Accelerator science. Talk to prospective students. 30 November Andrei Seryi John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science

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1 Accelerator science Talk to prospective students 30 November 2016 Andrei Seryi John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science

What is JAI Sir John Adams - the 'father' of CERN

Science is a centre of excellence in the UK for

2004 to foster accelerator R&D in the universities

Royal Holloway University of London and Imperial

~15 research staff, ~10 affiliates, ~40 post-grad

2 What is JAI Sir John Adams - the 'father' of CERN accelerators The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science is a centre of excellence in the UK for advanced and novel accelerator technology, created in 2004 to foster accelerator R&D in the universities JAI is based on 3 universities: University of Oxford, Royal Holloway University of London and Imperial College London JAI in numbers: ~25 academic staff, ~15 research staff, ~10 affiliates, ~40 post-grad students, ~6-10 PhD/year in Acc. Science, ~50 PhD graduates 30 November

3 Research directions FEL and novel light sources Diamond upgrade UH-FLUX UK-FEL Plasma acceleration MP LWFA Beam diagnostics Future colliders and particle physics facilities FCC IR & FF LC FF Intense hadron beams IBEX CLIC R&D Training AWAKE 30 November

4 UK Free Electron Laser possible location Possible site for UK-FEL at RAL to allow colocation with high power lasers for High Energy Density Science and Shock Physics 30 November

5 Free Electron Laser e-beam RF-GUN S01 S02 S03 Preliminary layout and parameters X01 BC1 500 MeV 1.2 GeV S04 S05 S06 BC2 S07 S GeV 50 m UNDULATOR ~500 m Energy 8.7 GeV Repetition rate 100 Hz (each FEL) Max. photon energy ~ 18.6 kev Pulse duration fs Photons/pulse (10 kev) ~ No. of FELs up to 4 (?) Possible FELs SXR (0.1 2 kev) MXR (1.5 6 kev) HXR (5 15 kev) Experimental stations 3 per FEL Facility length ~ 850 m Power consumption ~ 7MW 30 November

6 Diamond light source upgrade The novel optics will allow an order of magnitude higher brightness 30 November

Compact laser plasma radiation sources Gemini

e.g. 60ns shock propagation in dense material.

7 Compact laser plasma radiation sources Gemini betatron x-ray source now > photons per (mm 2 mrad 2 sec 0.1%BW) Gemini 2015 Used for imaging fast phenomena; e.g. 60ns shock propagation in dense material. 95ns medically relevant material; e.g. phase contrast imaging of prostate sample 30 November

Compact SCRF X-ray and THz light source Asymmetric Energy Recovery

average current b) independent tuning of IP point and accelerator if

account for beam change at interaction point Operating field

3GHz Electric field contour plot of dipole partial eigenmode at 1.

8 Compact SCRF X-ray and THz light source Asymmetric Energy Recovery Linac Advantages: a) capability to drive 1As level electron beam average current b) independent tuning of IP point and accelerator if phase shifter is introduced in the coupling cell c) field tuning to account for beam change at interaction point Operating field Electric field contour plot of dipole partial eigenmode at 1.73GHz Axis 2 Axis 1 Al prototype for low-level RF measurements 30 November Electric field contour plot of operating eigenmode at 1.3GHz

9 Development of wakefield accelerators Development of efficient high rep-rate LWFA Simon Hooker at al 30 November

Medical application of laser-plasma accelerators

source for medical radiography Small source size and

energy with small source size allows for high resolution

femural bone sample (left, and photo inset)

10 Medical application of laser-plasma accelerators Betatron radiation could prove to be an interesting source for medical radiography Small source size and collimated beam allows for high resolution phase contrast imaging of soft tissue, e.g. breast, prostate Hard photon energy with small source size allows for high resolution imaging of bone, biological samples X-ray radiograph of femural bone sample (left, and photo inset) tomographically reconstructed (right) Phase-contrast imaging of prostate (left) and tomograph of pre-natal mouse (right) 30 November

High Luminosity LHC Collimation challenge: to efficiently clean the LHC beam, while protecting cryogenic magnets from huge stored beam energy (doubles at HL-LHC!

Collimation challenge in BDSIM Off-momentum loss maps: Model LHC data JAI-RHUL experts already integrated in team at CERN.

11 High Luminosity LHC Collimation challenge: to efficiently clean the LHC beam, while protecting cryogenic magnets from huge stored beam energy (doubles at HL-LHC!) mitigating beam backgrounds that reach the experiments! LHC dipole Superconducting coil: T = 1.9 K, quench limit ~15 mj cm -3 Factor 9.7 x 10 9 Proton beam: 145 MJ LHC design: 362 MJ HL-LHC: 678 MJ! Collimation challenge in BDSIM Off-momentum loss maps: Model LHC data JAI-RHUL experts already integrated in team at CERN. Main contributions: Off-momentum loss maps: new model recently validated with energy deposition measurements at LHC. Advanced simulations of beam dynamics to design the new triplet layout for HL-LHC. RHUL-developed tool (BDSIM) to model LHC beam backgrounds measured at ATLAS. Beam background simulation 30 November

High Luminosity LHC Diagnostics: Electro-optic Beam Position Monitors HL-LHC

12 High Luminosity LHC Diagnostics: Electro-optic Beam Position Monitors HL-LHC crab cavities require new instrumentation to Grin lens P A monitor bunch rotation and optimize performance. High bandwidth electro-optical pick-ups enable intra-bunch measurements of transverse position. JAI built prototype installed in 2016 at CERN SPS for proof of principle tests, in collaboration with CERN BI group. (a) beam pipe P EO crystal EO crystal Grin lens A from laser to detector 1 bunch to detector 2 from laser JAI built prototype already installed for tests at CERN SPS Second prototype planned for LHC, before deployment at HL-LHC 30 November

13 Linear Colliders Accelerator R&D for electron-positron Linear Collider Higgs Factory Selected site Japan CERN International Linear Collider: awaiting decision from Japan (2018) CLIC: preparing input for European Strategy update (2019) 30 November

8GJ (= 1 Airbus 380 at 720km/h) FCC = Future Circular Collider Preliminary parameters

14 100 km pp-collider with options of e+-e- and p-e Many interesting challenges! Total E in the beam 8GJ! 8GJ (= 1 Airbus 380 at 720km/h) FCC = Future Circular Collider Preliminary parameters (FCC-hh): CM energy 100 TeV Circumference 100 km Dipole field 16 Tesla Peak Lumi 5E34 cm -2 s -1 JAI is leading the Interaction Region design 30 November

Post-graduate training - students project Every year

put their skills into practice Students present results

Board, and then to CERN colleagues Presentation at CERN

15 Post-graduate training - students project Every year students work on a design project, that allows them to put their skills into practice Students present results of design project first to JAI staff, then to Advisory Board, and then to CERN colleagues Presentation at CERN Council Chamber May 2016 Group Photo at CERN May November

16 JAI exists for a bit more than 10 years We already have about 50 alumni, who obtained their DPhil based on research in accelerator science and are now working in many world-leading labs and institutes Before we finish today s talk, lets hear from some of JAI alumni and look where they now work! 30 November

17 30 November Message from Christina Swinson (DPhil 2010)

18 Slides from, Christina Swinson DPhil Oxford 2010 Christina is now working at BNL 30 November

bunch current ( A) Message from Ian Martin (DPhil 2011) 0 mm-wave beam port

national facility designs, and to take part in machine studies at light sources

diamond from the design stage, through commissioning and into user operation

12 frequency (khz) Spectrogram characterising onset of micro-bunching

19 bunch current ( A) Message from Ian Martin (DPhil 2011) 0 mm-wave beam port working at diamond has given me the opportunity to contribute to several national facility designs, and to take part in machine studies at light sources around the world BLADE I10 Fastswitching beamline helping take diamond from the design stage, through commissioning and into user operation has been a hugely satisfying experience 30 November frequency (khz) Spectrogram characterising onset of micro-bunching instability with negative momentum compaction Ian Martin, Senior Accelerator Physicist Diamond Light Source

Slides by Ian Martin (DPhil 2011) Diamond Light Source UK s national synchrotron

Join Venture between UK Government and Wellcome Trust 3 rd generation

Booster synchrotron (100MeV to 3GeV) Linac (0 to 100MeV) Rutherford Appleton

20 Slides by Ian Martin (DPhil 2011) Diamond Light Source UK s national synchrotron light facility Located at Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire Join Venture between UK Government and Wellcome Trust 3 rd generation synchrotron light source Largest UK investment in science for over 30 years Booster synchrotron (100MeV to 3GeV) Linac (0 to 100MeV) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ISIS Beam Line Storage Ring (3GeV) Central Laser Facility Diamond 180m 30 November

Message from Christine Clarke (DPhil 2008) SLAC User and Test Beam Facilities

conventional accelerator technology experiments at SLAC From development of cancer

use SLAC s light source and accelerator test beam facilities annually We continue to

21 Message from Christine Clarke (DPhil 2008) SLAC User and Test Beam Facilities Scientists from all around the world can perform Plasma Cell 200 times better than conventional accelerator technology experiments at SLAC From development of cancer treatments to materials for jet engines to detectors for Antarctica 3,400 scientists use SLAC s light source and accelerator test beam facilities annually We continue to revolutionise accelerator science: World-leading program in building accelerators for the future- made from plasma! 10 TW laser system used for creating plasma The field of accelerator physics is challenging and dynamic- fantastic for any young scientist. 30 November

Slides by Christine Clarke (DPhil 2008) SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (USA)

DOE Office of Science High energy physics experiments resulted in 3 Nobel Prizes

brightest x-rays We discover new drugs, new materials, new clean fuels, study how

Electrons and positrons are accelerated to 99.

22 Slides by Christine Clarke (DPhil 2008) SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (USA) SLAC has 50+ years of accelerator science Operated by Stanford University for the DOE Office of Science High energy physics experiments resulted in 3 Nobel Prizes Now, SLAC focuses on using accelerators as light sources: We produce the world s brightest x-rays We discover new drugs, new materials, new clean fuels, study how proteins work, study materials at 2 million degrees C and much more! Electrons and positrons are accelerated to % speed of light World s longest particle accelerator 2 miles (3 km) Located in Silicon Valley, California 30 November

23 30 November Message from Paul Walker (DPhil 2013)

24 30 November Slides by Paul Walker (DPhil 2013)

25 Message from Alexander Gerbershagen (DPhil 2013) «Accelerator science is not only exciting, but also has a wide range of applications with a direct benefit for the society.» 30 November

Slides by Alexander Gerbershagen (DPhil 2013)

laboratory ~1900 employees Located in northern

glaciers within one hour of drive Nearby city

worldwide 2nd highest quality of living 1 Has

according to Mercer Quality of Living Survey

26 Slides by Alexander Gerbershagen (DPhil 2013) Paul Scherrer Institute Largest Swiss laboratory ~1900 employees Located in northern Switzerland Lakes, mountains, waterfalls, glaciers within one hour of drive Nearby city of Zürich Largest city of Switzerland Has worldwide 2nd highest quality of living 1 Has wordwide highest salaries 2 1 After Vienna, according to Mercer Quality of Living Survey According to Forbes Media LLC study November

Now my research is focused on designing accelerators that will benefit society.

27 Message from Suzie Sheehy (DPhil 2010) When I started learning about accelerators I was amazed at the HUGE variety of uses these machines have, from cancer treatment, nuclear waste transmutation to carbon dating. Now my research is focused on designing accelerators that will benefit society. First beam in EMMA, November Suzie with the world-first EMMA accelerator at Daresbury Laboratory, which she helped commission during her DPhil. Her DPhil thesis was the design of a novel accelerator for hadron therapy using accelerators for cancer treatment.

experiment designed to replicate accelerator beams in the lab frame I like that in

28 Message from Suzie Sheehy (DPhil 2010) Together with a team from RAL and collaborators from Hiroshima University, I m currently setting up a new lab for a small-scale experiment designed to replicate accelerator beams in the lab frame I like that in accelerator physics one can be creative and draw on a wide variety of physics knowledge 30 November

Message from Suzie Sheehy (DPhil 2010) Accelerator physics has

Rock garden near Kyoto, Japan I m from Australia, work in the

29 Message from Suzie Sheehy (DPhil 2010) Accelerator physics has taken me - quite literally - all over the world. Rock garden near Kyoto, Japan I m from Australia, work in the UK and currently collaborate with two groups in Japan, one in Switzerland, and two labs in the USA. This international perspective is enriching to me as a researcher and as a person. Fermilab, USA Celebrating with the Kyoto University team (left) after a successful data taking run on the FFAG accelerator (right) 30 November

30 FCC or any other: Andrei Hope you will join the JAI team! during reception, talk to: Laser-plasma acceleration, FEL, compact light sources: Riccardo Laura & & Simon Roman Linear colliders Phil & Glenn AWAKE: Peter High power proton beams or any other Suzie Compact SC light source Ivan 30 November

Demonstration of exponential growth and saturation at VUV wavelengths at the TESLA Test Facility Free-Electron Laser. P. Castro for the TTF-FEL team

Demonstration of exponential growth and saturation at VUV wavelengths at the TESLA Test Facility Free-Electron Laser P. Castro for the TTF-FEL team 100 nm 1 Å FEL radiation TESLA Test Facility at DESY