" 1 3/4" 1 1'4" I 1'4" 3/4" 1'-- 8" ~I /" ~ ~,,~ ;;~, 88 ",i"c~c",*,-,. "f(~;~ :,~ "

8 - \, / Ag Mech 6-8 EXPLORATORY AGRICULTURE HANDTOOL WOODWORKING..JOB #1. 1. Mark slot with combination square acco~ding to dimensions 2. Cut the slot to depth on each side, using a back saw 3. Finish the slot with a wood chisel E. Drill holes For screw 1. Layout 4 screw holes and mark cente~s. 2. Drill holes using proper size bits For shank and anchor holes 3. Countersink to the proper depth (NOTE: Do not drill completely through project.) F. Bore large holes 1. Layout centers of large holes to be bored with brace and bit 2. Select proper size bit 3. Bore holes to the proper depth ~. (NOTE: Be careful not to split out the project on the back side.) G. Drive the 2 screws in two of the holes prepared For them H. Do not burr the screw slot. (NOTE: Make sure the screw heads are Flush with the surface of the project.) I. Hand in completed skill block to instructor For credit ;:~'r I.. c

9 - I " Ag Mech 6-9 EXPLORATORY AGRICULTURE HANoTOOL WOODWORKING TEST 1. IdentiFy the Following tools used in handtool woodworking by placing the number of the tool beside the proper name. a. Block plane i. Coping saw b. F~aming square j. Carpenter's Brace c. Combination square k. Steel tape ~ d. Handsaw 1. Folding rule e. Back saw m. Auger bit F. Keyhole saw n. Bench rule g. Claw hammer 0. Wood chisel _h. Carp~rlters level F=~=;::~ ~ f~.';~~~,~-'--~ 3, '-q-- - ::, ~~~~~~~~~~~.. C:::~~~~:~~~~~1'~~1 ~l~~~~~~~~~~..~a ~--rl ',~W, ~ I I - :, ~ I JJ.I.hi".I, ",....' - ~ r/ 6 \ ~ -~--~ ~ c-,, ~ 5", r-- "'-/ 1- ":;/- /// 9.. // ::: --- 0, ~-- --' 'ft:'1':ctl'!'1:1:"':::";:_:::::,::::;':": :\":: :::,,"::I:,::I:n=rllj,.,,'-,,,... ','.. - ill -~'=':~"~"'C :":t": """;4"~""'"""""'" ~ 1 r8 2 "'..-/ --" -_,_, 1 ~ 90

10 I " Ag Mech 6-1D 2. Distinguish between safe and unsafe handtool woodworking practices by circling "T" if the following statements are True, and "F" if they are False. T F a. Proper adjustments nn handtools are not i~portant. T F b. All ctjtting handtools should be properly sharpened before using. T F c. The working area should be kept clean and free of loose iterrs. T F d. When using the wood chisel, you should always push the chisel from you, keeping both hands behind the cutting edge. ~ T F e. Before leaving your work area, be sure all nails that are driven in a board, and are protruding are either pulled out or bent. T F f. Your handtools should have grease and oil on them while they are in use. T F g. It is permissible to use a screwdriver as a chisel. T F h. When c~.ltting wood, be sure the piece being cut is loose. T F i. Use tcols only for the purpose for which they were intended. T F j. You may throw tools. \-/ 3. Match the following handtools to their correct definition: ~,/ _a. CrOsscLlt saw _e. Compass or Keyhole saw _b. Rip saw _f. Chisel -' c. Raso - g. Carpenter's brace _d. Hand plane _h. Screw driver 1. Used for sawing curves 2. Tool used for smoothing irregular shapes, rounding stock, fitting joints, and for fitting most types of tool handles 3. Tool userl to tighten or loosen wood or metal screws 4. Saw used for sawing with the grain 91

11 - I " Ag Mech Tool used to cut edges and joints in wood f 6. Tool used for dressing and shaping lumber 7. Used for turning such tools as wood auger bits, twist drills, screw driver bits, countersinks, and reamers 8. Saw used for sawing straight and diagonally across the grain 4. Use the drawing below, and at each point labled with a letter, read the rule and give the correct measurement. a b c d e. "-/ "'-. -- a. - c. e. - b. - d. 5. Select from the list below the correct ways to use a hand saw. Place a "X" in the blank before those you have selecteo. _a. The handsaw should be sharp when in use. _b. Rusty handsaws cut. '~ _c. Grasp the handle of the saw firmly. d. Most sawing should be done at a 900 angle to the wood. _e. To saw off a board, clamp it in a vice, or hold I it firmly on a table or sawhorse. i' 6. Calculate the total board feet in each of the problems ~ listed below. Ii. a. 1 piece--1" x 10" x 10' = b. 1 piece--2" x 6" x 8' = c. 2 pieces--2" x 4" x 8' = 7. Name two types of wood planes. ',J a. b. 92

12 I " Ag Mech Name two types of wood chisels. a. b Select from the following list common measuring and marking tools used in woodworking. Place an "X" in the blank before those you have selected. a. Combination square e. Hammer b. ~ack plane - f. Folding ~ule c. Push-pull pocket tape g. Carpenter's framing square d. Screw driver \J --- ( "-- ""-- 93

13 I " Ag Mech 6-13 EXPLORATORY ~GAICULTURE HANoTooL WOODWORKING ANSWERS TO TEST 1. a. 10 i. 8 b. 13 j. 15 c. 3 k. 6 d e. 2 m. 1 F. 5 n. 14 \.J "-- g. 11 o. 12 h a. F F. F b. T g. F c. T h. F d. T i. T e. T j. F "'-" 3. a. 8 e. 1 '- b. 4 F. 5 c. 6 g. 7 d. 2 h a. 3/4" c. 2-3/8" e. 3-1/4" b. 1-1/16" d.2-1/2" 5. a, c, e, 6. a. 8.3 board Feet -- b. 8 board Feet c bos:""d Feet.. 94

14 I " I - - Ag Mech Any two of the Fallowing: a. Jack b. Black c. Jointer 8. a. Tang b. Socket 9. a, c, F, g V '- V 95

15 I " ~ Progress Chart Agricultural Mechanics Ag Mech 6-15 HANOTOOL WOODWORKING NAMES V " "-" , j

Working with Wood & Tools. Marking and Measuring. Tools you will need:

Working with Wood & Tools. Marking and Measuring. Tools you will need: Marking and Measuring English Measure If you want to make pieces of a certain size, you will have to measure and mark them before you do any cutting. Examine a rule and find an inch mark. The mark (")