Deep Data from Optical Sensors

Transcription

1 1 Deep Data from Optical Sensors Farnoosh Rahmatian NuGrid Power Corp August 7, 2018 IEEE PES GM, Portland, OR 2018 NuGrid Power Corp

2 2 Outline What is a deep data sensor? Optical Voltage/Current Sensors Value Stack Impact of function requirements Data Extraction examples Life cycle value

3 3 Definition DEEP DATA Sensor A sensor that has the linearity, accuracy, and bandwidth to provide source data for various filtering/optimization to serve a wide variety of applications with different data requirements. ~ multi function sensor

4 4 Value Proposition for V & I Sensors Voltage and Current Sensors are our eyes and ears into the power system Can you see far enough? Can you hear deep enough? To maximize value from the grid, we need to see it and hear it well Accuracy Dynamic range Frequency range

5 5 Optical Voltage and Current Sensor Systems O ptical Transform ers Secondary Devices (e.g., m ete rs an d r elay s) O p tic al a nd /o r E le ctrica l C ab le s Sensor Electronics and M e r g in g U n it Cabling System O ptional C able M anagem ent B ox O p tic al a nd /o r E le ctrica l C ab le s Schematic of a typical optical sensor system IEEE Std 1601

6 6 Stacking Values Importance of stacking up values/benefits with shared cost Serving multiple applications with one measurement system Importance of suitable architecture Expandable and modular Maintainable (design for maintainability) Value of using deep data sensors Wide Dynamic range Wide frequency response Accuracy and linearity Cost Benefits Comparison Benefits Costs App 4 (Transient Recording) App 3 (Power Quality) App 2 (Metering) App 1 (Protection) Common Infrastructure

7 7 Data Optimization and Impact on Sensor Requirements Definition: DEEP DATA Sensor A sensor that has the linearity, accuracy, and bandwidth to provide source data for various filtering/optimization to serve a wide variety of applications with different data requirements. App 1 SCADA App 2 Monitoring Filter A Accurate slowchanging data App 3 Revenue Metering Deep-Data Sensor Filter B Accurate somewhat dynamic data App 4 Harmonics App 5 Impedance Protection App 6 Transient Recording Filter N Highbandwidth rapidlychanging data App 7 Travelling Wave Protection

8 8 Example of a DEEP DATA Sensor system design: Optical Voltage and Current Measurement System (Redundancy Not Shown) OVT OCT GPS Clock High-Speed Data Acquisition and Storage Wideband Applications Development Pilot Application 1 Wide Bandwidth Analog (<10 V rated) or digital interface Pilot Application n Optical Cables Wideband Output Optical VT and/or CT Signal Processing Electronics Digital Interface (IEC and IEC ) Analog Interface (4V, 100V, 1A, 5A,...rated) IEDs (Relays, Meters, Recorders, ) IEDs (Relays, Meters, Recorders, ) } Legacy Applications (using narrowband data) * D. F. Peelo, F. Rahmatian, M. Nagpal, and D. Sydor, Real-time Monitoring and Capture of Power System Transients, CIGRE General Session 44, Aug , 2012, paper B3-101.

9 9 Function Requirements Impact on Sensor Requirements Linearity Example: Capacitor bank unbalance protection Detect 0.25 to 5 A in a few seconds Situational awareness 50 A to 4000 A in every second Over current protection 2000 A to 100,000A in a few milliseconds

10 10 Function Requirements Impact on Sensor Requirements Bandwidth Examples: Synchrophasors and traditional over current protection 50 or 60 Hz components, every cycle or so, 1% to 10% accuracy Power quality metering to 50 th Harmonic (3 khz) 5% accuracy, 50 A to 2000 A primary, every 6 to 10 cycles HVDC or Static VAR Compensators 20 khz to 100 khz bandwidth, < 10 µs latency for control Fast transient recording >1 MHz bandwidth, niche application, special sensors and wiring

11 Time vs. Frequency Domain 11

12 Time vs Frequency Domain 12

13 13 Switching & Transients IEEE Std C Guide for Application of Optical Instrument Transformers for Protective Relaying

14 14 SVC Substation Harmonics Measurement 1.4 % of Fundamental Frequency Phase C Phase B Phase A Harmonic # 550 kv class testing for harmonics (Bandwidth 20 khz) 2018 NuGrid Power Corp

15 15 High Frequency Measurements Impulse and fast transient voltage and current measurements, e.g., for reactive switching test (in laboratory and on site) Detector Output Voltage (V) E-07-2.E-07 0.E+00 2.E-07 4.E-07 6.E-07 8.E-07 1.E-06 Time (s) Sample Voltage Measurement Waveform: 283 kv peak with <100 ns rise-time 0.4 Optical CT Output Voltage (V) Sample Current Measurement Waveform: 26 ka peak at 0.7 MHz E-06-2.E-06 0.E+00 2.E-06 4.E-06 6.E-06 8.E-06 Time (s)

16 16 Series Capacitor Staged Fault Testing 15 NXVCT MOV Energy (MJ) NXCT Fault Current (ka) NXCT MOV Current (ka) NXVT MOV Voltage (kv) NXVCT-2 MOV Energy (MJ) NXCT-2 MOV Current (ka) NXVT MOV Voltage (kv) Current and Energy MOV Voltage (kv) MOV Current and Energy MOV Voltage (kv) Time (s) Time (s) Current (ka) Secondary Arc Current Time (s) Summary Results Units Fault number Primary arcing time ms Secondary arcing time ms Number of voltage peaks clipped by MOV MOV energy absorbed MJ MOV Voltage Peak (absolute value) kv MOV Current Peak (absolute value) ka Approx. MOV Voltage ringing frequency Hz Primary Fault Current Peak (absolute value) ka Approximate secondary fault current (peak-to-peak) A

17 17 Shunt Capacitor Banks Showing Primary Current of 0.5 A Measured Signals (Arb. unit) Unfiltered Filtered Time (s)

18 18 Staged Approach to Extracting Value Pick technologies that have wide scale use to maximize value Expect (and plan for) progression in use cases Target high value applications first, while Architecting for application expansion (without blocking future foreseen applications) Modularizing system components to allow evolution of modules (to minimize future cost) Deployment in stages Allow for changing electronics while keeping passive longlife optics/high voltage parts Consider life cycle cost (not just product cost) 18

19 19 Questions 19