Deployment and Initial Experience with Oscillation Detection Application at Bonneville Power Administration

Transcription

1 Deployment and Initial Experience with Oscillation Detection Application at Bonneville Power Administration Dmitry Kosterev, Ashley Donahoo, Nick Leitschuh BPA Jeff Dagle, Frank Tuffner PNNL Dan Trudnowski Montana Tech 2016 IEEE Meeting

2 2 BPA Overview Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) is a federal Power Marketing Agency in Pacific Northwest BPA markets power from 31 Federal dams and the Columbia Generating Station Nuclear Plant BPA operates more than 15,000 miles of transmission, including 4,735 miles of 500-kV lines BPA operates several large paths in the Western Interconnection California Oregon AC Intertie (4,800 MW), Pacific HVDC Intertie (3,100 MW), Northern Intertie (3,100 MW), and Montana Intertie (2,200 MW)

3 3 History of Syncrophasors at BPA BPA has been one of the earliest adopters of synchrophasor technology since early 1990s COI Power, August BPA has greatly expanded PMU coverage and networking following 1996 outages Power (MW) Time (sec) from 15:47:30 BPA researched, prototyped and deployed several PMU applications for engineering analysis However, that PMU network was research-grade and was not reliable or secure for real-time control room applications

4 Synchrophasor Investment Project BPA initiated a capital investment project in 2010 to build a secure, reliable, control-grade synchrophasor network: 5-year, $35M project Part of DOE Smart Grid Program Control PMUs Fully redundant architecture 32 substations 110 PMUs (55 redundant pairs) Data PMUs 15 wind sites Total of 3,322 signals

5 5 Platt s Global Energy Award BPA synchrophasor investment project received 2013 Platt s Global Energy Award for Industry Leadership in Grid Optimization

6 6 BPA Oscillation Detection Application

7 Control Room: Oscillation Detection 7 BPA deployed Oscillation Detection in its control room in October 2013 Scans 100+ signals for signs of growing or sustained power oscillations Alarms dispatchers when an oscillation is detected Dispatcher training sessions are performed Operating procedures are developed in 2016

8 Band 1 Energy How are Oscillations detected? The magnitude of the oscillation is calculated in 4 frequency bands Band 4 Energy 100+ signals scanned Band 3 Energy Band 2 Energy 8

9 How alarm is generated If the oscillation is strong enough, and lasts long enough then an alarm is issued 120 sec 9 Must persist for this long: Band 1 ( Hz) >> 400 seconds Band 2 ( Hz) >> 120 seconds Band 3 ( Hz) >> 120 seconds Band 4 ( Hz) >> 120 seconds

10 10 Oscillation Detection Events Multiple events of oscillation are detected monthly Examples: Generator control interactions Wind generation oscillations Bad operating point on a power plant Pacific HVDC Intertie controls Generator rotor angle oscillations Etc

11 (a) Central Oregon Oscillation on February 20, 2014 Overview display Detailed display

12 (a) Central Oregon Oscillation on February 20, 2014 Power (MW) Reactive (MVAR) Active Power Reactive Power CT failure resulted in plant developing a large power oscillations at 1.2 Hz frequency Time (sec) 0 Active Power 7 minute plot Power (MW) Reactive Power 30-second plot Reactive (MVAR) Time (sec)

13 (b) Hydro Power Plant Oscillation Overview Display SYNCHROPHASOR: OSCILLATION DETECTION SUMMARY 10/30/2014 8:15:00 AM CLOSE CUSTER MONROE SCHULTZ CHIEF JOSEPH 230KV GRAND COULEE 230KV SUMMARY TRENDS BELL PAUL ECHO LAKE ROCK CREEK ASHE LOWER MONUMENTAL CENTRAL FERRY KEELER 230KV MARION ALVEY NORTH BONNEVILLE 230KV CAPT JACK 230KV BIG EDDY GRIZZLY SUMMER LAKE 230KV 230KV JOHN DAY MALIN 230KV SLATT 230KV MCNARY GARRISON OSCILLATION ENERGY DETAILS: JOHN DAY:POWERHOUSE #2 LINE POWER MW ENERGY BAND KEY Generator, HVDC or SVC Hz Local Plant Controls Hz 10/30/2014 7:15:00 AM minutes Inter-Area Oscillations Hz JOHN DAY: POWERHOUSE #2 MW-1 SEC Local Plant Controls or AGC Hz CLICK ON A PMU TO VIEW DETAILS /30/2014 7:15:00 AM minutes 10/30/2014 8:15:00 AM 10/30/2014 8:15:00 AM 10/30/2014 8:15:00 AM CLOSE MW BAND1 ( Hz) BAND2 ( Hz) BAND3 ( Hz) BAND4 ( 5-14 Hz) ENERGY BAND /30/2014 7:15:00 AM minutes 10/30/2014 8:15:00 AM BAND1 ENERGY 0.7 MW HI LIMIT 5.4 MW ENERGY BAND BAND2 ENERGY 2.7 MW /30/2014 7:15:00 AM minutes 10/30/2014 8:15:00 AM HI LIMIT 1.6 MW Oscillation Details ENERGY BAND /30/2014 7:15:00 AM minutes ENERGY BAND /30/2014 7:15:00 AM minutes 10/30/2014 8:15:00 AM 10/30/2014 8:15:00 AM BAND3 ENERGY 0.3 MW BAND4 ENERGY HI LIMIT 2.8 MW 0.1 MW HI LIMIT 0.7 MW

14 Reactive Power (MVAR) Power (MW) (b) Hydro Power Plant Oscillation Power Period of oscillation is 3 seconds, oscillation frequency is 0.33 Hz, seen in both active and reactive power Time (sec) Reactive Power The oscillation is caused by a surging water vortex in one of the turbines operating at a partial load Plant was redispatched to a stable operating point Time (sec)

15 (c) Wind Power Oscillation

16 (c) Wind Power Oscillations , , , , ,000 5:30 6:00 6:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 5:30 6:00 6: FREQUENCY JOHN DAY - BIGLOW MW 1/30/2014 9:21:56 AM JOHN DAY FREQUENCY VOLTAGE ACTIVE POWER 1/30/2014 9:21:56 AM ,500 JOHN DAY - BIGLOW MVAR 80 REACTIVE POWER 8:00 1/30/2014 9:21:56 AM 8:30 9:00 1/30/2014 9:21:56 AM Oscillation is at 14 Hz, most visible in reactive power, indication of voltage control issues :30 6:00 6:30 FREQUENCY 8:00 8:30 9: :30 6:00 VOLTAGE 6:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 Oscillations reached 80 MVAR peak to peak ACTIVE POWER REACTIVE POWER

17 (c) Wind Power Oscillations Manufacturer upgraded the controls in April 2014 to fix the oscillation problem FREQUENCY :00 JOHN DAY - BIGLOW MW 4/15/2014 4:14:59 PM JOHN DAY FREQUENCY VOLTAGE ACTIVE POWER 16:00 4/15/2014 4:14:59 PM 242, , , , , , ,000 17:00 REACTIVE POWER JOHN DAY - BIGLOW MVAR 60 4/15/2014 4:14:59 PM 16:00 4/15/2014 4:14:59 PM :00 16: :00 16:00

18 (d) Hydro Plant Control Interaction Overview Display Oscillation Details

19 (d) Hydro Plant Control Interaction THE DALLES PH4 ACTIVE POWER MW /21/2015 3:30:00 AM seconds 10/21/2015 3:30:10 AM The DALLES PH4 REACTIVE POWER MV 35 10/21/2015 3:30:00 AM seconds 10/21/2015 3:30:10 AM Oscillation is caused by interactions between generator UEL and PSS UEL was retuned in January 2016

20 20 Success Story BPA successfully deployed Oscillation Detection Module (ODM) in its control room ODM is developed by Dan Trudnowski at MTU ODM scans for 100+ signals for sustained high energy oscillations ODM was implemented in 2013, and displays have been in the control rooms since October 2013 log alarm only Several dispatcher training sessions have been performed Dispatchers took actions based on ODM results Operating procedures are developed, in effect June 1, 2016 Several control improvements are implemented, including UEL tuning at a hydro-power plant and control firmware upgrades at a wind power plant