WinterGreen Research, INC.

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1 Snake Robots Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2015 to 2021 Torrie The Cat in the Tulips Picture by Susan Eustis WinterGreen Research, Inc. Lexington, Massachusetts

2 CHECK OUT THESE KEY TOPICS Snake Robots Provide Access to Confined Spaces: Airplane Wings, Surveillance, Cameras, Grippers, Surgical Sites Robot Snakes Modsnake Robots Snake Robots Snake Robots Locomote Next Generation Snake Robotics Snake-Arm Jointed Robot Robot Snakes Climb Pipes Robots for Heart Surgery Minimally Invasive Surgery Endoscopic Surgical System Inaccessible Spaces Robotic Snake-Arm Climbing Robot Climbing Snake Robot Firefighting Snakebot Confined Spaces Snake Shapes Terrain Robot Industrial Arm Robots Surgical Minimally Invasive Devices Snake Arm Actuator Pack Robotics Confined Space Piece Manipulation Robotics PipeSnake Snake Robots Revolutionize Aerospace, Nuclear, and Confined Space Access Snake Robots: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, LEXINGTON, Massachusetts (October 11, 2015) WinterGreen Research announces that it has published a new study Snake Robots: Market Shares, Strategy, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2015 to The 2015 study has 465 pages, 206 tables and figures. Worldwide snake robot markets are poised to achieve significant growth as the next generation units provide an access and movement mechanism that is unique and useful in a variety of industries. Target markets are for confined spaces. Confined spaces exist. A confined space exists because of a lack of ability to take apart or dismantle components. Confined spaces exist in nuclear reactors where radiation is dangerous for human, aircraft inside the wings and other small spaces that need to remain intact, the human body which likewise cannot be dismantled easily, industrial processing plants that have containers, underwater environments, ship-building, and space. Buildings, roads, pipelines and other man-made spaces all have confined spaces. The world is full of awkward confined spaces. Snake-arm robots are self-contained portable devices and extensions to existing systems. These products build on software and hardware technology.

3 Snake robots used for small space access, inside airplane wing access, first responder tasks, and surgery: They are used for going where nothing else can go. Snake robots provide systems that significantly improve traditional open surgery by consolidating the number of minimally invasive access ports to one and eliminating open surgery. The automated process revolution has come to robotics, used in surgery, industry, ships, airplanes, first responder help, and communications. Automated process is being implemented via robots. Robots are automating systems, providing significant improvement in the accuracy of surgery and penetration of spaces that were previously impenetrable. According to Susan Eustis, lead author of the study, A confined space needs long smooth snake shapes to achieve access. Confined spaces exist by design (aircraft engine), by failure (collapsed building) or naturally (human body). Existing open surgery can be replaced in large part by robotic and minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Minimally invasive surgery MIS, drug therapies, radiation treatment, and emerging interventional surgical approaches complement robotic surgery techniques as a replacement for or complement to open surgery. The snake robots reduces the number of ports needed to gain access and repair the heart. According to Susan Eustis as she continued: The companies that get an early foothold in the market have significant strategic advantage. The robotic snake leverages a new technique for robotic movement that benefits users by providing efficient access to difficult spaces. This factor is driving demand for snake robot systems. Since robotics provide a precise, repeatable and controlled ability to perform procedures in tight spaces, they are increasingly in demand. During a robot assisted surgical procedure, the patient-side cart is positioned next to the operating table with the electromechanical arms arranged to provide access to the initial ports selected by the surgeon. Metal tubes attached to the arms are inserted through the ports, and the cutting and visualization instruments are introduced through the tubes into the patient s body. The surgeon performs the procedure while sitting at a console, manipulating the instrument controls and viewing the operation through a vision system. When a surgeon needs to change an instrument the instrument is withdrawn from the surgical field using the controls at the console. This is done many times during an operation. The aging US population has supported demand for robotic surgical instruments, since the occurrence of health issues that require medical devices is higher in the elderly population. Buoyed by strong demand and sales, industry profit margins have increased. Snake robot device markets at $33.6 million in 2012 are anticipated to reach $2.3 billion by 2019 as next devices, systems, and instruments are introduced to manage access to difficult spaces through small ports when large openings are unavailable or inconvenient. WinterGreen Research is an independent research organization funded by the sale of market research studies all over the world and by the implementation of ROI models that are used to calculate the total cost of ownership of equipment, services, and software. The company has 35 distributors worldwide, including Global Information Info Shop, Market Research.com, Research and Markets, electronics.ca, and Thompson Financial.

4 WinterGreen Research provides strategic market research studies for healthcare, software computer hardware, energy, renewable energy, robots, and nanotechnology. By providing market share and market forecasts metrics the company is able to measure the impact of innovation. WinterGreen Research has a focus on understanding change and market opportunity. Customers use the market research to expand existing markets or develop major new markets. WinterGreen Research provides trusted research and technical services based on automated process that provide vital support for solutions requiring trust and integrity around predictive insight based on descriptive analytics. Visit Research.com. Keywords: Robot Snakes, Modsnake Robot, Snake Robots, Snake Robots Locomote, Next Generation Snake Robotics, Snake-Arm, Jointed Robot, Robot Snakes, Climb Pipes, Robots for Heart Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery, Endoscopic Surgical System, Inaccessible Spaces, Snake-Arm, Robotic Snake-Arm, Climbing Robot, Climbing Snake Robot, Firefighting Snakebot, Confined Spaces, Snake Shapes, Terrain Robot, Industrial Arm Robots, Surgical Minimally Invasive Devices, Snake Arm Actuator Pack, Robotics Confined Space Piece Manipulation, Robotics PipeSnake, wintergreenresearch.com, Companies Profiled Market Leaders OC Robotics HiBot Medrobotics Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Sarco University and Company Market Participants Applied Robotics Technologies, LLC Fanuc Kawasaki Robotics Kuka Mitsubishi Sintef Tesla Tokyo Institute of Technology Research Laboratories Unifire University of Michigan Mobile Robotics Lab Omnitread Yaskawa Selected List of Robots, University and Research Snake Robots

5 Snake Robot: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2015 to 2021 Report Methodology This is the 648th report in a series of primary market research reports that provide forecasts in communications, telecommunications, the Internet, computer, software, telephone equipment, health equipment, and energy. Automated process and significant growth potential are a priorities in topic selection. The project leaders take direct responsibility for writing and preparing each report. They have significant experience preparing industry studies. Forecasts are based on primary research and proprietary data bases. The primary research is conducted by talking to customers, distributors and companies. The survey data is not enough to make accurate assessment of market size, so WinterGreen Research looks at the value of shipments and the average price to achieve market assessments. Our track record in achieving accuracy is unsurpassed in the industry. We are known for being able to develop accurate market shares and projections. This is our specialty. The analyst process is concentrated on getting good market numbers. This process involves looking at the markets from several different perspectives, including vendor shipments. The interview process is an essential aspect as well. We do have a lot of granular analysis of the different shipments by vendor in the study and addenda prepared after the study was published if that is appropriate. Forecasts reflect analysis of the market trends in the segment and related segments. Unit and dollar shipments are analyzed through consideration of dollar volume of each market participant in the segment. Installed base analysis and unit analysis is based on interviews and an information search. Market share analysis includes conversations with key customers of products, industry segment leaders, marketing directors, distributors, leading market participants, opinion leaders, and companies seeking to develop measurable market share. Over 200 in depth interviews are conducted for each report with a broad range of key participants and industry leaders in the market segment. We establish accurate market forecasts based on economic and market conditions as a base. Use input/output ratios, flow charts, and other economic methods to quantify data. Use in-house analysts who meet stringent quality standards.

6 Interviewing key industry participants, experts and end-users is a central part of the study. Our research includes access to large proprietary databases. Literature search includes analysis of trade publications, government reports, and corporate literature. Findings and conclusions of this report are based on information gathered from industry sources, including manufacturers, distributors, partners, opinion leaders, and users. Interview data was combined with information gathered through an extensive review of internet and printed sources such as trade publications, trade associations, company literature, and online databases. The projections contained in this report are checked from top down and bottom up analysis to be sure there is congruence from that perspective. The base year for analysis and projection is With 2010 and several years prior to that as a baseline, market projections were developed for 2013 through These projections are based on a combination of a consensus among the opinion leader contacts interviewed combined with understanding of the key market drivers and their impact from a historical and analytical perspective. The analytical methodologies used to generate the market estimates are based on penetration analyses, similar market analyses, and delta calculations to supplement independent and dependent variable analysis. All analyses are displaying selected descriptions of products and services. This research includes referencde to an ROI model that is part of a series that provides IT systems financial planners access to information that supports analysis of all the numbers that impact management of a product launch or large and complex data center. The methodology used in the models relates to having a sophisticated analytical technique for understanding the impact of workload on processor consumption and cost. WinterGreen Research has looked at the metrics and independent research to develop assumptions that reflect the actual anticipated usage and cost of systems. Comparative analyses reflect the input of these values into models. The variables and assumptions provided in the market research study and the ROI models are based on extensive experience in providing research to large enterprise organizations and data centers. The ROI models have lists of servers from different manufacturers, Systems z models from IBM, and labor costs by category around the world. This information has been developed from WinterGreen research proprietary data bases constructed as a result of preparing market research studies that address the software, energy, healthcare, telecommunicatons, and hardware businesses. YOU MUST HAVE THIS STUDY

7 Snake Robots: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, Snake Robots Executive Summary Table of Contents The study is designed to give a comprehensive overview of the Snake Robots equipment market segment. Research represents a selection from the mountains of data available of the most relevant and cogent market materials, with selections made by the most senior analysts. Commentary on every aspect of the market from independent analysts creates an independent perspective in the evaluation of the market. In this manner the study presents a comprehensive overview of what is going on in this market, assisting managers with designing market strategies likely to succeed. Snake Robot Market Driving Forces 38 Snake Robots Market Shares 49 Snake Robot Market Forecasts SNAKE ROBOTS MARKET DESCRIPTION AND MARKET DYNAMICS Snake Robots Automate Process Modsnake Robots Modsnake Robots Support Human Workers Snakelike Robots Slither over Rough Landscape Snake Robots Locomote Serpentine Robot Applications Seizing the Robotics Opportunity Modular Self-Reconfiguring Robotic Systems Mobile Robotics Next Generation Snake Robotics SNAKE ROBOTS MARKET SHARES AND MARKET FORECASTS Snake Robot Market Driving Forces Snake Robots Market Shares HiBot / Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM OC Robotics Snake-Arm for Aircraft Assembly Sarcos Snake Robot Magnetic Track Sarcos Robot Inspection Of Ship Ballast Tanks Medrobotics Minimally Invasive Equipment Surgical Robots Medrobotics Positioning Medrobotics highly articulated robotic probes SINTEF Robot Snakes Climb Pipes Snake Robot Market Forecasts Industrial, Medical, and Military Snake Robot Market Segment Forecasts Nuclear, Oil & Gas Snake Robots Markets Construction and Mining Snake Robots Market Surgery Snake Robots Market Forecasts Medical Surgical Snake Robot Market Forecasts Military Snake Robot Market Forecasts Aerospace Snake Robot Market Forecasts Confined Space and High Wire Snake Robot Market Forecasts Snake Robot Prices Inaccessible Spaces - OC Robotics 116

8 2.4.2 Medrobotics Snake Robots Regional Market Analysis SNAKE ROBOT PRODUCT DESCRIPTION OC Robotics OC Robotics Addresses Confined Space Problem OC Robotics LaserSnake for Decommissioning Complex Structures In Hazardous, Confined Nuclear Environments OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots For Aircraft Assembly OCRobotics Snake Robot Aerospace Applications OCRobotics Snake-Arm Tools OCRobotics Aerospace Applications OC Robotics Snake-Arms For Security OC Robotics Snake-Arms for Construction OC Robotics Snake-Arms for Industrial Application OC Robotics The Explorer Range OC Robotics Snake-Arm Control OC Robotics Snake-Arm Simulator OC Robotics Snake-Arm for Aircraft Assembly OC Robotics Extender Snake Range Of Motion Robots Reach The Unreachable OC Robotics Snake-Arm OC Robotics OC Energy & Environment Robotics Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Sarcos Snake Robot Magnetic Track Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Climbing Ferromagnetic Surface Pole Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Camera Applications Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Ship Systems Inspection Applications Sarcos Robot Inspection Of Ship Ballast Tanks Sarcos Robotic Arm For Inspecting On Board Water Tanks Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Traverse Capabilities Medrobotics Technology Medrobotics Flex Retractor Medrobotics Flexible Robot Platform Medrobotics Snakelike Robots for Oropharynx, Hypopharynx and Larynx Surgery University of Michigan All-Terrain Robotics: University of Michigan Mobile Robotics Lab Omnitread OmniTread Robot Snakes Applied Robotics Technologies, LLC The FLEXnav Proprioceptive Position Estimation (PPE) System Applied Robotics Technologies Pricing Heuristic Drift Reduction for Gyros in Vehicle Tracking Applications Applied Robotics Technologies Key Benefits Applied Robotics Technologies Pricing NASA Robotic Snakes Canadian Robotics Ltd Japan Guru World-Class Snake Robotics Hibot Thesbot Hibot Pipetron HiBot Expliner HiBot ACM-R4H HiBot ACM-R Hibot ACM-R5 Amphibious Robosnake HiBot Japanese Snake Robot Maintaining High Voltage Transmission Lines Using Robotics Hydro-Quebec Research Institute (IREQ)LineScout tele-operated obstacle crossing system HiBot Expliner America s Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Autonomous Version Tesla Unveils Snakelike Robot Charger for Electric Cars 201

9 3.11 Unifire Robotic Nozzles Unifire Advanced, Fully Automatic Robotic Nozzle System University of Southampton CCTV Inspection SNAKE ROBOT TECHNOLOGY Actuated Joints In A Tight Volume OC Robotics OC Robotics Develops Snake-Arm Robots For Confined Spaces OC Robotics Snake Arm Actuator Pack OC Robotics Snake Arm OC Robotics Tool OC Robotics Confined Space Piece Manipulation OC Robotics Confined Space Reach OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robot Basics OC Robotics Snake Robot Curvature OC Robotics Protective Skins OC Robotics Manages Hazardous Environments OC Robotics Software - SoftSnake OC Robotics PipeSnake OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots Aircraft Assembly CISST ERC Snake Robot Bio-Robotics Lab Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute Sintef Sintef Aiko Snake Robot With Electric Motors NTNU and SINTEF in Norway World-Class Snake Robotics Sintef Anna Konda Anna Konda Firefighting Snakebot Sintef Aiko Sintef Pneumosnake Sintef PiKo Sintef Climbing Robot Sintef Robot Learning Department of Engineering Cybernetics at NTNU Pneumosnake Snake Robot With Pneumatic Bellows Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Land and Amphibious Robot Snake Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM-R5 Control System Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Slim Slime Robot Hirose Fukushima Lab Pneumatically-Driven Slime Robot Hirose-Fukushima Lab at Tokyo Institute of Technology Amphibious Snake Robot - ACM-R DrGavin S7 Snake Robot Rectilinear Locomotion Nottingham Trent University Israeli Army Deploys Robot Snakes Israeli Military Develops Robot Snake Bomb Hirose Fukushima Lab Merlin Robotics, Nottingham Trent University Robot Snake Dance Snake Bot at Carnegie Mellon Carnegie Mellon Conforming Loop CardioArm Biomedicine Snakelike Robots for Heart Surgery 298

10 Snake Robot Helps Wounded Soldiers Hughes Aircraft R7 Early Robotic Snake British 'Serpentine Spy' IDF Spy Robot Snake ASA Snake-bot VS InnoSTAR Applied Robotics Technologies, LLC SNAKE ROBOTS COMPANY PROFILES Applied Robotics Technologies, LLC Fanuc FANUC Corporation Fanuc Revenue Fanuc Joint Venture With General Electric in the FA field HiBot HiBot Inspects High-Voltage Transmission Lines HiBot Snake Robot Kawasaki Robotics Kuka KUKA Dominant Customer Segment, Automotive Industry Kuka Revenue Kuka Competition Kuka Innovative Technology Kuka Well Positioned With A Broad Product Portfolio In Markets With Attractive Growth Prospects Kuka Strategy Kuka Corporate Policy Kuka Customers KUKA Acquires 51% of Reis Robotics Kuka Positioning in Robotics and Systems Medrobotics Medrobotics Closes On $10 Million Financing Medrobotics Several Generations Of Snake Robot Platforms Medrobotics Advances Clinical Development of Snake Robot for Surgery Medrobotics Positioning Medrobotics Cardiac Surgery Gold Standard Medrobotics Snake Robot Technologies For Use In A Wide Range Of Surgical And Interventional Applications Medrobotics Technology & Research Center Mitsubishi Mitsubishi Electric Corp OC Robotics 363

11 5.8.1 OC Robotics Technology & Innovation OC Robotics Robots Extend Reach Of Manual Process OC Robotics A CANDU Snake-Arm Robot OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots Sarcos Corp Sarcos Dexterous, Tele-Operated Robotic Systems Sarcos Snake Robot Unmanned Ground Vehicle Sarcos Robots Inspection of Ballast Tanks on Ships Sarcos Guardian S Robotic Systems Replace Current Dangerous And Expensive Inspections Sintef Tesla Tokyo Institute of Technology Research Laboratories Tokyo Institute of Technology / Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Hibot Unifire University of Michigan Mobile Robotics Lab Omnitread Yaskawa Yaskawa Revenue Yaskawa Business YASKAWA Electric Motion Control YASKAWA Electric Robotics YASKAWA Electric System Engineering YASKAWA Electric Information Technology Yaskawa / Motoman Yaskawa Motoman Selected Robot Companies Selected Robot Companies Selected List of University and Research Snake Robots 452 Table ES-1 39 Snake Robot Market Driving Forces 39 Table ES-2 40 Confined Spaces That Need Snake Shapes To Achieve Access 40 Figure ES-3 40 Snake-Arm Robot Controls 40 Figure ES-4 46 Nose Following Snake Robots 46 Figure ES-5 46 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Simulator 46 Table ES-6 48 Confined Spaces 48 Figure ES-7 50 Snake Robots Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, Figure ES-8 52 Snake Robot Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, Figure Mod Snake Robots Snake Robots Are Different. 54 Table Serpentine Robot Applications 58 Table Snake Robot Market Driving Forces 62 Table Confined Spaces That Need Snake Shapes To Achieve Access 63

12 Figure Snake-Arm Robot Controls 64 Figure Nose Following Snake Robots 70 Figure OC Robotics Snake-Arm Simulator 70 Table Confined Spaces 72 Figure Snake Robots Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, Figure Snake Robots Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, Figure HiBot Inspection of High-Voltage Power Lines 76 Figure HiBot Balances on High-Voltage Power Lines 77 Figure Medrobotics Snake Robot for Surgery 83 Figure Snake Robot Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, Table Snake Robot Markets, Dollars, Worldwide, Figure HiBot 87 Figure Snake Robots Total Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, Table Snake Robot Market Shipments, Units, Worldwide, Figure Industrial Snake Robot Total Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, Figure Snake Robots Market Industry Segments, Energy, Construction, Mining, Aerospace, Confined Space and High Wire, Dollars, Worldwide, Figure Snake Robots Market Segments, Dollars, Worldwide, Figure Snake Robots Market Segments, Percent, Worldwide, Figure Nuclear, Oil & Gas Snake Robots Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, Figure Nuclear and Oil & Gas Snake Robot Total Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, Figure Construction and Mining Snake Robots Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, Figure Construction and Mining Snake Robot Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, Figure Surgery Snake Robots Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, Figure Medical Surgical Snake Robot Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, Figure Military Snake Robots Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, Figure

13 Military Snake Robot Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, Figure Aerospace Snake Robots Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, Figure Aerospace Snake Robot Total Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, Table Aerospace Snake Robot Functions 111 Table Snake Robots Adopt Capabilities Of Industrial Robots 112 Figure Confined Space / High Wire Snake Robots Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, Figure Confined Space and High Wire Snake Robot Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, Figure Snake Robots Regional Market Segments, Dollars, Table Snake Robots Regional Market Segments, Table Snake-Arm Robot Solution Profile 122 Table OC Robotics Confined Space Target Markets 123 Figure OC Robotics LaserSnake 124 Figure OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots For Aircraft Assembly 126 Table OCRobotics Snake-Arm Tools Features 130 Table OCRobotics Interchangeable End Effectors 131 Table OCRobotics Snake Arm Aerospace Applications 132 Table OCRobotics Snake Arm Aerospace Tasks That Could Be Considered For Aircraft Manufacture 133 Figure OC Robotics Snake-arms for security 134 Figure OC Robotics Snake-Arms for Construction 135 Figure

14 OC Robotics Snake-arms for Industrial Application Figure OC Robotics Explorer Range 137 Figure OC Robotics Explorer Range User Interface 138 Figure OC Robotics Explorer Range Actuator Pack 139 Figure OC Robotics Explorer Range Snake Arm 140 Figure OC Robotics Explorer Arm Extensions 141 Figure OC Robotics Extender Snake Range Of Motion 145 Figure OC Robotics Extender Models and Payloads 146 Figure 3-18 (Continued) 147 OC Robotics Extender Models and Payloads 147 Figure OC Robotics Arms in Confined Spaces 148 Figure Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Container Maneuvering 152 Table Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Target Markets 154 Figure Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Exoskeleton 155 Figure Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot 156 Table

15 Snake Robot Magnetic Track Functions 157 Table Snake Magnetic Robot Structures Tracked 157 Figure Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Climbing Ferromagnetic Surface Pole 158 Table Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Intelligence Applications 159 Table Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Military Applications 160 Table Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Camera Applications 161 Table Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Counter-Mine Warfare Applications 162 Table Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Ship Systems Inspection Applications 163 Figure Sarcos Robot Inspection Of Ship Ballast Tanks On Board 164 Figure Sarcos Ballast Water Tanks Inspections 166 Figure Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Traverse Capabilities 168 Figure Medrobotics Flex Retractor 171 Figure Medrobotics Snakelike Robot Tested for Heart Surgery 174 Table Medrobotics Medical Field Target Markets 175 Table University of Michigan Omnitread Innovations: 176 Figure University of Michigan Omnitread 177 Table University of Michigan Mobile Omnitread Robotic Motion Capabilities 178 Table University of Michigan Mobile Robotics Lab Omnitread Robotic Motion Capabilities 181 Figure Omnitread robot snakes 182 Figure FLEXnav PPE System 184 Table FLEXnav PPE System Features 186 Figure Applied Robotics Technologies Typical Experimental Results: Position Errors After M Travel On Moderately Rugged Terrain 188 Figure HiBot Thesbot 191 Figure HiBot 192 Figure HiBot Expliner 193 Figure HiBot ACM-R4H 194 Figure

16 HiBot ACM-R5 195 Figure Hibot ACM-R5 Amphibious Robosnake 196 Figure Hibot ACM-R5 Amphibious Robosnake 197 Figure Tesla Snake Robot Car Charger 201 Table Unifire Robotic Nozzles 202 Figure Unifire Nozzles Articulated Robots 203 Table Robotic Nozzles Benefits 204 Table Robotic Nozzles Applications 206 Figure Unifire Robotic Nozzles 207 Figure Unifire Networked Robotic Nozzle System 209 Figure OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots Remote Car Inspection 213 Figure Robotics Develops Snake-Arm Robots For Confined Spaces 215 Figure OC Robotics Actuator Pack 216 Figure OC Robotics Snake Arm 217 Figure OC Robotics Snake Robot Tool 218 Table OC Robotics Able To Snake Into Cluttered Environments 219 Figure OC Robotics Extend Robot Arms With Elbows 220 Figure OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robot Basics 221 Figure OC Robotics Snake Curvatures 226 Figure OC Robotics Protective Skins 227 Figure OC Robotics Arm Materials Allow For Radiation, Heat, Vacuum, Magnetic Fields, And Operations In Explosive Atmospheres 228 Figure OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots Extend Reach Of The Human 230 Figure OC Robotics PipeSnake 232 Figure OC Robotics Snake Robot Angle of Curvature 233 Figure OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots Aircraft 236 Figure OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robot Extender 237 Figure

17 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robot Made Up Of A Large Number Of Segments 238 Figure CISST ERC Snake Robot 239 Figure Bio-Robotics Lab Snake Robots that Climb 240 Figure Bio-Robotics Lab Snake Robot Climbing 241 Figure Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute Door Opening Robot 243 Figure Sintef Snake Robot Designed To Be Used To Put Out Fires 244 Figure Sintef Anna Konda Robot Equipped With Nozzles 245 Figure Sintef Aiko Snake Robot With Electric Motors 246 Figure Sintef s Snake Robot 247 Figure Sintef Anna Konda 249 Table Anna KondaTechnical data 250 Figure Sintef s Anna Konda Snake Robot 252 Table Sintef s Anna Konda Firefighting Snakebot 254 Table SINTEF Firefighting Snakebot Components 255 Figure Norwegian Company Sintef Anna Konda 256 Table SINTEF Firefighting Snakebot Target Markets 257 Figure Sintef Aiko 257 Table SINTEF / NTNU Aiko Technical data 258 Figure Sintef Pneumosnake 259 Figure Sintef PiKo 262 Figure Sintef PiKo Robot For Vertical Movement 263 Figure Department of Engineering Cybernetics at NTNU Pneumosnake Snake Robot With Pneumatic Bellows265 Table Department of Engineering Cybernetics at NTNU Technical data 266 Table NTNU / SINTEF Next Generation Robotics for Norwegian Industry 267 Figure Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM-R5 - Amphibious Robot Snake 268 Figure Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Slim Slime Robot 270 Table Slim Slime ACM Robot Features 271

18 Table Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Slim Slime Robot Applications 271 Figure Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Serpentine Propulsion 273 Figure Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM xslim Slime Robot With a Child 274 Figure Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Slim Slime Robot Module Construction 275 Figure Tokyo Institute of Technology / Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Snake Like Trackers 276 Figure Tokyo Institute of Technology / Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Snake Like Creep Motion Of Snake, Pedal Waves Of Snail And Limpet, Lateral Rolling, And Pivot Turn 277 Figure Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Robot Snake Modular Construction 278 Figure Snake Robot Hirose-Fukushima Lab at Tokyo Institute of Technology 279 Figure Hirose-Fukushima Lab at Tokyo Institute of Technology ACM-R5 280 Figure Robot Hirose-Fukushima Lab at Tokyo Institute of Technology Amphibious Snake Robot - ACM-R5 281 Table DrGavin S7 Rectilinear Locomotion Snake Robot 282 Figure DrGavin S7 Sensor Suite That Includes Detectors 283 Figure DrGavin S5 Robot Snake Control System Electronics Functional Diagram 284 Figure DrGavin Robot Snake 285 Figure Merlin Robotics / Nottingham Trent University Air Robot Snake 286 Figure Israeli Army Deploys Robot Snakes 287 Figure Israeli Army Bomb Hirose Fukushima Lab Robot Snakes 289 Figure Israeli Snake Robot 291 Figure Merlin Robotics, Nottingham Trent University Robot Snake Dance 292 Figure Snake Bot at the Carnegie Mellon 293 Figure Carnegie Mellon Modular Bot 293 Figure Carnegie Mellon Modular Bot Tricycle Riding 294 Figure Carnegie Mellon Obstacle Climbing 296 Figure Carnegie Mellon Fence Climbing 296 Figure Carnegie Mellon Stair Climbing 297 Figure CardioArm Biomedicine Snakelike Robots for Heart Surgery 299

19 Figure Snake Robot Helps Wounded Soldiers 301 Figure Hughes Aircraft R7 Early Robotic Snake 303 Figure British Military Reconnaissance Robot Can Be Dropped From A Helicopter 304 Figure University of Southampton Anaconda Rubber Snake Generates Power From Waves 305 Figure InnoSTAR Robotic Kit 306 Figure Applied Robotics Technologies, LLC Fiber Optic Gyros Function Of Rate Of Rotation And Temperature308 Figure Fanuc Welding Robot 313 Figure Fanuc Industrial Robots 315 Figure Fanuc Global Network 316 Figure Fanuc s Organization 320 Figure Fanuc Revenue 323 Figure Fanuc Revenue 324 Figure Kuka Vision for Expansion of Robotic Markets 338 Figure Kuka Customers 340 Figure Kuka Regional (10) and Segment (7) Focus 342 Figure Kuka Positioning with Smart Tools 344 Figure Kuka Positioning in Robotics and Systems 348 Table Medrobotics Positioning Table Medrobotics Cardiac Surgery Improvements 356 Table Medrobotics Snake Robot Technologies For Use In A Wide Range Of Surgical And Interventional Applications 358 Table Medrobotics Snake Robot Technologies Specialist Areas Served 359 Table Mitsubishi Electric FA Core Competencies 362 Figure OC Robotics 365 Figure OC Robotics Conducts Inspections Within CANDU Reactors 367 Figure OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robot Technology 369 Table Sarcos Robotics Systems Positioning 371 Table

20 Sarcos Robotics Systems Target Markets 372 Table Sarcos Snake Robot Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) Target Markets 373 Figure Tokyo Institute of Technology Electrochemistry Spextroscopic Techniquees 381 Figure Unifire Robotic Nozzle Technologies 384 Table University of Michigan Mobile Robotics Lab Areas Of Interest 386 Figure YASKAWA Electric Group Businesses 392

21 ABOUT THE COMPANY WinterGreen Research, research strategy relates to identifying market trends through reading and interviewing opinion leaders. By using analysis of published materials, interview material, private research, detailed research, social network materials, blogs, and electronic analytics, the market size, shares, and trends are identified. Analysis of the published materials and interviews permits WinterGreen Research senior analysts to learn a lot more about markets. Discovering, tracking, and thinking about market trends is a high priority at WinterGreen Research. As with all research, the value proposition for competitive analysis comes from intellectual input. WinterGreen Research, founded in 1985, provides strategic market assessments in telecommunications, communications equipment, health care, Software, Internet, Energy Generation, Energy Storage, Renewable energy, and advanced computer technology. Industry reports focus on opportunities that expand existing markets or develop major new markets. The reports access new product and service positioning strategies, new and evolving technologies, and technological impact on products, services, and markets. Innovation that drives markets is explored. Market shares are provided. Leading market participants are profiled, and their marketing strategies, acquisitions, and strategic alliances are discussed. The principals of WinterGreen Research have been involved in analysis and forecasting of international business opportunities in telecommunications and advanced computer technology markets for 30 years. The studies provide primary analytical insight about the market participants. By publishing material relevant to the positioning of each company, readers can look at the basis for analysis. By providing descriptions of each major participant in the market, the reader is not dependent on analyst assumptions, the information backing the assumptions is provided, permitting readers to examine the basis for the conclusions. WinterGreen Research is positioned to help customers facing challenges that define the modern enterprises. The increasingly global nature of science, technology and engineering is a reflection of the implementation of the globally integrated enterprise. Customers trust wintergreen research to work alongside them to ensure the success of the participation in a particular market segment. WinterGreen Research supports various market segment programs; provides trusted technical services to the marketing departments. It carries out accurate market share and forecast analysis services for a range of commercial and government customers globally. These are all vital market research support solutions requiring trust and integrity. About The Principal Authors Ellen T. Curtiss, Technical Director, co-founder of WinterGreen Research, conducts strategic and market assessments in technology-based industries. Previously she was a member of the staff of Arthur D. Little, Inc., for 23 years, most recently as Vice President of Arthur D. Little Decision Resources, specializing in strategic planning and market development services. She is a graduate of Boston University and the Program for Management Development at Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. She is the author of recent studies on worldwide telecommunications markets, the top ten internet equipment companies, the top ten contract manufacturing companies, and the Top Ten Telecommunications market analysis and forecasts.

22 Susan Eustis, President, co-founder of WinterGreen Research, is a senior analyst. She has done research in communications and computer markets and applications. She holds several patents in microcomputing and parallel processing. She has the original patents in electronic voting machines. She has new patent applications in format varying, mulitprocessing, and electronic voting. She is the author of recent studies of the Stationary Fuel Cell Market, Portable Fuel Cell Market, Solar Technology Market, Thin Film Battery, Wind Energy, Regional Bell Operating Companies' marketing strategies, Internet equipment, biometrics, a study of Internet Equipment, Worldwide Telecommunications Equipment, Top Ten Telecommunications, Digital Loop Carrier, Web Hosting, Web Services,Services Oriented Architecture (SOA), Business Process Management, Application Server, Rare Earth Elements, and Application Integration markets. Ms. Eustis is a graduate of Barnard College and recipient of many honors and awards, including Top Female executive CEO from Who s Who Worldwide in 2012.