CERN 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations

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1 CERN 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry CERN Director for Accelerators and Technology Accelerating Science and Innovation

2 The Mission of CERN Push back the frontiers of knowledge E.g. the secrets of the Big Bang what was the matter like within the first moments of the Universe s existence? Develop new technologies for accelerators and detectors Information technology - the Web and the GRID Medicine - diagnosis and therapy Train scientists and engineers of tomorrow Unite people from different countries and cultures

3 CERN: founded in 1954: 12 European States Science for Peace and Development Today: 22 Member States ~ 2500 staff ~ 1800 other paid personnel ~ scientific users Budget (2018) ~ 1150 MCHF Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom Associate Members in the Pre-Stage to Membership: Cyprus, Serbia, Slovenia Associate Member States: India, Lithuania, Pakistan, Turkey, Ukraine Applications for Membership or Associate Membership: Brazil, Croatia Observers to Council: Japan, Russia, United States of America; European Union, JINR and UNESCO 3

4 High Energy Physics is international By nature: science has no borders By necessity: pooling resources to afford large instruments sustained exponential development for more than 80 years progress achieved through repeated jumps from saturating to emerging technologies superconductivity, key technology of highenergy machines since the 1980s superconductivity

5 Science is getting more and more global CERN: 110 staff, 11 fellows

6 CERN s CERN scientific accelerators diversity programme AD: Antiproton Decelerator for antimatter studies AWAKE: proton-induced plasma wakefield acceleration CAST, OSQAR: axions CLOUD: impact of cosmic rays on aeorosols and clouds implications on climate COMPASS: hadron structure and spectroscopy ISOLDE/HIE-ISOLDE: radioactive nuclei facility NA61/Shine: heavy ions and neutrino targets NA62: rare kaon decays NA63: radiation processes in strong EM fields NA64: search for dark photons Neutrino Platform: ν detectors R&D for experiments in US, Japan n-tof: n-induced cross-sections ~20 experiments, > 1200 physicists UA9: crystal collimation CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

7 LINAC 2 : 2018 last year of operation 40 successful years Very stable and reliable 2018 run, no issues (so far) Key performance for all CERN machines and physics programs Linac 2 switching off Global availability for the 12last th November 29 weeks (w9-w38) 2018 was 99 % 40 th anniversary ( ) during a week with 100% machine uptime February 1979 April 2008 CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

8 LINAC 4 PIMS CCDTL DTL chopper line RFQ 160 MeV 104 MeV 50 MeV 3 MeV 86 m September-November 2016: Commissioning with beam of 12 PIMS accelerating structures 160 MeV design energy reached on Reliability Run in 2017 and 2018 : 80 to 92 % (last week 95%) LINAC4 Inauguration 9 th May 2017 CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

9 LHC (Large Hadron Collider) 1983 First studies for the LHC project 1988 First magnet model (feasibility) 1994 Approval of the LHC by the CERN Council Series production industrialisation 1998 Declaration of Public Utility & Start of civil engineering Placement of the main production contracts 2004 Start of the LHC installation Magnets Installation in the tunnel Hardware commissioning Beam commissioning ~ 25 years Physics exploitation Run 1 ;7 and 8 TeV Run 2 ; 13 TeV Run 3 (14 TeV) HL-LHC installation HL-LHC operation ~ 30 years A 27 km circumference collider CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

10 LHC: Four experiments an accelerator : the of 27 coopetition km LHCB Collaboration : 15 Countries, > 50 Institutes and over 750 members ALICE Collaboration : 35 Countries, > 110 Institutes and over 1000 members CMS Collaboration : 40 Countries, > 170 Institutes and over 3000 members ATLAS Collaboration : 40 Countries, > 170 Institutes and over 3000 members

11 LHC: technological challenges The specifications of many systems were beyond the state of the art. Long R&D programs with many institutes and industries worldwide. The highest field accelerator magnets: 8.3 T (1232 dipole magnets of 15 m) The largest superconducting magnet system (~ magnets) The largest 1.9 K cryogenics installation (superfluid helium, 150 tons of LHe to cool tons) Ultra-high cryogenic vacuum for the particle beams (10-13 atm, ten times lower than the Moon) The highest currents controlled with high precision (up to 13 ka) The highest precision ever demanded from the power converters (parts per million level) A sophisticated and ultra-reliable magnet quench protection system (Energy stored in the magnet system: ~10 Gjoule, in the beams > 700 MJ) CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

12 Energy management challenges Energy stored in the magnet system: 10 GJoule 10 GJoule flying 700 km/h Energy stored in the two beams: 720 MJ [ protons (1 ng of H+) at 7 TeV ] 700 MJ melt one ton of copper 700 MJoule dissipated in 88 ms / TW World Electrical Installed Capacity 3.8 TW 90 kg of TNT per beam CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

13 LHC : a rich harvest of collisions 30 fb collisions BEH boson announcement 2010: 0.04 fb -1 7 TeV CoM Commissioning 2011: 6.1 fb -1 7 TeV CoM exploring limits 2012: 23.3 fb -1 8 TeV CoM production 7 TeV and 8 TeV in 2012 Up to 1380 bunches With protons CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

14 From individual theoretical physicist idea. to collective innovation! To design and construct this many thousands of technicians, engineers and physicists from many different disciplines, from all over the world, from different cultures, had to develop new technologies, had to develop new engineering concepts, had to work together over decades in full wide-open 1964 way, with mutual trust and respect Discovery 2012, Nobel Prize in Physics

15 LHC performance: Run 1 and Run 2 Run 1: 30 fb -1 Run 2 :160 fb -1 at 13 TeV CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

16 Run 22and Run 3 Run 2 : 160 fb -1 (13 TeV) Run 3 > 160 fb -1 (14 TeV) 45 fb -1 in 2017 and > 45 fb -1 in 2018 YETS 2017/2018 : 15 (13+2) weeks but drastic optimization of the recommissioning with beam period (less than 2 weeks!) Prepare for HL-LHC and post-ls2 LIU era (MD time in 2018) CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

17 The High Luminosity LHC Project (HL-LHC) New interaction quadrupole magnets Nb 3 Sn (inner triplets) New 11 T Nb 3 Sn dipoles (5.5 m) RF Crab Cavities Collimation upgrade Cryogenics upgrade Cold powering Machine protection Development of Nb3Sn Conductor Major intervention on more than 1.2 km of the LHC CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

18 HL-LHC project: construction phase today Cost to Completion Material : 950 MCHF 30 fb fb fb fb -1 FAV = Fabrication, Assembly and Verification CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

19 Post LHC accelerator studies Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) Linear e + e - collider s up to 3 TeV 100 MV/m accelerating gradient needed for compact (~50 km) machine based on normal-conducting accelerating structures and a two-beam acceleration scheme Future Circular Collider (FCC) hh-collider (FCC-hh) km tunnel infrastructure in Geneva area, ~16 T 100 TeV pp in 100 km - e+e- collider (FCC-ee) as potential 1 st step - HE-LHC in the present LHC tunnel with FCC-hh technology

20 CERN: Particle Physics and Innovation Interfacing between fundamental science and key technological developments CERN Technologies and Innovation Accelerating particle beams Detecting particles Large-scale computing (Grid)

21 cern.ch/knowledgetransfer open dissemination quality of life CERN innovation impact health economy protected dissemination CERN s Knowledge Transfer Goals education The goal is to maximise the positive impact of CERN innovations on society, with the help of our partners, through both open and protected dissemination. Knowledge Transfer

22 Catalysing Medical & facilitating applications collaboration From particle accelerators to cancer therapy From particle detectors to medical imaging From grid computing to medical data management and analysis CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

23 CERN-MEDICIS: innovative radioisotopes for medical research Passively uses proton beams from ISOLDE December 2017: first batch of isotopes produced ( 155 Tb) CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

24 Knowledge transfer through procurement Of companies involved in technology-intensive procurement contracts, 38% developed new products and 52% had increased sales performance thanks to CERN! CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

25 Industrial Returns: Belgian Industries (2013 to 2018) * Provisional figures for the year CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

26 Industrial return, average Belgium target = 1.0 CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

27 Belgium and CERN Belgium was one of CERN s founding Member States Léon Van Hove: CERN Director-General ( ) Belgian scientists have made significant contributions to progress in particle physics in general and have always been heavily involved at CERN Significant involvement in the CMS experiment at the LHC the ISOLDE programme Miniball Belgian industry has also contributed to the LHC Example: The Belgian company JLD won a Golden Hadron award for its automatic cable inspection system

28 Belgium and CERN Visit of King of the Belgians 19 February May 2014

29 CERN Education Activities Scientists at CERN Academic Training Programme Asia-Europe-Pacific School of High-Energy Physics Fukuoka, Japan, 2012 Puri, India, 2014 China, 2016 Latin American School of High-Energy Physics Natal, Brazil, 2011 Arequipa, Peru, 2013 Ibarra, Ecuador, 2015 Young Researchers CERN School of High Energy Physics CERN School of Computing CERN Accelerator School CERN School of Physics Norway, June 2016 Physics Students Summer Students Programme CERN Teacher Schools International and National Programmes

30 CERN Teacher Programme

31 In 2012 : CERN granted status of observer to the UN General Assembly CERN contribution: describe its functioning successful model provide direct input on science, technology and education. Contribution to the UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development a) Scientific research, and in particular basic research, must be adequately funded by the countries. Without adequate investments in science, both from rich and less rich countries, there is no future for the society. b) STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education is essential for the sustainable development of the society.

32 CERN contributes de facto to Sustainable Development Goals, in particular: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages - Medical applications Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning for all - Education is one of CERN s core missions Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation - World-class fundamental physics research, Big Data Management, Technology Transfer, Incubators, Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development - Possible contribution to the Global technology facilitation mechanism and to the High Level Political Forum CERN is engaged actively to promote:. The role of science for the sustainable development of society : knowledge; technology and innovation; education.. Science as enabler for dialogue, peace and development

33 Pakistani welders are explaining to Indian visitors the welding process applied for the LHC interconnections Photo by S. Atieh (EN-MME)

34 Accelerators bringing nations together : SESAME SESAME (Synchrotron light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East)in Allan (Jordan) Members: Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Pakistan, Palestinian Authority, Turkey Inauguration 16 th May 2017 CERN involved in design, production, tests of magnets and power supplies within CESSAMag project (5 M from EC)

35 The CERN model A simple but strong Convention, excluding military applications. An organisation for a domain (high energy physics) and not for a project Researchers from everywhere, including from non-member States. European Intergovernmental Organization, globally used an infrastructure belonging to all its member states. An example of what Europe and its partners can achieve when they are working together. A global budget (payment proportional to the member state GDP) and not I want my money back No national or other quota for employment of personnel No barriers of nationality, age, religion, gender, sex orientation, colour, International experimental collaborations, where CERN is minority. CERN builds and operates facilities, coordinates exploitation (Technical Competence) Users come from Universities, national Labs, etc. (Scientific Competence, Rejuvenation) Open Access concept for any field: data, technologies, Ambition to be at frontier of world excellence, in spite of high risks CERN: 64 years of fundamental science, technology, innovation and global collaborations Frédérick Bordry Belgium and CERN Brussels 30 th November

36 CERN: Research, innovate, discover, share, publish, transfer, and bring the world together A mix of all cultures and nationalities a taste of a world society in the future?

37 CERN: Where the WEB was born! 13 th September 2011 More info:

38 If you want to build a ship, don t drum up the men to gather wood, divide the work, and give orders. Instead, teach them to yearn for the vast and endless sea. Antoine de Saint-Exupéry "The task of the mind is to produce future" Paul Valéry Thanks for your attention Accelerating Science and Innovation