FNet and PMU Data Overview. Cause Analysis and Data Workshop

Transcription

1 FNet and PMU Data Overview Cause Analysis and Data Workshop August 1, 2012

2 Real-Time Data Sources In Situational Awareness and Event Analysis, NERC uses: FNet 10 samples per second ACE/Frequency data 1 second data Phasor measurement data (from PMUs) 30 samples per second 2 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

3 FNet Overview Operated by the Power Information Technology Lb Laboratory at the University it of Tennessee Frequency Disturbance Recorders (FDRs) are used to measure the frequency, phase angle, and voltage of the power system at ordinary 120 V outlets Measurements arecontinuously transmitted via the Internet to the FNET servers hosted at the University of Tennessee and Virginia Tech World wide FDR deployment 3 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

4 Event Triangulation 4 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

5 Basic Principals Location and Size of Disturbance (Frequency based) Frequency perturbations travel throughout the grid as electromechanical waves at measurable speeds The TDOA (Time Dl Delay of Arrival) l)is approximately proportional to the distance of sensors from disturbance center. Tripping of generation or load (P tripped) is proportional to the frequency deviation (Δ f) 5 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

6 FNet Capabilities FNet data can be used for: Event detection and location estimation Oscillation detection Animations of frequency and angle perturbations Detection of system breakup or islanding Predictions of gridinstabilityinstability Used as an integral part of NERC s Frequency event detection Rapid analysis of system events 6 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

7 FDRs locations in US/Canada 7 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

8 System Event During Super Bowl Super Bowl Avg. # of Event # Viewers (>400 (000) MW) XLV (2011) 111, XLIV (2010) 106, XLIII (2009) 98, XLII (2008) 97, RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

9 EI Freq During Super Bowl Event During the Game Event During the Commercial 9 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

10 Sharp Frequency Drop Half Time 3 Minutes Plot 10 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

11 Rapid Event Analysis Example 11 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

12 Pacific Southwest Dist Before we knew anything We heard there was a blackout in Southern California and that the San Onofre plant was tripped... and then we heard that a switching error was the cause of the whole thing Of course, we didn t believe it! We turned to FNet and our Resource Adequacy (ACE & Frequency databases) 12 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

13 CAISO Freq/ACE MST From RA Tool CISO Freq/ACE MST 13 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

14 1-Min. CAISO Freq MST From RA Tool 14 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

15 WECC Freq ~1538 SDGE Sep. From FMATool 15 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

16 System Separation & SONGS Trip Loss of SDGE Load Loss of San Onofre Gen. From RA Tool 16 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

17 Initial FNet FDR Angular Plot AZ NM CO California 17 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

18 FNET FDR Locations 18 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

19 25 Minutes of Frequency D A B C 19 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

20 Event A 20 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

21 Event A Detail 21 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

22 Event B 22 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

23 Event C 23 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

24 Event D 24 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

25 What we learned with FNET The frequency shows four main events A. The initial separation around 22:27:39 (UTC), resulting in a slow frequency dip of about 30 mhz over about 25 seconds B. A frequency ramp beginning around 22:32:10 increasing frequency +30 mhz over about 15 seconds C. A frequency drop around 22:37:55 of over 40 mhz (B A) over about 12 seconds D. A frequency jump around 22:38:21of over +150mHz (C A) in less than 5 seconds, settling at around +80 mhz (B A) in about 20 seconds 25 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

26 Use of PMUs in EA 26 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

27 2003 Blackout Simulations 140 Sammis-Star 345 kv 120 CantC-Tidd 345 kv Star-S.Cant 345 kv 60 Hanna-Jun 345 kv 40 Hard-Chamb 345 kv Dale-W.Can 138 kv W.Ak 138 kv Bkr Failure Cham-W.Ak 138 kv E.Lima-N.Fin 138 kv CantC Xfmr W.Ak-PV Q kv Babb-W.Ak 138 kv E.Lima-N.Lib 138 kv Clov-Torrey 138 kv Star-S.Cant 345 kv Hanna-Jun 345 kv Hard-Chamb 345 kv 20 0 Outages 27 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY % of Normal Ratings (Amps)

28 PMU Data from SONGS 28 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

29 7 Phases of Event Trip of Coachella Valley 230/92 kv Transformers Trip or Gila 161/69 kv Transformers & Yuma Cogen Trip of Hassayampa North Gila 500 kv Line Trip of Pilot Knob 161/92 kv & Yucca 161/69 kv Transformers Trip of Pilot Knob El Centro 161 kv Line Trip of Ramon 230/92 kv Transformer South of SONGS Separation Disturbance Phases 29 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

30 EA Modeling 30 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY

31 Simulation vs. Actual Flows South of SONGS Flows MW :27: :28: :30: :31: :33: :34: :36: :37: Local lti Time (PDT) Simulated Actual (PMU) 31 RELIABILITY ACCOUNTABILITY