Application of Synchrophasors in Power Plants Incorporated with Condition Monitoring Systems K P C L

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Adrian Marshall
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1 Application of Synchrophasors in Power Plants Incorporated with Condition Monitoring Systems Nagarjun.Y Assistant Engineer Karnataka Power Corporation Limited India K P C L

2 Outline Synchrophasor Technology Potential Applications in Power Plants Integrating with Condition Monitoring Systems

3 EMS 60 s & 70 s Analog, hardwired The Grid of Future Smart Grid Evolution

4 Synchrophasor Technology Traditional Measurements Voltage MW, MVAR RMS Magnitude Average sampling over 100ms Reporting 1-2s Time tag at EMS Synchrophasor Measurements Voltage, Current, Frequency (rate of change) MW, MVAR Magnitude & phase angle 1-5 cycle averaging Report per second Time tag at measurement Courtesy: CERTS/EPG

5 SCADA Data Vs PMU Data SCADA Data Refresh rate 2-5 seconds Latency and skew Older legacy communication Responds to quasi-static behavior Frequency change means: Sudden Gen-Load MW imbalance somewhere in the grid X-ray PMU Data Refresh rate sample/sec Time tagged data, minimal latency Compatible with modern communication technology Responds to system dynamic behavior Angle-pair change means: Sudden MW change in a specific location of the grid MRI Courtesy: NASPI

6 Synchrophasor Infrastructure Measurement Layer - PMUs Data Collection Layer - PDCs Application Layer PDC

7 Synchrophasor Technology Worldwide Russia Japan World Wide Europe N.America China Japan India Russia S.Africa Brazil Mexico Australia Brazil India

8 PMUs in Europe France Switzerland Italy Spain Denmark Norway Finland Sweden Iceland

9 PMUs in North America as of 2007 as of 2014 Over 2000 deployed

PMUs in Eastern Europe, Central Asia & Siberia Interconnected power system (IPS) Ukraine Belorussia Latvia Lithuania Estonia Moldova Georgia Azerbaijan

10 PMUs in Eastern Europe, Central Asia & Siberia Interconnected power system (IPS) Ukraine Belorussia Latvia Lithuania Estonia Moldova Georgia Azerbaijan Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Mongolia Unified power system (UPS) Russia Kazakhstan 26 PMUs are located in major power plants and substations on UPS and IPS

11 PMUs in China Over 1000 PMUs deployed All 500kV and above substations and 100 MW and above power plants have PMUs

PMUs in India As of 2010-04 PMUs As of 2014-62 PMUs A approval to install 1700 PMUs, 32 PDCs and

12 PMUs in India As of PMUs As of PMUs A approval to install 1700 PMUs, 32 PDCs and Analytic software at 6.5 Billion INR is approved under URTDSM Scheme, which includes 11,000 km of optical fiber.

13 Synchrophasor Project Architecture in India Site installation Total - 62 PMUs NR - 14 Nos. WR - 16 Nos. ER - 12 Nos. SR - 12 Nos. NER - 08 Nos. NR WR SR ER Pre.1991 Dec NER Setup at the NLDC

14 Operational Experiences Fault detection, classification and analysis Low Frequency Oscillation Detection of Coherent Group of Generators Islanding Detection and their resynchronization with the grid Dynamic Model Validation Using Synchrophasor data Visualization of PSS testing Monitoring of Natural disasters (Reference: POSOCO Report on Synchrophasors Initiative in India)

15 Synchronization of SR Grid with NEW Grid at 20:25 hours of 31-Dec-2013 N-E-W Grid SR Grid Two Grids-Two Frequency One Grid-One Frequency

75 Hz 6 Hz Oscillations in Grid has resulted in

16 Low Frequency Oscillation On 9-12 August 2014 Coherent Group observed for 0.75 Hz Coherent Group observed for 0.6 Hz Oscillations in Grid has resulted in tripping of Generating units and lines

17 APL Mundra Station, Gujarat Figures are examples of long-term data used to analyze the effects of power system disturbances on critical stations

diagram of affected area during CT failure at a Substation

18 Large Generation Loss Example Multiple tripping of 400kV lines due to Current Transformer (CT) Failure Schematic diagram of affected area during CT failure at a Substation 400 kv bus voltage from PMU during CT failure at a Substation

SCADA diagram displaying the area affected 400 kv

19 Large Generation Loss Example Tripping of running Units at Vijayawada Thermal Power Station (VTPS) SCADA diagram displaying the area affected 400 kv Ramagundam bus voltage during tripping at Vijayawada TPS

diagram of the area affected during multiple tripping at Mamidapalli

20 Large Area Blackout Example Multiple tripping at 400/220 kv Mamidapalli substation due to failure of CT and Bus post Insulator Schematic diagram of the area affected during multiple tripping at Mamidapalli Substation 400 kv Ramagundam bus voltage during fault at Mamidapalli substation

21 Essential applications in Power Plants Measure MW, MVAR, frequency, Terminal voltage, field V & I Rotor Angle Measurement - Record synchronizing time Asset management - Event analysis, Equipment mal-operations and health monitoring and model validation Tariff requirements

22 Integrating PMUs with Online Condition Monitoring Monitoring Centre / Server Monitoring Module Condition Monitoring Sensors PMUs

23 Applications in the Future Generator settings verification Equipment commissioning Monitoring system current unbalance to protect large generator rotors Turbine monitoring Relay conversion to PMU

24 Challenges Technology Deployment Data Identification Data Handling Maintenance & Problem Identification Data Transmission Renewable Resource Integration

25 Conclusion With massive installation of PMUs, grid control has improved to a large extent to make the Grid Smart But the reality is.. Large Blackouts will occur again in the future.. Our power grid is too complex to make it fail-safe..!

26 So, are we a Utility of the future to face the Challenge? Thank You

In addition to wide-area monitoring systems, synchrophasors offer an impressive range of system benefits, including:

In addition to wide-area monitoring systems, synchrophasors offer an impressive range of system benefits, including: Synchrophasors Before synchrophasor technology and its contributions towards transmission resiliency are discussed, it is important to first understand the concept of phasors. A phasor is a complex number