Physics potential of long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments

Transcription

1 Physics potential of long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments Joachim Kopp Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg LAUNCH Workshop, Heidelberg, 23 March 2007

2 Outline 1 Setting the stage: Three flavour neutrino oscillations 2 The actors and their performance: Long Baseline experiments 3 Conclusions

3 Outline Three flavour neutrino oscillations 1 Setting the stage: Three flavour neutrino oscillations 2 The actors and their performance: Long Baseline experiments 3 Conclusions

4 Three flavour neutrino oscillations On the way to physics beyond the Standard Model

5 Three flavour neutrino oscillations On the way to physics beyond the Standard Model The flavour structure of elementary particles may be the key to new physics

6 Three flavour neutrino oscillations On the way to physics beyond the Standard Model The flavour structure of elementary particles may be the key to new physics Neutrino physics offers a clean measurement of masses and mixing parameters (no QCD involved)

7 Three flavour neutrino oscillations On the way to physics beyond the Standard Model The flavour structure of elementary particles may be the key to new physics Neutrino physics offers a clean measurement of masses and mixing parameters (no QCD involved) Understanding three-flavour neutrino oscillation parameters is crucial

8 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Three-flavor oscillation probabilities Expansion of Golden Channel probability in α = m2 21 m 2 31 and θ 13 :

9 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Three-flavor oscillation probabilities Expansion of Golden Channel probability in α = m2 21 m 2 31 and θ 13 : P (ν e ν µ ) sin 2 2θ 13 sin 2 sin 2 [(1 A) ] θ 23 (1 A) 2 sin A sin[(1 A) ] + α sin 2θ 13 sin δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 sin A 1 A sin A sin[(1 A) ] + α sin 2θ 13 cos δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 cos A 1 A + α 2 cos 2 θ 23 sin 2 sin 2 A 2θ 12 A 2 with = m2 31 L 4E and A = 2 2G F n ee. m 2 31 Cervera et al. 2000, Akhmedov et al. 2004

10 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Parameter correlations and degeneracies

11 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Parameter correlations and degeneracies Experiments measure oscillation probabilities

12 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Parameter correlations and degeneracies Experiments measure oscillation probabilities Extraction of masses and mixing parameters is non trivial

13 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Parameter correlations and degeneracies Experiments measure oscillation probabilities Extraction of masses and mixing parameters is non trivial Different parameter combination can yield similar probabilities

14 2 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Parameter correlations and degeneracies Experiments measure oscillation probabilities Extraction of masses and mixing parameters is non trivial Different parameter combination can yield similar probabilities Correlation between sin and CP Projection onto sin axis CP Degrees sin sin P. Huber, M. Lindner, W. Winter, hep-ph/

15 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Combine different oscillation channels P (ν µ ν e ) sin 2 2θ 13 sin 2 sin 2 [(1 A) ] θ 23 (1 A) 2 sin A sin[(1 A) ] α sin 2θ 13 sin δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 sin A 1 A sin A sin[(1 A) ] + α sin 2θ 13 cos δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 cos A 1 A + α 2 cos 2 θ 23 sin 2 sin 2 A 2θ 12 A 2

16 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Combine different oscillation channels P (ν µ ν e ) sin 2 2θ 13 sin 2 sin 2 [(1 A) ] θ 23 (1 A) 2 sin A sin[(1 A) ] α sin 2θ 13 sin δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 sin A 1 A sin A sin[(1 A) ] + α sin 2θ 13 cos δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 cos A 1 A + α 2 cos 2 θ 23 sin 2 sin 2 A 2θ 12 A 2

17 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Combine different oscillation channels P (ν e ν µ ) sin 2 2θ 13 sin 2 sin 2 [(1 A) ] θ 23 (1 A) 2 sin A sin[(1 A) ] + α sin 2θ 13 sin δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 sin A 1 A sin A sin[(1 A) ] + α sin 2θ 13 cos δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 cos A 1 A + α 2 cos 2 θ 23 sin 2 sin 2 A 2θ 12 A 2

18 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Combine different oscillation channels P (ν e ν µ ) sin 2 2θ 13 sin 2 sin 2 [(1 A) ] θ 23 (1 A) 2 sin A sin[(1 A) ] α sin 2θ 13 sin δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 sin A 1 A sin A sin[(1 A) ] + α sin 2θ 13 cos δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 cos A 1 A + α 2 cos 2 θ 23 sin 2 sin 2 A 2θ 12 A 2

19 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Combine different oscillation channels P ( ν e ν µ ) sin 2 2θ 13 sin 2 sin 2 [(1 + A) ] θ 23 (1 + A) 2 sin A sin[(1 + A) ] α sin 2θ 13 sin δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 sin A 1 + A sin A sin[(1 + A) ] + α sin 2θ 13 cos δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 cos A 1 + A + α 2 cos 2 θ 23 sin 2 sin 2 A 2θ 12 A 2

20 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Combine different oscillation channels P ( ν e ν µ ) sin 2 2θ 13 sin 2 sin 2 [(1 + A) ] θ 23 (1 + A) 2 sin A sin[(1 + A) ] α sin 2θ 13 sin δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 sin A 1 + A sin A sin[(1 + A) ] + α sin 2θ 13 cos δ CP sin 2θ 12 sin 2θ 23 cos A 1 + A + α 2 cos 2 θ 23 sin 2 sin 2 A 2θ 12 A 2 P (ν e ν e ) 1 sin 2 sin 2 [(1 A) ] 2θ 13 (1 A) 2 α 2 sin 2 sin 2 A 2θ 12 A 2

21 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies

22 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Exploit spectral information

23 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Exploit spectral information Use several detectors at different baselines

24 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Exploit spectral information Use several detectors at different baselines Use anti-neutrino running

25 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Exploit spectral information Use several detectors at different baselines Use anti-neutrino running Use ν e appearance (difficult)

26 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Exploit spectral information Use several detectors at different baselines Use anti-neutrino running Use ν e appearance (difficult) Use ν τ appearance (only for some detector technologies)

27 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Exploit spectral information Use several detectors at different baselines Use anti-neutrino running Use ν e appearance (difficult) Use ν τ appearance (only for some detector technologies) Use disappearance channels

28 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Exploit spectral information Use several detectors at different baselines Use anti-neutrino running Use ν e appearance (difficult) Use ν τ appearance (only for some detector technologies) Use disappearance channels Combine different experiments

29 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Exploit spectral information Use several detectors at different baselines Use anti-neutrino running Use ν e appearance (difficult) Use ν τ appearance (only for some detector technologies) Use disappearance channels Combine different experiments Exploit matter effects to break the sign( m 2 31 ) degeneracy

30 Three flavour neutrino oscillations Breaking correlations and degeneracies Exploit spectral information Use several detectors at different baselines Use anti-neutrino running Use ν e appearance (difficult) Use ν τ appearance (only for some detector technologies) Use disappearance channels Combine different experiments Exploit matter effects to break the sign( m 2 31 ) degeneracy Exploit the magic baseline, for which A = π

31 Outline Long baseline experiments 1 Setting the stage: Three flavour neutrino oscillations 2 The actors and their performance: Long Baseline experiments 3 Conclusions

32 Long baseline experiments Simulating Long Baseline Experiments with GLoBES

33 Long baseline experiments Simulating Long Baseline Experiments with GLoBES Huber, Lindner, Winter, hep-ph/ Huber, JK, Lindner, Rolinec, Winter, hep-ph/

34 Long baseline experiments Simulating Long Baseline Experiments with GLoBES C library for the simulation of neutrino oscillation experiments Huber, Lindner, Winter, hep-ph/ Huber, JK, Lindner, Rolinec, Winter, hep-ph/

35 Long baseline experiments Simulating Long Baseline Experiments with GLoBES C library for the simulation of neutrino oscillation experiments Main focus is on accelerator and reactor neutrino experiments Huber, Lindner, Winter, hep-ph/ Huber, JK, Lindner, Rolinec, Winter, hep-ph/

36 Long baseline experiments Simulating Long Baseline Experiments with GLoBES C library for the simulation of neutrino oscillation experiments Main focus is on accelerator and reactor neutrino experiments High level and low level access to the simulation results Huber, Lindner, Winter, hep-ph/ Huber, JK, Lindner, Rolinec, Winter, hep-ph/

37 Long baseline experiments Simulating Long Baseline Experiments with GLoBES C library for the simulation of neutrino oscillation experiments Main focus is on accelerator and reactor neutrino experiments High level and low level access to the simulation results AEDL Abstract Experiment Definition Language for defining experimental setups Huber, Lindner, Winter, hep-ph/ Huber, JK, Lindner, Rolinec, Winter, hep-ph/

38 Long baseline experiments Simulating Long Baseline Experiments with GLoBES Huber, Lindner, Winter, hep-ph/ Huber, JK, Lindner, Rolinec, Winter, hep-ph/ C library for the simulation of neutrino oscillation experiments Main focus is on accelerator and reactor neutrino experiments High level and low level access to the simulation results AEDL Abstract Experiment Definition Language for defining experimental setups Distributed under the GPL

39 Long baseline experiments Simulating Long Baseline Experiments with GLoBES Huber, Lindner, Winter, hep-ph/ Huber, JK, Lindner, Rolinec, Winter, hep-ph/ C library for the simulation of neutrino oscillation experiments Main focus is on accelerator and reactor neutrino experiments High level and low level access to the simulation results AEDL Abstract Experiment Definition Language for defining experimental setups Distributed under the GPL

40 Long baseline experiments A possible evolution of the θ 13 discovery reach sin 2 2Θ 13 discovery reach 3Σ MINOS CNGS D CHOOZ T2K NO A Reactor II NO A FPD 2 nd GenPDExp NuFact Superbeams Reactor exps Conv. beams Superbeam upgrades Ν factories Branching point 10 1 CHOOZ Solar excluded Year M.G. Albrow,..., W. Winter, et al., hep-ex/

41 Long baseline experiments A possible evolution of the θ 13 discovery reach sin 2 2Θ 13 discovery reach 3Σ MINOS CNGS D CHOOZ T2K NO A Reactor II NO A FPD 2 nd GenPDExp NuFact Superbeams Reactor exps Conv. beams Superbeam upgrades Ν factories Branching point Take numbers with a pinch of salt CHOOZ Solar excluded Year M.G. Albrow,..., W. Winter, et al., hep-ex/

42 Long baseline experiments A possible evolution of the θ 13 discovery reach sin 2 2Θ 13 discovery reach 3Σ MINOS CNGS D CHOOZ T2K NO A Reactor II NO A FPD 2 nd GenPDExp NuFact Superbeams Reactor exps Conv. beams Superbeam upgrades Ν factories Branching point Take numbers with a pinch of salt. Bands reflect dependence on δ true CP CHOOZ Solar excluded Year M.G. Albrow,..., W. Winter, et al., hep-ex/

43 Long baseline experiments A possible evolution of the θ 13 discovery reach sin 2 2Θ 13 discovery reach 3Σ MINOS CNGS D CHOOZ T2K NO A Reactor II NO A FPD 2 nd GenPDExp NuFact Superbeams Reactor exps Conv. beams Superbeam upgrades Ν factories Branching point Take numbers with a pinch of salt. Bands reflect dependence on δ true CP. Branching point decides between NuFact vs. upgraded superbeams CHOOZ Solar excluded Year M.G. Albrow,..., W. Winter, et al., hep-ex/

44 Long baseline experiments A possible evolution of the θ 13 discovery reach sin 2 2Θ 13 discovery reach 3Σ MINOS CNGS D CHOOZ T2K NO A Reactor II NO A FPD 2 nd GenPDExp NuFact Superbeams Reactor exps Conv. beams Superbeam upgrades Ν factories Branching point CHOOZ Solar excluded Take numbers with a pinch of salt. Bands reflect dependence on δ true CP. Branching point decides between NuFact vs. upgraded superbeams. We want to reach the branching point as quickly as possible Year M.G. Albrow,..., W. Winter, et al., hep-ex/

45 Long baseline experiments Towards the branching point: Reactor experiments sin 2 2Θ13 sensitivity at 90% C.L GLoBES 2006 Statistical Limit 5 years DC 10 years DC 5 years DC 5years TC Σbin to bin 2.0% Σbin to bin 0.5% Σshape 2.0% Σcorr 2.8% Σuncorr 0.6% Σcal 0.5% Integrated Luminosity in Far Detector GW t years Sin 2 2Θ13 sensitivity at 90% C.L GLoBES 2006 ND after 1.5 years ND after 2.5 years ND after 5.0 years TC Σ bin to bin 0.0% TC Σ bin to bin 0.5% Running time years P. Huber, JK, M. Lindner, M. Rolinec, W. Winter, hep-ph/

46 Long baseline experiments Non-Standard interactions in a neutrino factory NSIs arise naturally when integrating out new physics.

47 Long baseline experiments Non-Standard interactions in a neutrino factory NSIs arise naturally when integrating out new physics. A neutrino factory can probe scales up to several TeV.

48 Long baseline experiments Non-Standard interactions in a neutrino factory NSIs arise naturally when integrating out new physics. A neutrino factory can probe scales up to several TeV. Again, correlations are important.

49 Long baseline experiments Non-Standard interactions in a neutrino factory NSIs arise naturally when integrating out new physics. A neutrino factory can probe scales up to several TeV. Again, correlations are important Ε m eμ true discovery reach 3Σ for NuFact II Marginalize allλ Fix allλ Systematics m Ε eμ true sin 2 2Θ true sin 2 2Θ true sin 2 2Θ true GLoBES JK, M. Lindner, T. Ota, hep-ph/

50 Long baseline experiments Non-Standard interactions in a neutrino factory NSIs arise naturally when integrating out new physics. A neutrino factory can probe scales up to several TeV. Again, correlations are important Ε m eμ true discovery reach 3Σ for NuFact II Marginalize allλ Fix allλ Systematics m Ε eμ true sin 2 2Θ true sin 2 2Θ true sin 2 2Θ true GLoBES JK, M. Lindner, T. Ota, hep-ph/ Talk by T. Ota this afternoon

51 Outline Conclusions 1 Setting the stage: Three flavour neutrino oscillations 2 The actors and their performance: Long Baseline experiments 3 Conclusions

52 Conclusions Conclusions

53 Conclusions Conclusions Precision measurements of the neutrino masses and mixing parameters are an important tool for understanding flavour physics.

54 Conclusions Conclusions Precision measurements of the neutrino masses and mixing parameters are an important tool for understanding flavour physics. Three-flavour effects may be just around the corner.

55 Conclusions Conclusions Precision measurements of the neutrino masses and mixing parameters are an important tool for understanding flavour physics. Three-flavour effects may be just around the corner. Main challenge: Disentangle parameter correlations and degenerate solutions

56 Conclusions Conclusions Precision measurements of the neutrino masses and mixing parameters are an important tool for understanding flavour physics. Three-flavour effects may be just around the corner. Main challenge: Disentangle parameter correlations and degenerate solutions Branching point for choosing the ultimate technology in neutrino physics at sin 2 2θ

57 Conclusions Conclusions Precision measurements of the neutrino masses and mixing parameters are an important tool for understanding flavour physics. Three-flavour effects may be just around the corner. Main challenge: Disentangle parameter correlations and degenerate solutions Branching point for choosing the ultimate technology in neutrino physics at sin 2 2θ Neutrino oscillation experiments can also be used to directly detect physics beyond the standard model, such as non-standard interactions.