Smart 4G network:-implementation of SDR & SON with Automatic EM Radiation control Prakash Pancholy, Jyoti Kushwaha, Richa Chitranshi

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1 Smart 4G ntwork:-mplmntation of SR & with Automatic M Radiation control Prakash Pancholy, Jyoti Kushwaha, Richa Chitranshi Abstract With th rapid dvlopmnt of numbr of mobil tchnologis and air intrfacs including GSM to WCMA to HSPA to L & L advanc, mobil oprators ar bound to follow th tchnology volution paths. But as tchnologis volv, xisting hardwar has to b rplacd or additional componnts nd to b addd. SR provids flxibility to add nw functions or volv nw tchnology without changing xisting hardwar. t rducs th installation cost and nsurs fast dploymnt of nw tchnologis in xisting ntwork. Slf organizing ntwork is an approach of slf configuration, slf optimization, automatic fault dtction & slf haling of ntwork. t nhanc th QoS and can b a caus of nrgy saving by switching off fw or part of ntwork rsourcs as pr th obsrvd load. his papr dals with SR & implmntation in 4G ntwork to mak it mor flxibl and intllignt from radio point of viw. Cll towr radiation is also mattr of concrn for fw rsarchrs and most of th countris hav norms rlatd to uppr thrshold valu of powr dnsity. raditional mthods of M radiation control lacks with manual approach of M radiation masurmnt & solution implmntation. A Nw mthod of automatic masurmnt of M radiations and radiation control is also proposd hr. ndx rms SR,, L Advanc, Automatic Radiation control.. NROUCON L advanc is worldwid accptd as ky tchnology of 4G and most of th oprators ar planning to install it in thir ntwork. But tchnologis ar changing vry rapidly and ach oprator wants to dploy th futur proof tchnology that can provid compatibility with futur systms up to som xtnt. SR(Softwar dfin radio)[1] dfins a tlcommunication systm whr typical hardwar componnts ar implmntd in softwar by man of softwar componnts that run on flxibl and powrful procssing platform, usually Flxibl Programmabl Gatway Arrays (FPGA), igital Signal Procssing (SP) chips and microprocssors. his flxibility allows nw functions to b implmntd without changing any hardwar. lcom srvic providrs want to provid good quality of srvics with lss human intrvntion. (Slf Organizing Ntwork)[4] is an approach of intllignt radio ntwork managmnt which provids automatic configuration and intllignt optimization of ntwork. t can automatically dtct th faults & disturbancs and can prform slf haling of ntwork. With implmntation of in mobil ntwork, QoS can b prdictd at vry instant and accordingly it can b improvd also. also utilizs ntwork rsourcs as pr th rquirmnt of prsnt load and rst of th rsourcs can b switchd off. his may b a caus of hug nrgy saving, that rducs th oprational xpnss and also it is good from nvironmnt point of viw. An automatic obsrvation of cll towr radiations at particular point can b don by obsrving masurmnt rports transmittd by subscribrs. Commutativ powr dnsity can b stimatd by compiling ths rports with a considration of rcivr snsitivity of usr quipmnt. Location of subscribr (whr powr dnsity is to b masurd) can b prdicatd by various mthods lik angl of arrival (AOA), uplink tim of arrival (OA), im iffrncs of Arrival (oa), nhancd Obsrvd im iffrnc (-O), iming advanc basd mthods, tringularisation mthod, GPS Basd mthod tc. A M radiation srvr can utiliz ths data rlatd to powr dnsity and can provid solution for radiation control without dgrading th QoS.. MPLMNAON OF SR, & AUOMAC RAAON CONROL MCHANSM N 4G NWORK A. SR mplmntation SR implmntation prsnts a nw futur proof & asily upgradabl concpt for mobil oprators and allows thm to hav a simplr, mor fficint & adaptiv ntwork. Svral air intrfacs in th sam frquncy band can b implmntd using SR. t offrs upgradabl procssing capabilitis for futur air intrfacs. his is spcially applicabl to L, which is xpctd to rquir additional procssing at th bas station du to its low latncy, highr bandwidth rquirmnts. h SR implmntd ntwork can asily convrtd in to L or othr 4G compatibl ntwork just by softwar up-gradation or by adding a nw bas band procssing card to th xisting 14

2 hardwar platform. All 4G tchnologis us Orthogonal Frquncy-ivision Multiplxing (OFM). OFM involvs transmission of QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM symbols in paralll. Softwar mplmntation Bas-Band F RF RF xtrnal ntrfacs Functional procssing Bas band procssing uplxr unit RF had P /AM ntrfac for backhaul N/w SP, Gnral Procssor, FPGA Filtr channl Sparation High powr widband Amplifir Fig.1 ypical SR Bas Station implmntation [1] [2] ypical SR bas station implmntation ( Nod-B) is shown in figur.1 As various 4G tchnologis almost shar th sam basic OFM principls, a basic radio unit can b dsignd. Although paramtrs, lik fram structur, rfrnc signal locations and proprtis, sub carrir spacing, physical channl dfinitions and forward rror corrction schms will b diffrnt for diffrnt 4G tchnology. Functional & bas band procssing units can b implmntd in softwar through Flxibl Programmabl Gatway Arrays (FPGA), igital Signal Procssing (SP) chips or microprocssors. Handovr, cll slction and rslction & othr bas band procssing is don by this softwar implmntation. xtrnal intrfacs ar providd for connctivity with backhaul ntwork, lmnt managr & othr P/AM nods. hroughput of 4G standards is almost 10 tims highr thn 3G. n addition, usag of advancd MMO tchniqus, cyclic prfix, adaptiv modulation & coding, H-ARQ tc might incras rquird procssing powr xponntially and rquird computational load to b svral tims of Giga Complx Multiply-Accumulat (GCMAC) oprations pr scond. Convntional SPs cannot provid such procssing powr. As a rsult, clos algorithmic and implmntation challngs must b mt whn implmnting th diffrnt 4G tchnologis. n such scnario, hardwird implmntation is not nough and it is important to mploy an SR approach. As various 4G standards continu to volv, SR provids futur proof bnfit to oprators by providing softwar-upgradabl products. Furthr, programmability allows powrful solutions for dynamic adaptation according to fild conditions basd on support of diffrnt algorithmic approachs as a function of channl conditions.. FOR RAO NWORK MANAGMN OF 4G aims to configur and optimiz th ntwork automatically, so that th intraction of human can b rducd and th capacity of th ntwork can b incrasd. h main functionality of includs: slf-configuration, slf-optimization and slf haling [6]. Slf organizing ntwork () is dscribd as a part of 3GPP L [3] and it is a ky fatur for ffctiv & automatic opration & maintnanc (O&M) of 4G ntworks. t maximizs ovrall prformanc of ntwork and rducs th cost of installation & managmnt by simplifying O&M through slf configuration, slf optimization, slf haling tc. offrs off loading of s[5] and vn switchd off fw or part of ntwork rsourcs on th basic of usags or load at particular tim. t rducs th powr consumption and rsult in far lowr oprational xpnditurs and produc nvironmntally frindly approach. t s functionality can b implmntd in cntralizd and distributd mannr. istributd offrs implmntation of functionality on nods. Critical dcisions from tim point of viw that do not rquir information from all ntwork lmnts ar takn by distributd locally. Cntralizd functionality is implmntd ovr highr managmnt layrs. t dals issu rlatd to ovr all prformanc of ntwork which rquirs data from all ntwork lmnts. Ntwork managr provid cntralizd functionality in 4G ntwork. t collcts data from all ovr and utilizs it for cntralizd managmnt of ntwork. t is implmntd on managmnt layr of ntwork and provids functionality for multi tchnology, multi vndor solutions. Ntwork managr nod communicats with vndor 15

3 spcific ntwork lmnt managr (NM) which collcts statistics from nodbs. Standard intrfac among NM can provid intr vndor communication and incras ffctivnss of implmntation. Ntwork managr and NM can b connctd with automatic planning tool. Whn nw lmnt is addd in th ntwork, it automatically crat logical path with planning/ configuration srvr and download basic configuration fils by using NCOF protocol. hn nodb can prform slf tst and larn about nighbors and othr configuration with th hlp of NM & ntwork managr. Masurmnts Multi tchnology Multi Vndor Cntralizd dcision Planning/ Srvr as pr rquirmnt ANR(Automatic Nighbor Rlation) Automatic fault dtction and Slf haling Slf tuning ntllignt Optimization OSS Statistics Masurmnt Ntwork lmnt Managmnt Layr S R B U C N R A L Z S O N Othr ntwork lmnts Fig.2 mplmntation in 4G [4] may b implmntd at various lvls of ntwork and ambiguous rspons of NMs can b obtaind.o avoid conflict in ntwork, th NM should providd maximum harmony. V. AUOMAC M RAAON CONROL h ffct of cll towr radiation on biological objcts is subjct of dbat and study. Most of th countris hav adoptd non ionization radiation standards as pr th ntrnational Commission for Non- ionizing Radiation Protction (CNRP) guidlins. raditional mthod consists of manual masurmnt of radiation in nar fild rgion of antnna with broadband or frquncy slctiv masurmnt [7]. Mitigation tchniqus ar applid to control th radiation on th basic of obsrvd radiation lvl. An intractiv mthod of automatic masurmnt and control of cll towr radiation is proposd hr. For intllignt / automatic masurmnt of radiation lvl at particular point, two things should b known i.. location (point whr radiation is to b masurd) and commutativ powr dnsity at that point. Masurmnt rport transmittd by subscribr can b utilizd to calculat commutativ powr dnsity and with th hlp of various location finding mthods, location can b stimatd. As shown in figur-, location findr srvr prdicts location of L subscribr. t may us various mthods/ algorithms lik angl of arrival (AOA),uplink tim of arrival (OA), tim diffrncs of arrival (oa), nhancd obsrvd tim diffrnc (-O), timing advanc basd mthods, tringularisation mthod, GPS basd mthod tc to prdict th location of subscribr from th masurmnt rports snd by th subscribr. 16

4 Srvr for Location finding of Subscribr Smart Antnna Array Srvr MF Complianc auditing R Rmot lctrical ilt Fig.3 Proposd ntllignt M Radiation Masurmnt and Control MF complianc auditing srvr analyzs th masurmnt rports transmittd by th subscribr from th similar placs and considr rcivr snsitivity in to account (As systm is awar about quipmnt usd by th subscribr on th basic of uniqu quipmnt idntity transmittd by it) it may stimat commutativ valu of powr dnsity at that point. Hr th systm utilizd smart antnna which can adjust its bam width, sid lob attnuation, vrtical radiation pattrn (VRP) tc. t is connctd with radio unit via rmot lctrical tilt (R) unit. Aftr analyzing powr dnsity at particular point, MF srvr may compar it with maximum allowabl powr dnsity valu and accordingly apply th mitigation tchniqus by changing transmittd powr, tilt, vrtical radiation pattrn, bam width tc. At th sam tim ntwork managr & NM obsrv any advrs impact on QoS and coordinat with MF srvr for optimum prformanc. Figur 4 dscrib th smart 4G ntwork with & SR along with automatic M radiation control mchanism as discussd in prvious sctions. t is shown in Appndix. V. CONCLUSON With th implmntation of in cntralizd and distributd mannr, slf configurd, slf monitord, slf optimizd & slf haling ntwork can b ralizd. Lss human intrvntion & auto powr saving fatur of rduc th oprational cost. SR provids flxibility to xisting systm that can b upgradd asily without invsting too much. As various 4G standards continu to volv, SR provids futur proof bnfit to oprators. ntllignt radiation control mthod may rduc th radiation lvl without dgrading QoS. RFRNCS [1] Softwar find Forum [2] A.L.G Ris, Softwar dfind radio on digital communications: A nw tool 13th Annual Wirlss and Microwav chnology Confrnc (WAMCON), April [3] 3 rd Gnration Partnrship Projct [4] NA /O, -An ntllignt Approach NA rsarch papr Aug [5] 4G Products of Airspan [6] R.Combs, Z. Altman,. Altman, Slf-Organizing Rlays: imnsioning, Slf-Optimization, and Larning, rans. Ntwork and Srvic Managmnt, Vol: 99, pp: 1 14, [7] lcommunication nginring Cntr, O ndia, st Procdur for Masurmnt of lctromagntic Filds from Bas Station Antnna, ocumnt No. C/P/MF/001/02 SP

5 AUHOR BOGRAPHY Mr Prakash Pancholy has rcivd his B.ch dgr in lctronics and communication nginring from Govt. ngg Collg Kota (2000) and M.ch in igital Signal Procssing-Gold Mdalist from NS, Nw lhi (2003). H has 11 yars industrial xprinc in VAS, GSM, 3G, Mobil Fornsics, RF planning & Optimization, 3G, L, P V6 tc. Prsntly working as Sr. nstructor in Mobil faculty at ALC Ghaziabad (Cntr of xcllnc for tlcom training with calibration of Kanpur). H is a visiting faculty of CB, CS, NA tc. His aras of intrsts ar ntllignt, Adaptiv signal procssing, M radiation from BSs, Mobil fornsics, L advanc tc. Ms. Jyoti Kushwaha has rcivd hr B.ch dgr in lctronics and Communication nginring from Hi-ch nstitut Of nginring and chnology, Ghaziabad (2010) affiliatd to Gautam Buddh chnical Univrsity (GBU) Lucknow, ndia. Sh is pursuing M.ch in lctronics and Communication nginring from Ajay Kumar Garg nginring Collg, Ghaziabad, affiliatd to MU (Mahamaya chnical Univrsity) Noida. Hr main rsarch aras of intrst ar GSM, location tracking tc. Ms. Richa Chitranshi has rcivd hr B.ch dgr in lctronics and Communication nginring from Prasad nstitut of tchnology Jaunpur (2010) affiliatd to Gautam Buddh chnical Univrsity (GBU) Lucknow, ndia. Sh is pursuing M.ch in lctronics and Communication nginring from Ajay Kumar Garg nginring Collg, Ghaziabad, affiliatd to MU (Mahamaya chnical Univrsity) Noida. Hr main rsarch aras of intrst ar M radiation from BS, GSM tc. APPNX Fig.4 mplmnting, SR & Automatic Radiation Control Mchanism in 4G [1][2][4][6] Planning/ Srvr lmnt Ntwork managr lmnt Othr ntwork lmnts Nod-B Functional procssing Host payload Call Procssing Bas Band Procssing Unit Softwar L UMS Smart Multi band Antnna Nod-B Nod-B xtrnal ntrfacs P or AM GSM R P WAN ntrfac/ Backhaul N/w FPGA)/SP chips /microprocssors Srvr for MF complianc auditing 18